Review T2 Page 1 of 10

NAME _______________________________________________________________________ Date ________________

MATH1324
Review TEST Ch7 and Ch8

7.2 Sets
1. Use the Venn diagram to determine each of the following:

a) n( A) b) n( A ∪ B ) c) n( A ∩ B ')

d) n( A '∩ B ') e) n(U )

{ }
2. Let U =n ∈ N n ≤ 12 , A = {4,5, 6} , B = {8,9,10} and C = {5,8,12} . Find the following:

a) A ∩ C b) B ∪ A c) C ' d) Is the set U finite or infinite? e) Are set A and set B disjoint? Explain.

3. Use the Venn diagram shown below to answer questions 1 – 3: Using a random
sample of 100 insurance customers, an insurance company generated the Venn
diagram in Figure 10 where A is the set of customers who purchased auto insurance, H
is the set of customers who purchased homeowner’s insurance, and L is the set of
customers who purchased life insurance.

A. How many people did not purchase any insurance?

B. How many people purchased homeowner’s insurance?

C. How many people purchased life insurance OR auto insurance?

4. A survey of 150 college students revealed the following data on the numbers of them who used tablets, and/or laptops
(based on data from the Pew Research Center).
a. complete the table.

Laptop Total

Tablet 70 50

5 30

Total 95 150

b. Draw a Venn diagram that summarizes the results of the survey.

c. How many students used (at least) a tablet?

d. How many students used a tablet or a laptop? e. How many students used a laptop but not a tablet?

f. How many students used both devices? g. How many students used neither device?
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7.3 Basic Counting Principles

1. A marketing survey of 1,000 television watchers found that 700 viewers watch reality TV shows, 400 watch scripted
shows, and 300 viewed both. Let R= set of viewers in the sample who watch reality TV shows and S= set of viewers who
watch scripted shows. Find the number of viewers in each set described below.

A). n ( R  S ) b). n ( R  S ) c) n( R  S ) ' d) n( R  S ) '

2. An apartment complex offers apartments with four different options, designated by A through D.

A = number of bedrooms (one through four)

B = number of bathrooms (one through three) How many apartment options are available?
C = floor (first through fifth)
D = outdoor additions (balcony or no balcony)

3. Construct a tree diagram showing all possible results when 2 two fair dice are rolled.

4. A retail store stocks windbreaker jackets in small, medium, large, and extra-large. All are available in blue or red.
What are the combined choices, and how many combinations are there?

5. A company offers its employees’ health plans from three different companies: R, S, and T. Each company offers two
levels of coverage, A and B, with one level requiring additional employee contributions. What are the combined choices
and how many choices are there?

6. There are 4 performers who are to present their acts at a variety show. One of them insists on being the first act of
the evening. If this request is granted, how many different ways are there to schedule the appearances?

7. Results of a survey of fifty students indicate that 30 like red jellybeans, 29 like green jellybeans, and 17 like both red
and green jellybeans. How many of the students surveyed do not like red jellybeans?
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7.4 Permutations and Combinations
Evaluate the following.
9! 8!
1. 5! 2. 3. 4. 9 C4 5. 9 P4
(9 − 4)! 4!⋅ 4!

6. Find the number of permutations or combinations for each.

a) In how many ways can 5 distinct books be arranged on a shelf?

b) In how many ways can 3 people sit in a row of 7 chairs?

c) In how many ways can a 4-person committee be selected from a group of 12 people?

d) In how many ways can a president, vice-president and secretary be chosen from a group of 10 people?

7. How many of the possible 5-card hands from a standard deck would consist of …

a) 4 clubs and one non-club b) 2 red cards, 2 clubs and a spade.

8. If four fair coins are tossed, in how many ways can at least one tail be obtained?

9. A 4-person grievance committee is selected out of 2 departments, A and B, with 15 and 20 people, respectively.

In how many ways can the following committees be selected?

a) 3 from A and 1 from B b) 2 from A and 2 from B

c) all from A d) 4 people regardless of department

e) At least 3 from department A (This is a tricky one!)

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8.1 Sample Spaces, Events and Probabilities

1. A box contains 10 cards numbered 1 through 10. List the sample space of picking one card.

2. A real estate company with 16 employees in their central office, 8 in their north office and 5 in their south office is
planning to lay off 10 employees. (Write answers in terms of combinations.)

a) In how many ways can this be done?

b) In how many ways can this be done if the company decides to lay off 6 employees from the central office, 2
from the north office and 2 from the south office?

c) What is the probability that 6 will be laid off from the central office, 2 from the north office and 2 from the
south office?

3. A lottery game contains 28 balls numbered 1 - 28. What is the probability of choosing a ball numbered 28, P(28)?

4. A six-sided fair die is rolled. What is the probability of rolling a number less than 3?

5. Suppose a 5-card hand is chosen from a standard 52-card deck. Find each of the following. (Write answers in terms
of combinations.)
a) How many 5-card hands consist of 3 clubs and 2 hearts?

b) What is the probability of drawing a 5-card hand consisting of 3 clubs and 2 hearts?

c) How many 5 card hands consist entirely of red cards?

d) What is the probability of drawing a 5-card hand consisting entirely of red cards?

6. License plates are made to each contains 3 letters (26 letters of the alphabet) followed by 3 digits (from 0 to 9).
What is the probability that a license plate will read “MTH 123”?

7. If 81% of scheduled flights actually take place and cancellations are independent events, what is the probability that 3
separate flights will all take place?

8. Roni made hits on 12 of 30 at-bats this season.

a. Based on her performance this season, what is the probability that she will make a hit on her next at-bat?

b. What is the probability that she will miss her next at-bat?
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8.2 Union, Intersection and Complement of Events, Odds
1. Suppose two fair dice are thrown and the sum of the dots on each die is recorded. Find the probability of each:
a) The sum is 5.
b) The sum is a 4 or a 7.
c) The sum is an 8 or is an even number.
d) The sum is a 3 and an odd number.
e) What are the odds in favor of the sum being a 7?

2. Suppose a coin is tossed 3 times in succession. Find the probability of obtaining the results in each of the following.
a) 3 heads
b) 0 heads
c) at least one tail
d) exactly 1 head
e) What are the odds against getting all tails?

3. An assembly plant produces 40 outboard motors, including 6 that are defective. The quality control department
selects 10 at random from the 40 produced for testing. The plant will be shut down for troubleshooting if 1 or more in
the sample are found to be defective. What is the probability that the plant will be shut down?

4. In a certain town, 20% of people commute to work by bus. If a person is selected at random from the town, what are
the odds of selecting someone who commutes by bus?

5. A box contains 7 red balls and 3 white balls. Two balls are to be drawn in succession without replacement. What is
the probability that they will both be red?

6. From a survey of 1000 university students, a market research company found that 750 students owned a laptop, 450
owned cars, and 350 owned cars and laptops. If a university student is selected at random, what is the empirical
probability that (A) a student owns either a car or laptop? (B) the student does not own a car?

7. The table below gives information from a registration Online Face2Face Total
event before the beginning of the semester. Students Yes 32 66 98
were asked if a coffee kiosk should be added to campus if it No 50 32 82
would raise their overall tuition by $1.79 each semester. Don’t Know 12 8 20
Whether the student was registering for an online class, or
a Face-to-Face class was also recorded. Total 104 96 200

Suppose you encounter a student at random:

a. What is the probability that you will meet an online c. What is the probability that you meet a student who
student? responded “NO”?

b. What is the probability you meet a Face-to-Face d. What is the probability you do not meet a Face-to-
student who responded “YES”? Face student who responded “YES”?
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8.3 Conditional Probability, Intersection
1. In a study to determine frequency and dependency of color-blindness relative to females and males, 1,000 people
were chosen at random, and the following results were recorded:

Female, F Male, M Totals

Colored-Blind C 2 24 26
Normal N 518 456 974
Totals 520 480 1,000
Suppose a person is chosen at random. Find the empirical probability of each of the following.

a) What is the probability that the person is a female or is normal?

b) What is the probability that the person is color-blind and male?
c) What is the probability that a person is a man, given that the person is color-blind?
d) What is the probability that a person is color-blind, given that the person is female?

2. Suppose two balls are drawn in succession out of a box containing 4 red and 3 white balls. Let Ri be the event that
the ith ball is red and let Wi be the event that the ith ball is white.

a) Construct a probability tree for this experiment if the first ball was not replaced before the second draw.
b) Using your probability tree, find P(R1∩R2)
c) Using your probability tree, find P(W1∩R2)
d) Using your probability tree, find P(W2IR1)
1 2 3 4 5 6

Suppose two fair dice are rolled and the possible outcomes are 1 1, 1 1, 2 1, 3 1, 4 1, 5 1, 6
displayed in the table. Find the following probabilities.
2 2, 1 2, 2 2, 3 2, 4 2, 5 2, 6
3. P(sum of 5)
3 3, 1 3, 2 3, 3 3, 4 3, 5 3, 6

4 4, 1 4, 2 4, 3 4, 4 4, 5 4, 6
4. P(same number or sum greater than 8)
5 5, 1 5, 2 5, 3 5, 4 5, 5 5, 6

6 6, 1 6, 2 6, 3 6, 4 6, 5 6, 6
5. What are the odds of getting the same number on both rolls?

Find the probabilities by referring to the tree diagram below. C

.2
(
6. P C A )
A C’
.4 .8

7. P ( B  C ' ) .3 C
.6 B

8. P ( C ) .7
C’
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8.5 Random Variable, Probability Distribution and Expected Value
1 Suppose that at each birth, having a girl is not as likely as having a boy. The probability assignments for the number of
girls in a 3-child family are approximated empirically from past records and are given in the table.
Number of Girls
xi p(xi) What is the expected number of girls in a 3-child family?
0 .15
1 .36
2 .35
3 .14

2. Below are all the gender birth order combinations for a family with four GGGG GGGB GGBB GBBB BBBB
children. Each combination is equally likely. GGBG GBGB BGBB
GBGG BBGG BBGB
a. Use the table below to create a probability distribution for the BGGG GBBG BBBG
BGBG
number of girls in a 4-child family.
BGGB
# Of Girls

Probability

b. The probabilities in the distribution should total to ______.

c. Using the table, what is the expected number of girls in a 3-child family?

3. A car agency has found the daily demand to be as shown in the table.

Number of customers 7 8 9 10 11

Probability 0.10 0.20 0.40 0.20 0.10

Find the expected number of customers.

4. Mr. Cameron is sponsoring a summer concert. He estimates that he will make $300,000 if it does not rain and make
$60,000 if it does rain. The weather bureau predicts the chance of rain is 0.34 for the day of the concert. What are Mr.
Cameron’s expected concert earnings?

Earning

probability

5. You draw a single card from a standard 52-card deck. If the card is an ace, you win $100, otherwise you lose $2.
a) Write out the probability distribution for this game.

b) What is the expected value of the game to you?

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Answers
7.2
1. a) 44 b) 84 c) 28 d) 10 e) 94

2 . a) {5} b) {4,5, 6,8,9,10} c) {1, 2,3, 4, 6, 7,9,10,11} d) finite e) disjoint: A  B = ∅

3. A. 2 B. 45 C. 83

4. a. b.
L T

Laptop No L Total
Tablet 70 50 120 25
70 50
No T 25 5 30
Total 95 55 150
5
c. 120 d. 145 e. 25 f. 70 g. 5

7.3

1. A) 800 viewers B) 300 viewers C) 700 viewers D) 200 viewers

2. 120 possible apartments 3.

4. 8  S, B M,B L, B XL, B S, R M,R L, R XL, R

5.

6. 1 ∙ 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1 = 6 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤

7. 50 total students – 30 students that like red = 20 that do not like red
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7.4

9! 9!
1. 5! = 120 2. 3024 3. 70 4. 9 C4
= = 126 =
5. 9 P4 = 3024
4!(9 − 4)! (9 − 4)!

5!
=
6. a) 5 P5 = 120 b) 7 P3 = 210 c) 12 C4 = 495 d) 10 P3 = 720
(5 − 5)!

7. a) 13 C4 ⋅ 39 C1 = 715 ⋅ 39 = 27,885 b) 26 C2 ⋅ 13 C2 ⋅ 13 C1 = 325 ⋅ 78 ⋅13 = 329,550

8. every way except if there are 4 heads. Therefore, 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 = 16 − 1 = 15ways

9. A 4-person grievance committee is selected out of 2 departments, A and B, with 15 and 20 people, respectively.

In how many ways can the following committees be selected?

a) 3 from A and 1 from B b) 2 from A and 2 from B

a) 15 C3 ⋅ 20 C1 = 455 ⋅ 20 = 9100 b) 15 C2 ⋅ 20 C2 = 105 ⋅190 = 19,950

0 1365=
c) 15 C4 ⋅ 20 C= ⋅1 1365 d) 35 C4 = 52,360

e) 3 from A (1 from B) OR 4 from A (none from B) = 15 C3 ⋅ 20 C1 + 15 C4 ⋅ 20 C0 = 9100 + 1365 = 10, 465

8.1
1. S={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
C ⋅ C ⋅ C
2. a) 29 C10 = 20, 030, 010 b) 16 C6 ⋅ 8 C2 ⋅ 5 C2= 8008 ⋅ 28 ⋅10= 2, 242, 240 c) 16 6 8 2 5 2 = 0.112
29 C10
3. P(28) = 1/28 4. 1/3
C ⋅ C C
5. a) 13 C3 ⋅ 13 C2 = 286 ⋅ 78 = 22,308 b) 13 3 13 2 = 0.0086 c) 26 C5 = 65, 780 d) 26 5 = 0.0253
52 C5 52 C5
1
6. = 0.000000057 7. 0.813 = 0.531 8. a) 12/30 = 2/5=0.4 b) 18/30 = 3/5 = 0.6
26 ⋅103
3

8.2
1. a) 1/9 b) 1/4 c) 1/2 d) 1/18 e) 1:5 odds (text uses 1/5 notation)

2. a) 1/8 b) 1/8 c) 7/8 d) 3/8 e) 7:1 odds (text uses: 7/1 notation)
C
3. 1 − 34 10 ≈ 0.8453
40 C10

4. 1:4 5. 7/15 6. A) 0.85 B) 0.55

7. a. 104/200 = 13/25 = 0.52 b. 66/200 = 33/100 = 0.33 c. 82/200 = 41/100 = 0.41 d. 134/200 = 67/100 = 0.67
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8.3
1. a) 0.976 b) 0.024 c) 0.923 d) 0.00385

2. a) b) 2/7 c) 2/7 d) 1/2

3. 1/9 4. 7/18 5. 1:5 6. 0.2 7. 0.42 8. .08+.18 = 0.26

8.5

1. 1.48 girls

2. a.
# Of Girls 0 1 2 3 4

Probability 1/16 4/16=1/4 6/16=3/8 4/16=1/4 1/16

b. 1/16+4/16+6/16+4/16+1/16= 16/16 = 1 c. The expected number of girls is 2 over many families of 4.

3. 9

4. $218,400

5. a) b) $5.85
x $100 -$2
P(x) 1/13 12/13