EXAMING THE BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES FACED BY MIDDLE

AGED CITIZEN DUE TO USAGE OF SMART PHONES ( POST-COVID) –

A RESEARCH PROJECT
PROJECT REPORT

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Submitted by

S.NANDHINI-2213711096033

II BBA SHIFT 1 ( BATCH 2022-2025)

Under the guidance of

Ms. Sangeetha Manoj, M.B.A

Head of the Department

Department of Management Studies ( B.B.A SHIFT 1)

MOP VAISHNAV COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (AUTONOMOUS)

CHENNAI-600034

2023-2024
 INDEX
CHAPTER NO. CONTENTS PAGE NO.

1 INTRODUCTION

ABOUT THE TOPIC

REVIEW OF
LITERATURE
NEED FOR THE
STUDY
SCOPE OF THE
STUDY

2 RESEARCH
OBJECTIVES
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE
SECONDARY
OBJECTIVE

3 RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
AND DESIGN
TYPE OF RESEARCH
RESEARCH
APPROACH
RESEARCH GAP

SOURCES OF DATA

SAMPLING PLAN
i)Population and
sampling unit
 ii)sample size

iii)sampling procedure
MODE OF DATA
COLLECTION
DATA COLLECTION
INSTRUMENT
DESIGN AND
PRETESTING OF
QUESTIONNAIRE
TOOLS AND
TECHNIQUES USED
FOR ANALYSIS

4 LIMITATIONS OF THE
STUDY
5 DATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION
6 FINDINGS

7 RECOMMENDATIONS

8 CONCLUSION

9 BIBLIOGRAPHY

10 ANNEXURES

QUESTIONNAIRE
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
 NAME : S.NANDHINI

CLASS: II BBA SHIFT 1

REGISTER NUMBER: 2213711096033

Usage Of Smart Phones By Middle-Aged Citizens Post-Covid:

Benefits And Challenges

INTRODUCTION:

Intelligent phones have become an integral part of human life. With the evolution of mobile

communication from 1g to 5g, there is also an increase in the frequency of the radiation used

for communication. The covid-19 crisis had by a rapid digital and technological advancement

revolution. Lockdown periods trigger work from home and phone usage for entertainment

purposes. while social activities and interaction with friends and family moved online. The

frequency of communication on mobile phones falls in the range of 900 MHZ to 2.5 GHZ. The

radiation from the mobile device can affect their memory and cognition. Due to the vast growth

of mobile phone users throughout the world at a fast pace, the effect of mobile phone radiation

on human health is of great concern. Currently, the outbreak of covid-19 has caused several

organizations to be shut down and instructed to do work from home. Long-term exposure to

these radiations may cause some dangerous and inevitable changes in the systems of human

beings, which could cause irreversible loss of brain function. Older adults faced significant

challenges during this period. Firstly, they to experience health consequences due to constant

phone usage, especially teachers taking online classes, even though they were unaware of using

them. Many middle-aged adults struggled as people turned to digital means to stay in touch

with friends and healthcare

ABOUT THE TOPIC:

Each of us has encountered obstacles while deriving pleasure from the diverse functionalities

of smartphones in our everyday routines. The use of smartphones can be seen as both beneficial

and detrimental. They are a valuable asset, contributing to the development of our wisdom and

proficiency. We should address the liability incurred for various health conditions, including

eye irritation, impaired concentration, fatigue, and other related issues. The focus of this

research is on the benefits and challenges encountered by individuals in the 30-50 age group.

The primary objective of this study is to analyze the advantages and difficulties experienced

by middle-aged individuals residing in Chennai. The results yield extensive information

regarding the comparative advantages and disadvantages, as well as the gender that has voiced

their concerns more prominently.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

Life after lockdown: The experiences of older adults in a contactless digital

world, Front. Psychol., 13 January 2023.

The COVID-19 crisis evoked a shift towards the digitalization of technology, with online
interactions becoming the norm during lockdowns. Older adults have encountered significant
challenges navigating this contactless digital world. Our study and related literature explore
the specific hurdles faced by older individuals in this rapidly changing digital environment.
We examine the extent to which these changes disadvantaged older adults, how they
experienced this disadvantage, and whether it influenced their inclination to adopt new digital
technologies and skills.

.A Systematic Review of the Benefits and Challenges of Mobile Learning

During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Published: August 24, 2021

Following the covid-19 outbreak, teaching and learning have been forced to move fully to the
internet rather than the conventional offline medium. As a result, the consume of m-learning
has risen dramatically, which was neither expected or anticipated. The challenges and
benefits of such widespread usage are beginning to emerge in front of us. .As per our
findings, it was determined that m-learning has excellent potential to be an effective platform
for education provided that the identified shortcomings are resolved. Moreover, it reveals the
strengths and shortcomings that would aid in adjusting the relevant policies administered by
the institutions. Furthermore, application developers will be able to comprehend the expected
features that should be included in novel m-learning platforms

COVID-19 Challenge, Information Technologies, and Smart Cities:

Considerations for Well-Being Published: July 24, 2020

Coronavirus (COVID-19) raises an essential debate about implementing the ideas and
insights of smart technology in the fields of urban planning and design. This commentary
sheds light on considerations and challenges in the area of knowledge in these fields as
consequences of the recent pandemic. The concluded remarks cover isues with a specific
focus on accelerating the digital transformation in education and a typo-morphological
analysis that ends with revisiting the norms and standards of social distancing. Besides, this
commentary recommends research directions to follow after the pandemic recedes, tackling
the multidisciplinarity between fields of specialization.

Socially Distanced or socially connected? Well-being through ICT usage

among the Indian elderly during COVID-19. First published online on
March 24, 2021

The ageing of the national population along with the rapid diffusion of technological
innovations necessitate it to turn our attention to the significance of considering the adoption
of technology by the indian elderly. The impact of social distancing and the role of
technology on the everyday lives of the older people during the pandemic remain under-
researched.Results of the qualitative in-depth interviews conducted on 30 professionals aged
at least 60 years, residing in a metropolitan city in eastern india show that as the participants
feel isolated, apart from focusing on their impetus to adopt ict, the study highlights the blocks
in active usage of ict namely attitudinal barriers, prior negative experience, concerns over
cyber security, complicated technical instructions and lack of supportive learning
environment. In order to create a technologically inclusive society for the older people, it is
essential to cater to their unique needs and design elderly friendly technologies.

Mobile Technology Support for the Assessment and Management of the

COVID-19 Outbreak: Benefits and Challenges Chinazunwa Uwaoma,
Clement C. Aladi
Copyright: © 2021

The early months of 2020 saw a rapid increase in the adoption of mHealth and telehealth
across the globe. The obvious reason is the sudden outbreak of coronavirus infectious disease
(COVID-19), which sent the entire world scrambling for solutions to contain and mitigate the
spread. Ordinarily, telehealth and mHealth are considered optional in most traditional
healthcare systems, even in developed countries, but today, these technologies have become
the most sought-after tools required to augment the overwhelmed healthcare systems
orchestrated by COVID-19. Mobile technology in particular has continued to play important
roles in the monitoring, surveillance, and assessment of the outbreak in so many ways. This
chapter offers a window into the different ways mHealth and telemedicine are used to provide
healthcare services and disease management, as well as the challenges in the implementation
of these technologies as the world braces for the devastating effects of COVID-19.

Digitalizing Teaching and Learning in Light of Sustainability in Times of

the Post-Covid-19 Period: Challenges, Issues, First Online: April 29, 2023

Most educational institutions were caught unprepared by the COVID-19 pandemic, which
forced millions of academicians and schools to dramatically change their methods of
instruction. For roughly 1.5 years, online learning was essential, and during this time, digital
education played a fundamental function in allowing instructors to instruct pupils remotely
utilizing a variety of digital platforms and technologies. The objectives of this present paper
are to explore the challenges, opportunities, and issues that come with digital education after
the COVID-19 outbreak. The present paper comes to the conclusion that the integration of
digital education into the educational system, the use of m-learning, more adaptable and
digital education methods, the review and redesign of national policies and curricula, the
improvement of institutional infrastructure, the development of educational resources, and the
improvement of students’ and teachers’ digital technology (and online pedagogy) skills are
all possibilities to explore.

Exploring the competing influences of privacy concerns and positive beliefs

on citizen acceptance of contact-tracing mobile applications Available
online on April 3, 2021; Version of Record: April 10, 2021

The continued proliferation of information technology in all aspects of our lives fosters
benefits but also generates risks to individuals' privacy. In emerging contexts, such as
government surveillance technologies, there is a dearth of research investigating the positive
and negative drivers of citizens' acceptance. This is an important gap given the importance of
citizen acceptance to the success of these technologies and the need to balance potentially
wide-reaching benefits with any dilution of citizen privacy. The study offers important
empirical and theoretical implications for the privacy literature in the government
surveillance, location-based services, and mobile health application contexts.

Sustainable, technological, and innovative challenges post-COVID-19 in the

health, economy, and education sectors. Available online on February 16,
2023; Version of Record: February 24, 2023.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused an evolution in the business use of big
data, artificial intelligence, and new technologies in general. The general objective of the
article is to assess how this process developed during the pandemic in the use and
standardization of big data, digitalization, and the use of data in the private sector and in
public administration, and to assess whether it has been used to modernize and digitalize the
post-pandemic society. The specific objectives of the article are: 1) the impact of new
technologies on society during confinement; 2) understanding the use of big data for the
creation of new products and businesses; and 3) assessing which businesses and companies
and from which economic sectors have emerged, which have been transformed, and which
have disappeared.

Progress towards enhanced access and use of technology during the

COVID-19 pandemic: A need to be mindful of the continued digital divide
for many rural and northern communities First published online on July
20, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic produced unprecedented adoption and deployment of technology

in rural and northern areas; however, this expansion widened the digital divide for many.
Evidence shows that older adults’ use of technology has increased. Emerging strategies used
by organizations to promote technology and support efforts to bridge and close the digital
divide are discussed. In a post-pandemic society, policymakers can play a critical role in
ensuring that improvements, efficiency gains, and lessons learned are fully leveraged to reap
the benefits of technology use by older adults, care partners, and the healthcare system.

COVID-19 sentiments in smart cities: The role of technology anxiety before

and during the pandemic Available online on August 17, 2021; Version of
Record: August 23, 2021

The spread of COVID-19 profoundly changed citizens' daily lives due to the introduction of
new modes of work. Although the relevance of new technologies as strategic levers for crisis
resolution has been widely debated since the pandemic, how individuals have agreed to
include the technological changes dictated by the pandemic in their daily interactions remains
an open question. This paper aims at detecting citizens' sentiment toward technology before
and after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic using fuzzy formal concept analysis
(FFCA) to analyze a large corpus of tweets. Specifically, citizens' attitudes in five cities
(Berlin, Dublin, London, Milan, and Madrid) were explored to extract and classify the key
topics related to the degree of confidence, familiarity, and approval of new technologies

Shared mobility in post-COVID era: New challenges and opportunities: 16

January 2021, Version of Record 26 January 2021.
This study is aimed at exploring the challenges and opportunities that the COVID-19
outbreak presents to the sustainability of shared mobility. To date, the sustainability of shared
mobility has received little attention in the literature, and this study determines its central
constructs that are critical to the sustainability of shared mobility. Feedback was obtained
from 18 international experts who are very knowledgeable regarding civil engineering and
shared mobility, initially finding 18 challenges and 18 opportunities. Finally, we identified 12
key constructs as highly critical to the sustainability of shared mobility. The current work is
an attempt to address gaps in exploring the challenges and opportunities that the COVID-19
outbreak has created in shared mobility, particularly when a comprehensive examination is
needed. This study will serve as an inspiration and catalog for new studies within this field.

NEED FOR STUDY:

This study has been undertaken to analyze the benefits and challenges faced by middle-aged
citizens due to mobile phone usage and to find out how many people are using smartphones
in their daily lives, And ways to overcome the excessive use of smart phones.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

Health and Well-Being: We can look into how smartphone usage affects the physical and
mental health of middle-aged citizens, including issues like eye irritation, inactive behavior,
sleep disturbances, and stress levels.

Work and Productivity: Exploring how smartphones will influence work habits and
productivity for middle-aged individuals, including increased flexibility and challenges such
as blurred vision.

Information Access and Digital Literacy: Examining how middle-aged citizens utilize
smartphones for accessing information such as news and services, and are they facing any
challenges in navigating the digital landscape?

RESEARCH GAP:

A research gap is defined as a question or problem that is unanswered by the researcher.

Here in this case, the research gap is finding out the benefits and challenges faced by middle-
aged citizens since smart phone usage is analysed only between teens from abroad and some
parts of India that are also pre-covid.

Here we are doing research among middle-aged citizens aged 30–50+, uncovering the
bitterness and sweetness of smart phone usage, which is conducted in Tamil Nadu,Chennai.
 CHAPTER 2&3
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
METHDOLOGY AND
DESIGN
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES:
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

✓ To find out the benefits and challenges faced by middle-aged citizens with phone
usage (post-COVID

✓ To find if there is any relationship between age and screen time of the smart phone

SECONDARY OBJECTIVE:

✓ To find out the impact of the middle-aged citizen on their health and other aspects.

✓ To provide solution to overcome increased usage of smart phones

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

TYPE OF RESEARCH:

This research concentrates on an analytical and quantitative analysis of the benefits and
challenges that middle-aged citizens encounter due to the use of smart phones post-pandemic.
It aims to understand how much time they invest in social media and the consequences for
their health. This field involves a variety of aspects, including analysing the psychology of
citizens and anthropology to study human behaviour.

RESEARCH APPROACH:

In this research, quantitative methods are used in order to scrutinize the data. As the data has
been obtained by conducting a survey to assess and analyse the benefits and challenges of
middle-aged citizens, it aims to understand the reasons for the consequences on individuals’
health.

SOURCES OF DATA:

The source of data that is analysed in this research is primary data collection, where a
questionnaire is drafted with 15 questions, including demographic profiles of the respondents.
The respondents are aged 30–50 and of various statuses, such as working, housewife, retired,
professional work, etc.
SAMPLING PLAN:

➢ POPULATION AND SAMPLING UNIT:

The population here refers to all the individuals or groups that are associated with the

research. In this case, it includes women and men of age 30–50+ residing in Tamil

Nadu, Chennai.

➢ SAMPLING SIZE:

Sample size refers to the number of observations or individual samples taken into

consideration to analyse the research.

In this case, the sample size is 63 Respondents.

➢ SAMPLING PROCEDURE:

In this case, non-random sampling is used, where the samples are selected based on
factors such as convenience for the researcher and not on probability.

The major reason for opting for non-random sampling is that

➢ Convenience
➢ Inexpensive cost
➢ Does not require a complete survey frame.

MODE OF DATA COLLECTION:

➢ Primary data collection is done through questionnaires.

➢ Secondary data collection is done through articles.

DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENT:

The data has been collected by conducting a questionnaire and sending it across our
family and friends and interpreting the results and including in this research .
DESIGNING AND PRE-TESTING OF QUESTIONAAIRE :

The purpose of the research is defined clearly by analyzing the benefits and challenges
faced by middle-aged citizens. . A meticulous review of the literature was done on this
research topic of Chennai citizens. target audiences were identified. Since the study talks
about middle-aged citizens, the target audience is aged 30–50+, both men and women. The
questions were structured and sent across to obtain responses.

A pilot test was also conducted for pretesting with a small group of the target audience.

TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES USED FOR ANALYSIS:

➢ Correlation analysis
➢ Statistical Tools ( Independent sample T-test)
➢ Mean age of respondents
➢ Modal value of age and gender
 CHAPTER 4
LIMITATIONS OF THE
STUDY
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:

➢ Time constraints:

Practical difficulties may limit the amount of time available to explore a research project.

Since there was a shortage of time, we were not able to reach a large target audience.

➢ Biased information

Bias takes place when individuals or groups are not randomized. The audience does
not have an equal chance to participate in the research.

➢ Sample Size

where the size of the sample is restricted only to 100 target respondents. Since we do not
have enough respondents to analyze the data, we cannot come to an exact conclusion.

➢ Reliability of the data

Since the sample size is smaller and it is based on non-random sampling, the reliability of the
data is not feasible, and the data can be biased.
 CHAPTER 5
DATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION
 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:

TABLE 5.1 SHOWS CATEGORIZATION OF RESPONDENTS BASED ON

THEIR AGE:

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

30-40 16 25.39%

40-50 23 36.50%

Above 50 24 38.09%

Total respondents
63

INFERENCE:

Table and figure 5.1 displays the age dispersion of respondents. The majority of
respondents, 38.09%, fall in the age group of Above 50 , followed by 36.50% in
age group of 40-50. A fewer proportion of respondents, 25.39% are aged 30-
40, This data provides demographics of the population surveyed, with the age
group of 50+ being the most prominent.
TABLE 5.2 SHOWS CLASSIFICATION OF RESPONDENTS BASED ON
GENDER :

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

FEMALE 37 58.73%
MALE 26 41.26%
Total Respondents 63

INFERENCE:

Table and figure 5.2 displays the classification of Respondents based on Gender
the majority of respondents 58.73% fall in the category of female, followed by
41.26% male. This data provides demographics of the population surveyed,
with the female gender to be the most prominent.
TABLE 5.3 SHOWS WORK MODE OF RESPONDENTS:

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Working 34 53.96%
House Wife 19 30.15%
Unemployed 1 1.58%
Retired 4 6.34%
Self Employed 1 1.58%
Professional Work 1 1.58%
Bharatanatyam and Yoga 1 1.58%
teacher
Student 1 1.58%
Run a small business 1 1.58%
Total Respondents 63

INFERENCE:

Table and figure 5.3 show the status of respondents. the largest group 53.96%
consist of working people while 30.15% are House wife, and 6.34% are retired.
The rest 1.58% are from various fields. This data provides insights of the
population surveyed, that the working people to be the most prominent.
TABLE 5.4 SHOWS THE AMOUNT OF TIME SPENT ON SMART
PHONES

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

2HRS 25 39.7%

2-4HRS 26 41.3%

Above 4 HRS 12 19%

Total respondents 63

INFERENCE:

Table and figure 5.4 displace the amount of time spent on smart phones by the
respondents. the majority of respondents of 41.3% spend 2-4 hrs followed by
39.7% spend 2hrs while a smaller proportion of respondents 19% spend above
4hrs. This data provides insights of the population surveyed, that 2-4hrs on
smart phones are to be the most prominent.
TABLE 5.5 SHOWS IF SMART PHONES APP HAS CONTRIBUTED TO
THEIR HEALTH AND FITNESS ROUTINES?

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Very Much 4 6.3%

Good 27 42.9%

Not Much 26 41.3%

Not At All 6 9.5%

Total respondents 63

INFERENCE:

Table and figure 5.5 displace that if smart phones app has contributed to their
health and fitness routines? .the majority of respondents of 42.9% says good
followed by 41.3% says not much while 9.5% and 6.3% says not at all and very
much respectively. This data provides insights of the population surveyed, that
people say is “ GOOD”.
TABLE 5.6 SHOWS IF THEY FACED ANY CHALLENGES IN
CONTROLLING THE AMOUNT OF TIME SPENT ON SOCIAL MEDIA
PLATFORMS?

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Yes 14 22.2%

No 35 55.6%

Maybe 14 22.2%

Total respondents 63

INFERENCE:

Table and figure 5.6 displace that if they faced any challenges in controlling
the amount of time spent on social media platforms?. The majority of
respondents of 55.6% says No, followed by 22.2% says yes and maybe. This
data provides insights of the population surveyed, that people say is ‘’NO’’ for
any challenges in controlling the amount of time spent on social media
platforms.
TABLE 5.7 SHOWS ARE THEY FACING NEGATIVE IMPACTS OR
DISTURBANCES IN THEIR SLEEP DUE TO USAGE OF SMART
PHONES?

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Yes 18 28.6%

No 45 71.4%

Total respondents 63

INFERENCE:

Table and figure 5.7 displace that are they facing negative impacts or
disturbances in your sleep due to usage of smart phones? .The majority of
respondents of 71.4% says No, followed by 28.6% says yes. This data provides
insights of the population surveyed, that people say is ‘’NO’’ to disturbances in
their sleep due to usage of smart phones.
TABLE 5.8 SHOWS IS THERE ANY BEEN ADDICTION OR
DEPENDENCE ON SMART PHONES IN POST PANDEMIC

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Highly Addictive 4 6.3%

Addictive 12 19%

Moderately Addictive 17 27%

Neutral 21 33.3%

Not at all 9 14.3%

Total respondents 63

INFERENCE:

Table and figure 5.8 displace that has there been addiction or dependence on
smart phones in post pandemic .The majority of respondents of 33.3% Neutral
followed by 27% moderately, 19% Addictive, 14.3% Not at all and 9.5%
Highly Addictive. This data provides insights of the population surveyed, that
people are Neutral in addiction of smart phones .
TABLE 5.9 SHOWS IS THERE ANY PHYSICAL HEALTH ISSUES
ASSOCIATED WITH PROLONGED USE OF SMART PHONES?
CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Headache 17 27%
Migranie 1 1.6%
Eye Irritation 17 27%
Fatigue 5 7.9%
Losing Concentration 6 9.5%
Wrist Swelling 1 1.6%
Hand pain 1 1.6%
Pain in shoulder 1 1.6%
No 4 6.3%
Others 10 15.8%

Total respondents 63

INFERENCE:

Table and figure 5.9 displace that is there any physical health issues associated
with prolonged use of smart phones .The majority of respondents of 27% says
they have experienced Headache and Eye irritation, 15% of other such as not
used so much, followed by 9.5% says the lose concentration , 7.9% of fatigue.
This data provides insights of the population surveyed, that people are highly
experience Headache and Eye irritation.
TABLE 5.10 SHOWS THAT ARE THEY FINDING NET BANKING AND
OTHER FACILITIES ( SUCH AS TAX PAYMENTS AND EB BILLS )
USEFUL FOR FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS?

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Yes 54 85.7%
No 2 3.2%
Maybe 5 7.9%
Barely 2 3.2%
Total respondents 63

INFERENCE:

Table and figure 5.10 displace that are they finding net banking and other
facilities ( such as tax payments and eb bills ) useful for financial
transactions.The majority of respondents of 85.7% says Yes ,7.9%
Maybe,followed by 3.2% says No and Barely , This data provides insights of
the population surveyed, that people find net banking useful.
TABLE 5.11 SHOWS IF AVAILABILITY OF NAVIGATION APPS ( SUCH
AS GOOGLE MAPS) ON SMARTPHONE MADE TRAVELLING MORE
CONVENIENT FOR THEM
CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Strongly Disagree 2 3.2%
Disagree 16 25.4%
Neutral 11 17.5%
Agree 34 54%

Strongly agree 16 25.4%

Total respondents 63

INFERENCE:

Table and figure 5.11 displace that if availability of navigation apps ( such as
google maps) on smartphone made travelling more convenient for them. The
majority of respondents of 54% find it convenient and 25.4% agree that it had
made travel easier ,followed by 3.2% who completely disagree. This data
provides insights of the population surveyed, where majority people find
navigation apps useful.
TABLE 5.12 SHOWS IF SMART PHONES HAVE PLAYED A VITAL ROLE
IN PEOPLE'S ABILITY TO ACCESS AND PARTICIPATE IN VIRTUAL
EVENTS AND ACTIVITIES.
CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Strongly Disagree Nil Nil
Disagree 1 1.6%
Neutral 14 22.2%
Agree 30 47.6%

Strongly agree 18 28.6%

Total respondents 63

INFERENCE:

Table and figure 5.12 displace that if smart phones have played a vital role in
people's ability to access and participate in virtual events and activities.The
majority of respondents of 47.6% agree , 28.6% Strongly Agree,followed by
22.2% who are Neutral. This data provides insights of the population surveyed,
where majority people just agree that they are able to access and participate in
virtual events and activities.
TABLE 5.13 SHOWS IF SMART PHONES HAVE IMPROVED YOUR
ACCESSIBILITY TO ONLINE SHOPPING AND E-COMMERCE
PLATFORMS
CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Strongly Disagree 1 1.6%
Disagree NIL NIL
Neutral 7 11.1%
Agree 32 50.8%

Strongly agree 23 36.5%

Total respondents 63

INFERENCE:

Table and figure 5.13 displace that if smart phones have improved your
accessibility to online shopping and e-commerce platforms. The majority of
respondents of 50.8% agree, 36.5% Strongly Agree, followed by 11.1% who are
Neutral. This data provides insights of the population surveyed, where majority
people just agree that they think smart phones have have improved your
accessibility to online shopping and e-commerce platforms.
TABLE 5.14 SHOWS IF SMART PHONES USE HAS LET TO A
DECREASE IN THEIR OVERALL ATTENTION SPAN OR ABILITY TO
FOCUS ON TASKS

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Yes 15 23.8%

No 24 38.1%

Maybe 24 38.1%

Total respondents 63

INFERENCE:

Table and figure 5.14 displace that if smart phones use has let to a decrease in
you overall attention span or ability to focus on tasks. The majority of
respondents of 38.1% say No and Maybe, followed by 23.8% says Yes. This
data provides insights of the population surveyed, where majority people say
no to decrease in their overall attention span or ability to focus on tasks.
TABLE 5.15 SHOWS IF INCREASED USE OF SMARTPHONES AFFECT
THE QUALITY OF RELATIONSHIPS AMONG PEOPLE?

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Strongly Disagree 1 1.6%
Disagree 7 11.1%
Neutral 18 28.6%
Agree 25 39.7%

Strongly agree 12 19%

Total respondents 63

INFERENCE:

Table and figure 5.15 displace that if increased use of smartphones affect the
quality of relationships among people? The majority of respondents of 39.7%
says Yes,followed by 28.6% says Neutral and 11.1% says they disagree. This
data provides insights of the population surveyed, where majority people agree
that increased use of smartphones affect the quality of relationships among
people.
TABLE 5.16 SHOWS IF SMARTPHONES HAS PROVIDED BENEFITS
FOR ACCESSING SPIRITUAL AND RELIGIOUS ASPECTS ?

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Yes 42 66.7%

No 4 6.3%

Maybe 17 27%

Total respondents 63

INFERENCE:

Table and figure 5.16 displace that if smartphones has provided benefits for
accessing spiritual and religious aspects ? The majority of respondents of
66.7% says Yes,followed by 27% says maybe and 6.3% says No. This data
provides insights of the population surveyed, where majority people agree that
smartphones has provided benefits for accessing spiritual and religious
aspects.
TABLE 5.17 SHOWS IF THEY ARE ABLE TO MAINTAIN PHYSICAL
HEALTH ( YOGA, MEDITATION, WORKOUT) WITH INCREASED USE
OF SMARTPHONES.

CATEGORY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Yes 26 41.3%

No 21 33.3%

Maybe 16 25.4%

Total respondents 63

INFERENCE:

Table and figure 5.16 displace that if they are able to maintain physical health
( yoga, meditation, workout) with increased use of smartphones. The majority
of respondents of 41.3% says Yes,followed by 33% says No and 25.4% says
Maybe. This data provides insights of the population surveyed, where majority
people say that they are able to maintain physical health ( yoga, meditation,
workout) with increased use of smartphones.
Interpretation of the data collected :

Descriptive Statistics
N Minimum Maximum Mean
Age 64 1 3 2.11
Valid N 64
(listwise)

The above table shows the Mean of Age

Gender
Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Valid Female 36 56.3 56.3 56.3
Male 28 43.8 43.8 100.0
Total 64 100.0 100.0

The above table shows the Mode of Gender

Age
Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Valid 30-40 17 26.6 26.6 26.6
40-50 23 35.9 35.9 62.5
50+ 24 37.5 37.5 100.0
Total 64 100.0 100.0

The above table shows the Mode of Age

Correlations:

Question: Is there any relationship between age and screen time

HYPOTHESIS FORMULATION :

NULL HYPOTHESIS H0= : There is no significant relationship between

Age and Screen time .

ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS H1= There is a significant relationship

between Age and screen time

INTERPRETATION: Since the p value ( 0.250) is greater than 0.05 we

accept the null hypothesis and reject alternative hypothesis.

RESULT: There is no significant relationship between Age and Screen

time .

1. How much
time do you
spend on your
smart
Age phones?
Age Pearson 1 .146
Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed) .250
N 64 64
1. How much time do you Pearson .146 1
spend on your smart phones? Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed) .250
N 64 64

The above table shows the Correlation between Age and Amount of time
spent on smart phones
Independent Samples Test:

Question: Is there any relationship between Gender and screen time.

HYPOTHESIS FORMULATION:
NULL HYPOTHESIS H0= There is no significant relationship between
Gender and Screen time

ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS H1= There is a significant relationship

between Gender and Screen time

INTERPRETATION: Since the p value ( 0.385) is greater than 0.05 we accept

the null hypothesis and reject alternative hypothesis.

RESULT: There is no significant relationship between Age and gender.

The above table shows Independent sample T-Test between gender and screen
time.
CHAPTER 6
FINDINGS
FINDINGS:

➢ Talking about age demographics, the majority of respondents fall into the
age group of 50 and older. And a smaller proportion of respondents are
aged 30–40.
➢ According to the pie chart shown in gender demographics,the majority of
respondents fall into the category of female, followed by males.
➢ According to the pie chart that is depicted, the majority of respondents
spent 2-4 hours
➢ When asked about negative impacts or disturbances in their sleep,
majority of respondents said they had not experienced any.
➢ when asked about the addition towards smart phones The majority of
respondents said they are neutral in addiction, followed by moderately
addictive and additive.
➢ When asked if they find net banking useful, almost 85.7% said it was
beneficial.
➢ Based on the navigation apps that are available, the majority agree that
smart phones have made traveling more convenient.
➢ The majority of respondents agree that smart phones provide a platform
to access and participate in virtual events and activities.
➢ Correlation analysis revealed that there is no significant relationship
between Age and screen time since the p value (0.250) is greater than
0.05 we conclude that Age may not be a pivotal factor in determining the
screen time.
➢ Independent sample T-Test reveals that there is no significant difference
between Gender and screen time since the p value ( 0.385) is greater than
0.05 we conclude that Gender may not be the pivotal factor in
determining the screen time.
CHAPTER 7
RECOMMENDATIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS:

• Many of the respondents have provided their suggestions for using smart
phones in a minimal way.They are as follows:

Opt for apps and habits that make you use the smart only for your
positive benefits in all aspects of life, and then even if you get distracted, you
are back to a healthy routine in a few minutes.

Go back to the basic model of the Nokia phone.

Discipline should be maintained while using mobile devices.

Limiting your screen time.

Use laptops, TVs, and smart phones effectively.

We had to go outside earlier and spend time with others: parents,

yoga, the neighborhood, temples, taking part in activities, etc.

Parents should advise on limited usage of smart phones.

Have to set a time limit

Establishing a balanced digital routine can help mitigate the impact

of excessive smartphone use.

investing more time in hobbies

Simply avoid using smart ones unless they are very essential.

Define the purpose for the usage of mobile phones.

1. Digital Literacy Training: Offer workshops to improve middle-aged

citizens' digital knowledge and skills, teaching them how to utilize
smartphones effectively,efficiently, and safely.
2. Setting Boundaries: Encourage middle-aged citizens to set limits on their
smartphones to avoid overutilization.
3. Privacy Awareness: Educate users, especially middle-aged citizens, about
the importance of privacy settings available on all smart phones and
update the settings to protect personal information.
4. Balanced life: encourage a balanced approach to smartphone usage,
insisting on the importance of taking breaks, engaging in offline
activities, and maintaining physical health.
 CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION
 CONCLUSION:

The discovery of this research paper is that many people prefer navigation apps
such as Google Maps as they find them more convenient for traveling.

While the post-COVID era brings out opportunities for middle-aged citizens to
acclimate, keep health a priority, and adapt to advanced technology, it also
presents many considerable challenges related to careers, finances, and holding
up responsibilities. Addressing these challenges requires individual persistence
and adaptability from both individuals and society as a whole.

the post-COVID opportunities for middle-aged citizens and obstacles. While

advancements in career and work, health, and wealth present challenges such as
financial strain, etc.
 CHAPTER 9
BIBILIOGRAPHY
BIBILIOGRAPHY:

The World with Future Technologies (Post-COVID-19): Open Issues,

Challenges, and the Road Ahead:
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-16-6542-4_22

Opportunities and challenges for contactless healthcare services in the

post-COVID-19 Era:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004016252100144
X
Shared mobility in post-COVID era: New challenges and opportunities

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221067072100009
3

A Systematic Review of the Benefits and Challenges of Mobile

Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic\

https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7102/11/9/459

Socially Distanced or Socially Connected? Well-being through ICT

Usage among the Indian Elderly during COVID-19

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/097639962198991
0

Life after lockdown: The experiences of older adults in a

contactless digital world

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.338
9/fpsyg.2022.1100521/full?utm_source=Email_to_authors_&utm_
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the Post-Covid-19 Period: Challenges, Issues, and Opportunities
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-29857-8_37
Exploring the Main Determinants of Mobile Learning Application Usage
During Covid-19 Pandemic in Jordanian Universities
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Mobile Technology Support for the Assessment and

Management of COVID-19 Outbreak: Benefits and Challenges
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 QUESTIONNAIRE

1. Name

2. Age

30-40

40-50

50+

3. Gender

Female

Male

4. Respondent Status

working

housewife

unemployed

other

5. How much time do you spend on your smart phones?

2hrs

2-4hrs

4+hrs

6. Do you find useful about the smart phones app that has
contributed to your health and fitness routines

Very much
 Good

Not much

Not at all

7. Have you faced any challenges in controlling the amount of time

spent on social media platforms?

Yes

No

Maybe

8. Are you facing negative impacts or disturbances in your sleep due

to usage of smart phones?

Yes

No

9. Has there been addiction or dependence on smart phones in post

pandemic

Highly Addictive

Addictive

Moderately Addictive

Netural

Not at all

10..Do you have any physical health issues associated with prolonged
use of smart phones?

Headache

Migraine
 Eye Irritation

Fatigue

Losing Concentration

Other

11.Do you find net banking and other facilities ( such as tax payments
and EB Bills ) useful for financial transactions?

Yes

No

Maybe

Barely

12.The availability of navigation apps ( such as Google maps) on

smartphone made travelling more convenient for you

Strongly disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly agree

13.Smart phones have played a vital role in People's ability to access

and participate in virtual events and activities.

Strongly disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree
 Strongly agree

14.Do you think smart phones have improved your accessibility to

online shopping and E-Commerce platforms

Strongly disagree

Disagree

Netural

Agree and strongly agree

15..Do you think that smartphones use has let to a decrease in you
overall attention span or ability to focus on tasks

Yes

No

Maybe

16.Do you think increased use of smartphones affect the quality of

relationships among people?

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Netural

Agree

Strongly Agree

17.Do you find smartphones has provided benefits for accessing

spiritual and religious aspects ?

Yes

No
 Maybe

18.Are you able to maintain your physical Health ( Yoga, meditation,

workout) with increased use of smartphones.

Yes

No

Maybe

19.Suggest a remedy to overcome increased usage of smartphones