Building classifications

Understanding the NCC

The National Construction Code (NCC) sets out the minimum technical requirements for new buildings (and new building
work in existing buildings) in Australia. In doing so, it groups buildings1 by their function and use. These groups are assigned
a classification which is then how buildings are referred to throughout the NCC. This information is crucial for all NCC users.
The following is a general representation of the building classifications in the NCC. It is based on a national perspective
and does not address any State or Territory variations2.

Building classifications All NCC volumes: Part A6

Building classifications are labelled “Class 1” through to

“Class 10”. Some classifications also have sub-classifications, What is an SOU?
referred to by a letter after the number (e.g. Class 1a).
A sole occupancy unit (commonly known as a SOU)
Class 2 to 9 buildings are mostly covered by Volume One of
is defined in the NCC as part of a building for occupation
the NCC, and Class 1 and 10 buildings are mostly covered
by an owner/s, lessee, or tenant, to the exclusion of
by Volume Two of the NCC. Volume Three of the NCC refers
any other owner/s, lessee, or tenant. So put simply,
to all building classifications.
it is a space with an exclusive use in a building.
A building may have parts that have different uses. In most
SOUs can be located in a number of different classifications.
cases, each of these parts are classified separately.
They include:
A building (or part of a building) may also have more than • A residential apartment or flat.
one use and may be assigned more than one classification. • A self-contained unit.
• A suite of rooms in a hotel or motel.
• A shop in a shopping centre.

1
In this document, a building may also refer to a structure such as swimming pool.
2
State and Territory variations and additions to the NCC are located in the NCC. The NCC is available at the ABCB website.

© Commonwealth of Australia and the States and Territories of Australia 2020, published by the Australian Building Codes Board.
The material in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution—4.0 International licence, with the exception of third
July 2020
party materials and any trade marks. It is provided for general information only and without warranties of any kind. More information
on this CC BY licence is set out at the Creative Commons Website. For information regarding this publication, see www.abcb.gov.au. abcb.gov.au
 Class 1 buildings Did you know?

Class 1 buildings cannot be located

Class 1 buildings are houses. Typically, they are standalone single dwellings
above or below any other dwelling
of a domestic or residential nature.
(or any other class of building)
These buildings can also be horizontally attached to other Class 1 buildings. other than a private garage.
When attached they are commonly referred to as duplexes, terrace houses, row houses
and townhouses. In these situations, they must be separated by a wall that has fire-resisting and sound insulation properties.
The Class 1 classification includes two sub-classifications: Class 1a and Class 1b.
A Class 1a building is a single dwelling being a detached house; or one of a group of attached dwellings being a town house,
row house or the like.
A Class 1b building is a boarding house, guest house or hostel that has a floor area less than 300 m2 and ordinarily has less
than 12 people living in it. It can also be four or more single dwellings located on one allotment which are used for short-term
holiday accommodation.

Class 2 buildings Is it a Class 1b, 2 or 3

residential building?
Class 2 buildings are apartment buildings. They are typically multi-unit residential
buildings where people live above and below each other. The NCC describes the Classification is a process for
space which would be considered the apartment as a sole-occupancy unit (SOU). understanding risk in a building
(or part of a building) according
Class 2 buildings may also be single storey attached dwellings where there is to its use.
a common space below. For example, two dwellings above a common basement
or carpark. Where it is unclear which classification
should apply, the approval authority
has the discretion to decide.

Class 3 buildings Did you know?

Class 3 includes residential care

Class 3 applies to residential buildings other than Class 1 or Class 2 buildings,
buildings and the residential parts
or a Class 4 part of a building. Class 3 buildings are a common place of long term or
of hotels, motels, schools, or jails.
transient living for a number of unrelated people. Examples include a boarding house,
guest house, hostel or backpackers (that are larger than the limits for a Class 1b building).
Class 3 buildings could also include dormitory style accommodation, or workers’ quarters for shearers or fruit pickers.
Class 3 buildings may also be “care-type” facilities (such as accommodation buildings for children, the elderly, or people
with a disability) which are not Class 9 buildings.

Class 4 part of a building Is it the only residence in the building?

If so, then it is likely to be a Class 4 part of a building.

A Class 4 part of a building is a sole dwelling or residence
There can only be one Class 4 part in a building.
within a building of a non-residential nature. An example of
a Class 4 part of a building would be a caretaker’s residence A Class 4 part cannot be located in a Class 1, 2
in a storage facility. A Class 4 part can only be located in or 3 building.
a Class 5 to 9 building.

Class 5 buildings When is a general medical practitioner’s

office not a Class 5 building?
Class 5 buildings are office buildings used for professional
or commercial purposes. Generally, a general medical practitioner’s office will be
a Class 5 building. However, if any medical treatment
Examples of Class 5 buildings are offices for lawyers, administered leaves patients unconscious or non-ambulatory,
accountants, government agencies and architects. then the building would be considered a health-care building
(as defined by the NCC) and therefore a Class 9a building.

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 Class 6 buildings Is a service station a
Class 6 building?
Class 6 buildings are typically shops, restaurants and cafés. They are a
place for the sale of retail goods or the supply of services direct to the public. Yes, as they are intended for the
Some examples are: servicing of cars and the sale
of fuel or other goods.
• A dining room, bar, shop or kiosk part of a hotel or motel.
• A hairdresser or barber shop. However, the term “service station”
• A public laundry. does not cover buildings where
• A market or showroom. panel beating, auto electrical,
• A funeral parlour. tyre replacement or the like are
• A shopping centre. solely carried out. These are
Class 8 buildings.

Class 7 buildings Did you know?

Reference to wholesale means

Class 7 buildings are storage-type buildings. The Class 7 classification has two
“sale to people in the trades or in
sub-classifications: Class 7a and Class 7b.
the business of ‘on-selling’ goods
Class 7a buildings are carparks. and services to another party
(including the public)”.
Class 7b buildings are typically warehouses, storage buildings or buildings
for the display of goods (or produce) that is for wholesale.

Class 8 buildings Are farm buildings Class 7, 8, or 10a?

It depends on the occupancy, use and size. Buildings used

A factory is the most common way to describe a Class 8
for farming-type purposes are often very diverse
building. It is a building in which a process (or handicraft)
in nature. For example, a shed for parking a single
is carried out for trade, sale, or gain.
tractor may be Class 10a, however if multiple tractors
The building can be used for production, assembling, and other farm machinery is parked, the building may be
altering, repairing, finishing, packing, or cleaning Class 7a (or even Class 8 if mechanics were employed
of goods or produce. It includes buildings such as to regularly work on the machinery within the building).
a mechanic’s workshop. It may also be a building
for food processing, such as an abattoir. The NCC defines a difference between a farm shed
and a farm building. It also contains specific Deemed-to-
A laboratory is also a Class 8 building, even though it
Satisfy Provisions for these buildings under Part H3.
may be small. This is due to the high fire hazard potential.

Class 9 buildings Did you know?

Laboratories that are part of

Class 9 buildings are buildings of a public nature. The Class 9 classification has three health-care buildings are classified
sub-classifications: Class 9a, Class 9b and Class 9c. as Class 9a buildings despite the
general classification of laboratories
Class 9a buildings are generally hospitals, referred to in the NCC as health-care buildings.
being Class 8.
They are buildings in which occupants or patients are undergoing medical treatment and
may need physical assistance to evacuate in the case of an emergency. This includes
a clinic (or day surgery) where the effects of the treatment administered involve patients
becoming unconscious or unable to move. This in turn requires supervised medical care (on the premises) for some time after
treatment has been administered.
Class 9b buildings are assembly buildings in which people may gather for social, theatrical, political, religious or civil purposes.
They include schools, universities, childcare centres, pre-schools, sporting facilities, night clubs, or public transport buildings.
Class 9c buildings are residential care buildings that may contain residents who have various care level needs. They are a place
of residence where 10% or more of persons who reside there need physical assistance in conducting their daily activities and
to evacuate the building during an emergency. An aged care building, where residents are provided with personal care services,
is a Class 9c building.

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 Class 10 buildings or structures What is a private garage?

Class 10 buildings are non-habitable buildings or structures. Class 10 includes • A garage associated with
three sub-classifications: Class 10a, Class 10b and Class 10c. a Class 1 building; or
• A single storey of a building
Class 10a buildings are non-habitable buildings including sheds, carports, containing not more than
and private garages. 3 vehicle spaces (limited to only
Class 10b is a structure being a fence, mast, antenna, retaining wall, one storey within a building); or
swimming pool, or the like. • Any separate single storey
garage associated with another
A Class 10c building is a private bushfire shelter. A private bushfire shelter building that contains no more
is a structure associated with, but not attached to, a Class 1a building. than 3 vehicles.

Mixed use buildings How big must a part

of a building be to have
As buildings can have mixed uses, they can also have mixed (or multiple) classifications. its own classification?
For example, a building may have a basement carpark (Class 7a) with ground
floor retail space (Class 6) and residential apartments (Class 2) and offices above Every part of a building must
(Class 5). be separately classified. However,
where a part has a different
purpose and is not more than
10% of the floor area of the storey
it is on, subject to some limitations
it may be considered ancillary
Apartments
to the major use and adopt
(Class 2)
its classification.

(Class 5) For instance, if a single storey

warehouse (Class 7b) has an office
(normally Class 5) which takes up
only 8% of the floor area, the whole
building can be classified as a
Retail Class 7b. However, if the office
(Class 6) takes up 12% of the floor area
ground level
then the warehouse (Class 7b)
and office (Class 5) must be
Carpark classified separately.
(Class 7a)

Multiple building classifications

A building (or a part of a building) may be designed to serve multiple purposes and may have more than one classification.
This means that it is permissible for a building to be Class 6/7, or Class 5/6, or whatever is deemed appropriate. This allows
flexibility in how the building might be used. For example, if a building is intended for retail shopping, storage or office space,
it may be designed as a Class 5/6/7 building.
At the design stage it may not be clear who the final tenant will be (or how they will be using their tenancy), so as long as
the design meets the minimum requirements of all the classifications it could be used for any of the purposes.

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