Senior High School

INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS AND IMMERSION

Lesson 1 – Module 5:
Finding the Answers to the
Research Questions

Government Property

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INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS AND IMMERSION– Senior High School

Lesson 1 – Module 5: Background of the Problem
First Edition, 2020

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 MODULE 2

Presentation of Data
In this module you will find the answers to the questions you raised in your
Chapter 1. As you find the answer you will have to present your data and analyze it
as well.
Data presented in a research depend on the problem posed. One basic rule is
to gather data relevant to the problem raised; then analyze the data and answer the
questions asked thru the evidence deemed from the research. The process involves
raising the research problems, and procedures to the data gathering with single or
multiple processes. Based on the data gathered, the analysis and interpretation of
data bring out the answer to the problem in focus.

Upon completion of this module, you will be able to:

 Define data presentation

 Recognize the three forms of data presentation
 Present and interpret data in different forms

Here are some terms you must be familiar with before we begin:

1. Data - is initially collected from a given source whether they are experiments,
surveys, or observations

2. Textual presentation of data – presenting of data in the form of words,

sentences, or paragraphs
3. Tabular presentation of data – a systematic and logical arrangement
of data in the form of Rows and Columns with respect to the characteristics
of data

4. Graphical presentation - a chart in which "the data is represented by

symbols, such as bars in a bar chart, lines in a line chart, or slices in a pie
chart".

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 Let us asses your knowledge how familiar you are in the presentation of your
data. Choose the correct letter of the correct answer.

a. Tables b. mean c. stub d. statistical e. textual

1. The _________, median, mode and standard deviation are the main
descriptive statistical treatment applicable.
2. The ______________________form of data presentation is the simplest form
when there are only few numbers are presented.
3. Tabular form data presentation is used when the data are presented by
means of ____________________ tables.
4. In tabular form, ________ are arranged in rows and columns wherein the data
are assigned in suitable cells.
5. ______________ is the classification or categories which are found at the left
side of the body of the table

Are your answers all correct? If yes, stand up and say “Hurray!” if no, just relax
and take a deep breath, then count 1-3 and say to yourself, “I can do it!”

“If you are done in your chapters 1-3,

get ready yourself in the presentation of
your data. Do you have any idea about
it? Just sit back, read, and learn on how
to present your data using the three
forms of it.”

Presentation of Data
Data presentation refers to the organization of data into tables, graphs, or
charts so that logical and statistical conclusions can be derived from the collected
measurements.

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Data can be classified into two:
1. Ungrouped data are data that are not organized, or if arranged, could only
from highest to lowest or vice versa.
2. Grouped data are data that are organized and arranged into different classes
or categories.
Forms of presentation of Data
1. The Textual Form of Data Presentation
 The simplest form or method of data presentation when there are only
few numbers to be presented
 In this form, the results are explained in paragraph form.
Example. You are asked to present the performance of your section in the Statistics
test. The following are the test scores of your class.
34 42 20 50 17 9 34 43
50 18 35 43 50 23 23 35
37 38 38 39 39 38 38 39
24 29 25 26 28 27 44 44
49 48 46 45 45 46 45 46

Solution
First, arrange the data in order for you to identify the important characteristics.
This can be done in two ways: rearranging from lowest to highest or using the stem-
and-leaf plot.
Below is the rearrangement of data from lowest to highest:

9 23 28 35 38 43 45 48

17 24 29 37 39 43 45 49

18 25 34 38 39 44 46 50

20 26 34 38 39 44 46 50

23 27 35 38 42 45 46 50

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 With the rearranged data, pertinent data worth mentioning can be easily
recognized. The following is one way of presenting data in textual form.

In the Statistics class of 40 students, 3 obtained the perfect score of 50.

Sixteen students got a score of 40 and above, while only 3 got 19 and below.
Generally, the students performed well in the test with 23 or 70% getting a passing
score of 38 and above.

Another way of rearranging data is by making use of the stem-and leaf plot.
What is a stem-and-leaf plot?
Stem-and-leaf plot is a table which sorts data according to a certain pattern. It
involves separating a number into two parts. In a two-digit number, the stem consists
of the second digit. While in a three digit-number, the stem consists of the first two
digits, and the last leaf consists of the last digit. In a one-digit number, the stem is
zero.
Below is the stem-and -leaf plot of the ungrouped data given in the example.

Utilizing the stem-and-leaf plot, we can readily see the order of the data. Thus, we
can say that the top ten got scores 50,50, 50, 49, 48, 46, 46,46, 45, and 45 and the
ten lowest scores are 9,17, 18, 29, 23, 23, 24, 25, 26, and 27.

2. The Tabular Form of Data Presentation

• The second method of presenting the results whereby the data are presented
by means of statistical tables
• The tables are arranged in rows and columns wherein the data are assigned
in suitable cells.
• In this presentation the reader can compare immediately the different data in
• different categories

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 Fish Offal
Burger

Quality Attributes Milkfish Goatfish Mean Siganid Mean

Mean
Color 8.0 8.3 6.4
Odor 8.1 7.4 6.2
Flavor 8.6 8.0 6.0
Texture 8.2 7.6 6.3
General 8.4 7.8 6.3
Acceptability

Essential Parts of Statistical Table

Table caption/table heading – consists of table number and title
Box head – the top of the column
Stub – classification or categories which are found at the left side of the
body of the table
Body – main part of the table

3.The Graphical Form of Data Presentation

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  Histogram or bar graph is commonly used

Essential Parts of the Bar graph

 Caption – includes figure number and heading, similar with table, it is doubled
numbered for easy identification, the chapter it belongs and the number of
figures within the chapter. It explains briefly the contents of the figure. The
contents of the figure is the same with the table but differ only in location
 Y-axis - this is the vertical line contents at the left of the figure
 X-axis – this is the horizontal line content of the figure
 Body – this refers to the main part of figure containing the rectangular bars for
the bar graph or points and line for the line graph

Sample
Figure 4.1 Acceptability of the Quality Attributes of Milkfish(C. chanos) Offal
Burger, Goatfish (U. ulphureus) Offal Burger, and Siganid (T. javus) Offal Burger

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8
6
4
2
0
Color Odor Flavor Texture General Acceptability
Milkfish Goatfish Siganid

Sample of line graph

Pictograph

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Pie Graph

To know more about presentation of data, these hyperlinks could give you
additional knowledge about it.

https://planningtank.com/planning-techniques/data-presentation-and-
analysis#:~:text=Presentation%20of%20Data%3A&text=Break%20the
%20objectives%20in%20multiple,to%20carry%20out%20a%20study.

https://www.slideshare.net/WinonaEselBernardo/presentation-of-data-
10958540

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Practice Task 1. Check this Out!
Put a check ( ) mark if the statement is true. Leave it blank if it is not.

______ 1. Y-axis is the vertical line contents at the left of the figure.
______ 2. Body explains briefly the contents of the figure.
______3. Stub is the main part of the table.
______ 4. Using the tabular presentation of data the reader can compare
immediately the different data in different categories
______ 5. The box head is found on the top of the of the column.

Practice Task 2. Fill in the missing word.

Complete the thought of the statements below. Choose the letter of the correct
answer.

a. tables b. stub c. x-ais d. body e. caption

1. __________________ includes figure number and heading, similar with table,

it is doubled numbered for easy identification, the chapter it belongs and the
number of figures within the chapter.

2. _________________ this refers to the main part of figure containing the

rectangular bars for the bar graph or points and line for the line graph.

3. __________________ is the horizontal line content of the figure

4. __________________ is classification or categories which are found at the

left side of the body of the table

5. In tabular form the ______________ are arranged in rows and columns

wherein the data are assigned in suitable cells.

Practice Task 3. Write it Down

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 A. Construct a graph for this data:

Task 4. Tick the column that best describes how you understand the presentation of
data.
Yes No
I can present data using any of the
three forms of presentation of data.
The data should answer the research
questions.
Use present tense in describing
research
Do not include any discussion

B. Writing Activity: Study the bar graph and answer the questions below.

Mrs. Amodia, the School Librarian prepared a bar chart that shows the
number of students who borrowed magazines in the library last week.

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 a. How many magazines were borrowed on Friday? How many students
borrowed magazines on this day?

b. What is the mean number of magazines borrowed per day last week?

c. On what day had the most number of students borrow magazines?

d. How many students borrowed magazines on Tuesday?

e. Present the data in textual form. (5pts)

Congratulations! You did great today. Always bear in your mind that the presentation
of data is very essential because it gives you a clear picture of the data immediately.

ANSWER KEY
I. WARMING UP
1. b
2. e

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 3. d
4. a
5. c
II. PRACTICE TASK 1
1.
2. ____
3. ____
4.
5.

III. PRACTICE TASK 2

1. e
2. d
3. c
4. b
5. a

IV. PRACTICE TASK 3

*WRITING ACTIVITY*

V. COOLING DOWN
*CHECKLIST ACTIVITY*

VII. LEARNING CHALLENGES

*WRITING ACTIVITY*
REFFERENCES
Faltado III, R. E. (2016). Practical Research 2 for Senior High School. Lorimar
Publishing
Jazareno, Z. M. (2018). Training of Trainers in English (Practical Research 1 & 2)
Qualitative and Quantitative
https://planningtank.com/planning-techniques/data-presentation-and-
analysis#:~:text=Presentation%20of%20Data%3A&text=Break%20the%20objectives
%20in%20multiple,to%20carry%20out%20a%20study.
https://www.slideshare.net/WinonaEselBernardo/presentation-of-data-10958540

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