CHAPTER-2 BINARY SYSTEM (Short Questions)

(12-times)

8.

Ans: A number system is the system for representation of numeric data. There are

four types of number system in computer. These are

Binary Number System Octal Number System

Decimal Number System

What is number system?

1.

Hexadecimal Number System We all are familiar with decimal number system where each number
consists of digits from 0 to 9. In a computer system, other number systems are also used.

2. What is decimal number system?

(7-times)

Ans: The number system we use in our daily life is the decimal number system. The decimal number
system has base 10 as it uses ten digits [0-9]. Each position represents a specific power of base 10.
892=8x 102 +9 x 101 +2 x

Example: The binary value of the letter 'A' is 01000001 and its decimal value
1247=1x 103 +2 x 102 +4 x 101 +7 x 10°

. What is binary number system?

: Binary number system has base 2 as all the numbers in this system consist of only two digits i.e. 0 and
1. Digital computers use this system to store

4.What is Hexadecimal number system

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5.

Ans: It consists of 10 digits and 6 alphabets.

Hexadecimal system has total 16

Numbers, Le. 0,1 2,3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9,A, B, C, D, EF

Where A 10, B 11, C-12, D 13, E 14 and F-15 Write steps to convert Decimal Number System to Binary
Number System

Ans: To convert a decimal number to binary, we divide the number by 2 and take quotient and
remainder. We continue dividing the quotient by 2 until we get quotient 0.
We write out all the remainders in reverse order to obtain the value in

Binary.

6. Convert 15610 (156 in decimal) to binary Ans:

(8-times)

2 156

2 780

39

19

-1

121 9 -1

<-1

12 14
22

<-0

2 -1

(10011100)2

7. Write steps to convert Binary Number System to Decimal Number System.

(3-times)

Ans: The conversion of a number from binary number system to decimal number system is explained
below with the help of an example. Example: Convert (1000001); to decimal

= 1x 26 +0x 25 +0x 24 +ox 23 +0x 22 +0x21+1x 2”

=64+0+0+0+0+0+1

=(65)10 8. Write steps to convert Hexadecimal Number System into Binary Number System.

(2 times)

Ans: To convert a hexadecimal number to binary, simply convert each hexadecimal digit to four digits
binary value. To find the four digits binary value, see the following Table.
22

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Convert (A23)16 (A23 in hexadecimal) to binary. in this number, there are three hexadecimal digits.
Binary of each digit is given

(5-times)

Ans:

For A, the binary value is 1010 For 2, the binary value is 0010

For 3, the binary value is 0011 By combining all the binary values, we get

So, (A23)(101000100010,

. Writ steps to Convert Binary Number System to Hexadecimal Number System. This conversion is also
very easy with the help of Table. The given binary

10

number, we start making groups of four digits from right to left and replace every group with a
hexadecimal digit.

Ans:
Convert (11000001): to hexadecimal: The four digit binary groups in this binary number are given below

(2-times)

11. Ans:

where each group has four binary digits.

For 1100, the hexadecimal is C For 0001 the hexadecimal is 1

So, (11000001)2=(C1)16 While making groups from right to left, if the left group has less than 4 binary
digits then we simply add Os on the left. For example, 1010011has groups 1010011 and by a ding one 0
on the left, it becomes

12. Define Memory

01010011.

Ans: Computer memory is any physical device capable of storing there are following two types of
memory.

(14-times) data. Primarily

Volatile Memory

Non-Volatile Memory 13. What is Volatile Memory (Primary Storage)?/Why RAM is

called volatile

Ans: Memory.
(6-times) to it, is

A device which holds data as long as it has power supply connected

called Volatile Memory. Its best example is Random Access Memory (RAM),

which holds memory only as long as it is connected to power source. As

cleared.

soon as the power supply is disconnected, all the data in RAM is 14. What is Non-Volatile Memory
(Secondary Storage)? (12-times) Ans: P e which can hold data even if it is not connected to any power
source,

s called Non Volatile Memory. The typical examples for Non Volatile Memory are hard drives, flash drives
and memory cards installed in cell phones. Even if you turn off your PC, the data in your hard drive or
flash drive stays intact. Differentiate between memory and storage.

Memory

Storage

Place where an application loads its data Usually the place where data is stored

(5 Times)

during processing

Temporary storage device

for long or short term.

Permanent storage device

Greater in size

Lesser in size

High accessing speed It is called primary memory

Low accessing speed It is called secondary memory

16. Differentiate between Bit and Byte?

(11-times)

The smallest amount of data to be stored in computer's memory is a 0 or 1. It is called a bit. A collection
of eight bits is called a byte. At least one byte is required

Ans:

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17.
18. Ans: A collection

To store any piece of information in a computer’s storage. On both primary and

Secondary storage devices, data is stored in the form of bytes What is kilo byte?

Of 1024 Bytes is called one kilo byte (KB). Le. 1 KB-1024 Bytes Differentiate between Mega Byte and Giga
Byte.

(2 times) Ans: A collection of 1024 Kilo Bytes is called one Megabyte (MB). i.e. 1 MB-1024 Kilo

Bytes.

A collection of 1024 Mega Bytes is called one Giga byte (GB). i.e. 1 GB-1024 Megabytes Differentiate
between Tera Byte and Peta Byte.

19. Ans: A collection of 1024 Giga Bytes is called one Tera byte (TB). i.e. 1 TB-1024 Giga

Bytes

A collection of 1024 Tera Bytes is called one Peta byte (PB). i.e. 1 PB-1024 Tera

Bytes

(7-times) example, the

20.

Define Boolean Proposition. A proposition is a sentence that can either be true or False. For
Following sentences are propositions.

1. “Someone from our school can join Pakistani Cricket Team” 2. “I will get A+ grade in board exam”

2. “I play chess”.

But the following sentences are not propositions

1. How are you? 2. Close the door.

2. Is it hot outside?

21. Ans:

Who gave the idea of Boolean Algebra? George Boole gave the idea of Boolean Algebra in his book
thoughts”.

(3 Times)

The laws of

What are Truth Values? Give example

(10-times)

Ans: Every proposition takes one of two values true or False, and these values are called the truth values.
Truth value is given on the basis of truthfulness or
Falsity of a proposition. Example:

Assume P=”Islamabad is the capital of Pakistan”. You can assign the truth

Value true to this proposition.

Logical Operators (AND, OR, NOT)

23. What is compound preposition?

(7-times)

Ans: Sometimes we assemble more than one propositions to make one proposition

Called a compound proposition. Truth value of the compound proposition depends upon the truth
values of the individual propositions and the

Logical operator used to connect the propositions, What are logical operators?

24. Ans:

(4 Times)

Logical operators are used to connect propositions. There are three logical

Operators. These are (i) AND

(i) OR
 (ii) NOT

25. Ans:

What is AND Operator?

(3-times)

If we use “AND” operator to connect two or more propositions, then the

Compound proposition is true only if all the connected propositions are true. AND operator can also be
denoted by a dot”.” Symbol. It means that P AND Q may also be written as P.Q.

26. What is OR Operator?

(4-times)

Ans: We can use “OR” operator to connect two or more propositions. In case of OR operator, the
compound proposition is true if at least one proposition is true. In other words, the compound
proposition is false only if all the propositions are

22.

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False OR operator can also be denoted by a plus “+” symbol. It means that P OR Q may also be written as
P+Q. Ans: The logical operator “NOT” is not a connector but it is used to negate a proposition. For
example, if P= “Today is Monday” then NOT(P) means “Today

(2 times)

27. What is NOT Operator?

Is not Monday” So, with NOT operator a True value becomes false and vice

Versa. NOT operator “-“ What is Truth Table? /Write the uses of truth table

28. . Ans: A truth table is used to check whether a proposition is True or False. Usually it is used to check
the truth value of a proposition where some logical operator is used.

(5-times)

29.

Differentiate between “AND” and “OR” operators. Ans: If we use “AND” operator to connect two or more
propositions, then the compound proposition is true only if all the connected propositions are true. In
case of “OR” operator the compound proposition is false only if all the propositions are False.

30. Make a Truth Table for AND operator.

(12-times)

P
Q

PAND Q

TF

FF

(5-times)

31. Make a Truth Table for OR operator.

P
POR Q

TT

TF

F 32. Make a Truth Table for NOT operator.

(3-times)

NOT (P)

T
F

33.

What are Logical Expressions?

(6-times)

Ans: We get a logical expression when some logical operator is applied to the Boolean proposition(s). For
example, PAND Q-(POR Q) etc. 34. Make a truth table of NOT (P) AND Q

(4 Times)

25

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35. Difference between volatile and Non-Volatile Memory

(9-times)

Volatile Memory
Non-Volatile Memory

Volatile memory is temporary.

Non-volatile memory is permanent

Data is lost as it is powered-off

Data remains stored even if it is

Powered-off

Volatile memory is faster than non- Non-volatile memory is slower.

Volatile memory

Volatile memory has low storage capacity

Non-Volatile memory has high storage capacity

Volatile memory has high impact on Non-volatile memory has no impact

System’s performance. Volatile memory is costly.

On system’s performance. Non-volatile memory is cheap.

RAM is an example of Volatile

ROM is an example of Non-Volatile Memory

Memory

36. Store the word “Phone” in computer memory starting from address 7003

Where each letter needs one byte to store in the memory. Ans:

Memory Location

Occupied Space

Character

7003 7004

1 byte

“p”

1 byte

“h”

7005

1 byte

7006
1 byte

7007

1 byte

37. Write the truth table for X AND Y where

X= It is sunny Y Today is Monday

Ans:

X = It is sunny

Y = Today is Monday

X AND Y (X. Y)

True

True

True

True

False

False
False

True

False

False

False

False

38. Perform the following conversions

1. (ABCD Sol:

) to binary

(ABCD) = (?)2

(Als (1010)

(B)16 (1011)

©16 (1100)2

(D) (1101)
So,

(ABCD) (1010101111001101)

2. (0010110010001101001)2 to hexadecimal Sol:

(0010110010001101001) =

(?)

26

39. Ans: What is commutative law of Boolean algebra? The commutative law states that the order of
application of two separate propositions is not important. It means that the order in which two variables
in a

40.

Ans:

41. What is identity law of Boolean algebra? Ans: The identity law works with two operators AND and OR
it states that a variable OR’ ed with 0 (false) is always equal to that variable. Similarly a variable AND’ed
with 1 (True) is always equal to that variable.

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(01) (1) (0110) (6) (0100) (4) So, (0010110010001101001), (16469)

(0110) (6)s. (1001)-(9)16

(5 Times)

Boolean expression are calculated does not change its result. What is distributive law of Boolean
algebra?

(4 Times)

The distributive law is the most important law in Boolean algebra. It involves in two operators AND and
OR

(4 Times)

42. What is Data Representation in Computer Memory?

(2 times)

Ans: Digital computers store data in binary form. It means that whether it is a text,

Picture, movie or some application, it is stored in computer’s memory in the

Form of Os and 1s. All the characters on your keyboard has an associated code

In binary. What is ASCII?

43. Ans: ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is a de-facto
standardfor representation of data inside computer’s memory.

(3 times)
2022

44. Ans: Binary Number System:

Different between binary and decimal numbers.

Binary number system consists of two digits 0 and 1. Each digit or bit in binary number system can be 0
or 1. The position of each digit in binary number system

Represent a power of base 2. Decimal Number System:

Decimal number system is commonly used in our daily life. Its base is 10 as it consist of 10 digits 0-9.
These digits can be used to represent any numeric value. 45. Draw Truth table. For X and Y X = Today is
Friday, Y = It is very Cold today.

Ans:

X and Y

F
F

46. Write Name any Four Storage devices:

Ans:

RAM, Hard disk,

CD,

USB Flash drives

47. Convert (1000001), in decimal.

Ans: (1000001)-(?)10

=1x2+0x2+0x2+0x2’ +0x2 +0x2+1x2°

(3 times)

=1x64+0+0+0+0+0+1x1

=64+1
=65

(1000001)2(65)20

Give any four examples of storage devices.

Ans:

Hard disk,

CD,

RAM, USB

48.

(8 times)

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How date is stored in digital computers. Data is stored in digital computers in the form of bits (Os and is).
Draw a compound proposition table for P+Q+ not (P).
56. Ans:

57.

Ans

PQ not(P)

Oot P

P.Q

Convert (A23)s into binary.

58.

Ans: (423)-(1010),

(2), -(0010),

(3)(0011),

So. (423), (101000100011),

(1024) hexadecimal convert in decimal number system.

59.
Ans: 1x16+0x16+2x16+4x16

=1x4096+0x256+2×16+4x1

=4096+0+32+4

=4096+36

-4132

So, (1024),(4132),

60. Ans:

Convert (357) in hexadecimal numbers system.

How is data represented in computer?

Ans

62.

Digital computers store data in the form of Os and 1s. All the characters on your keyboard has an
associated code in binary known as ASCII code. Convert (999) into hexadecimal number system.

Draw table to prove: A.B=B.A

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64.

Convert (10011) into decimal number system.

Ans: 1x2+0x2’+0x2+1x2+1x2

=1x16+0x8+0x4+1x2+1x1

-16+0+0+2+1

-19

So, (10011),(19)

65.

Write ASCII code of any two numbers.

Ans:
48 and 49 for 0 and 1 respectively.

66. Convert (1101101), into decimal numbers system. =1x2+1x2+0x2’ +1x2’ +1x2 +0x2’ +1x2”

=128+46+0+8+4+0+1

Ans:

192+8+5 =205

So, (1101101),-(205),

67.

Write down the negative proposition. “Today is holiday”

Ans:

“Today is not holiday”.

68.

(7) convert into Binary system?

Ans:

27

23-1
21-1

0-1

(7)=(0111),

69.

Prove that: (A.B).C=A.(B.C)

Ans:

B.

(A.B)

B.C

(A.B).C

A.(B.C)

F
F

F
T

TF

T T T T 70. How hexadecimal numbers system is converted into decimal number

System.

Ans
: To convert to decimal multiply each place value by the corresponding powers of 16. Start this process
by writing the powers of 16 next to the digits of a hexadecimal number system.

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2023

71.

Convert (69610) to hexadecimal.

Ans

16

69610

16 4350-A

16

271-E 16-F

16
16

1-0

16

0-1

(69610),(10FEO)

72. Ans.

Prove that x+y=y+x.

X+Y

Y+X

T
T

TF

Proved that

X+Y=Y+X

73.

Convert (1001100), into decimal number system.

Ans.

(1001100), 1x2+0x2+0x2+12+12+0x2+0x2

=1x64+0x32+0x16+1x8+1x4+0x2+0x1

=64+0+0+8+4+0+0

=76

(1001100), =7610

74.

Convert (AB), into binary number system.

A=1010, B=1011

Ans.

(AB)=(10101011),

75.

Convert (1000001), to decimal.

Ans.

(1000001), = 1x2 +0x2’ +0x2’ +0x2’ +0x2² +0x2’ +1x2°

=64+0+0+0+0+0+1

-(65)

76.

Write four examples of storage devices.

Ans. RAM, Hard disk, CD, USB Flash Drive, etc.

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77.

Prove that A+B-B+A with truth table.

Ans.

A+B

8+A

T
T

A+B=B+A

Proved that

What is meant by Plug and Play devices?

An external storage device is a plug and play device.i.e, we just plug it to some port and

78.

Ans.

Start using it without turning off a computer.

79.

Write down the method to convert decimal number into binary number. To convert a decimal number to
binary, we divide the number by 2 and take quotient

And remainder. We continue dividing the quotient by 2 until we get quotient 0.We write out all

The remainders in reverse order to obtain the value in binary.

Convert (1011), into decimal number system.

Ans.

80.

Ans.

(1011), 1x2+0x2+12+12”

=1x8+0x4+1x2+1x1

=8+0+2+1

81.

Convert (110101111), to Hexadecimal.

Ans.

The group in this binary number are given below where each group has maximum four

Binary digits.

The left most group has only 1 binary digit and by adding Os, we get

We replace each group with the respective hexadecimal and get:

1AF.

So, (110101111),(14F),