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Cheatsheets / Learn SQL
Multiple Tables
Outer Join
{An outer join will combine raws from different tables even i
ifthe join condition is not met. Ina LEFT JOIN , every
row in the lef table is returned in the result set, and ifthe
join condition is not met, then NULL values are used to
filin the columns from the right table.
KITk Clause
‘The WITH clause stores the result of query ina
temporary table ( temporary_movies )using an alas.
Multiple temporary tables can be defined
Instance of the WITH keyword.
UNION Clause
‘The UNION clause is used to combine results that LECT
appear from multiple SELECT statements and fier
duplicates.
For example, given a first_names table with a column
name containing rows of data “James” and *Hermione*, L
anda last_names table with a column name :
containing rows of data “James”, “Hermione” and
“Cassidy”, the result ofthis query would contsin three
name s: “Cassidy”, “James”, and “Hermione”,
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Ross 301N Clause
The CROSS JOIN clauses used to combine each row SELECT
{rom one table with each row from another inthe result
set. This JOIN is helpful for creating all possible
‘combinations forthe records (rows in two tables.
‘The given query will select the shirt_color and
ppants_color columns from the result set which will
contain all combinstions of combining the rows in the
shirts and pants tables. there are 3 afferent shirt
colors in the shirts table and 5 different pants colors in
the pants table then the result set will contain 8x5 = 15
rows.
Foreign Key
‘foreign key sa reference in one table's records to the
primary key of another table. To maintain multiple
records for a specific row, the use of foreign key plays a
vital role. For instance, to track all the orders ofa specific Caren
customer, the table order (ilustrated atthe bottom of Paul
the image) can contain foreign key. Joseph
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Primary Key
A primary key column in a SQL table is used to uniquely
identify each record in that table. A primary key cannot
be NULL. inthe example, customer_id isthe primary
key, The same value cannot re-occur in a primary key 2 Ene
‘column. Primary keys are often used in JOIN 2 Aaron
operations. 3 Tas
Inner Join
‘The JOIN clause allows forthe return of results from
more than one table by joining them together with other
results based on common column values specified using
an ON clause. INNER JOIN isthe default JOIN
and it will only return results matching the condition
specified by ON
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