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Introduction in MMW

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12 views

Introduction in MMW

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marcosgio90
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction in

Mathematics in the
Modern World
Presentation by: Engr. Gio Marcos
01 / 08

Mathematics in our World


Have you ever wondered how well jeepney drive, you your
change when you hand them your fare? How about when you
buy street food?
01 / 08

Mathematics in our World


The heart of mathematics is more than just numbers, numbers which
many suppose to be meaningless and uninteresting. The different
shapes you see around you, the changing hues of the sky from sunrise
to sunset, the clouds transforming from stratus to cumulus, the contour
of the rainbow in the horizon are all beautiful because of harmony.
01 / 08

Mathematics in our World


The degree of changing hues of color has to be of exact
measurement to appear pleasing and harmonious to the human eye.
"And it is mathematics that reveals the simplicities of nature and
permits us to generalize from simple examples to the complexities of
the real world. It took many people from many different areas of
human activity to turn a mathematical insight into a useful product"
(Stewart, 1995, pp. 71-72).
01 / 08

Mathematics in our World


Nature has its laws. These laws, such as the law of freely falling
bodies, were laid down by Isaac Newton. Newton and Gottfried
Leibniz developed modem calculus in the 17th century. This
development would not have been possible without the Cartesian
coordinate system—the fusion of geometry and algebra by Rene
Descartes (1596-1650).
Mathematics in our World
The 20th century saw many breakthroughs in the fields of sciences and engineering
which creatively and critically employed mathematics.

From the first personal computer named Programs 101 that was released in 1965, to
the first landing of man on the moon on July 20, 1969, and to the first Global
Positioning System (GPS) satellite launched in 1989 for military use, all of these
show that Mathematics plays a vital role in the affairs of humanity. Today, there are
24 GPS satellites in orbit, helping people locate their travel destinations via
applications such as 3oogle Maps or Waze on personal computers, tablets, or cell
phones.
Mathematics in our World
Mathematics is everywhere because it finds many practical
applications in daily life. God, the Mathematician Architect,
designs everything in this universe to follow rules or formulas.
Whether following regular or irregular patterns, His creation
benefits humankind, His greatest masterpiece.
Math hidden in Nature
1.2 Fibonacci Numbers
Fibonacci observed numbers in nature. His most popular
contribution perhaps is the number that is seen in the petals
of flowers. A calla lily flower has only 1 petal, trillium has 3,
hibiscus has 5, cosmos flower has 8, corn marigold has 13,
some asters have 21, and a daisy can have 34, 55 or 89
petals. Surprisingly, these petal counts represent the first
eleven numbers of the Fibonacci sequence.
1.2 Fibonacci Numbers

Not all petal numbers of flowers, however, follow this pattern


discovered by Fibonacci. Some examples include the
Brassicaceae family having four petals. Astoundingly, many of
the flowers abide by the pattern observed by Fibonacci. The
principle behind the Fibonacci numbers is as follows:
1.2 Fibonacci Numbers
• Let x4 be the nth integer in the Fibonacci sequence, the next (n
+1)th term x„„ is determined by adding nth and the (n -1)th integers.

• Consider the first few terms below: Let x, =1 be the first term, and
x2 =1 be the second term, the third term x3 is found by x, = + =1+1= 2.

• The fourth term x4 is 2 +1= 3, the sum of the third and the second
term.
1.2 Fibonacci Numbers
To find the new nth Fibonacci number, simply add the two numbers
immediately preceding this nth number.

These numbers arranged in increasing order can be written as


the sequence {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, ...}
1.2 Fibonacci Numbers in
Sunflowers and Succulent
1.2 Fibonacci Numbers in
Pineapple Fruit
Pineapples also have spirals formed by
their hexagonal nubs. The nubs on
many pineapples form eight spirals that
rotate diagonally upward to the left
and 13 that rotate diagonally upward to
the right, again these are consecutive
Fibonacci numbers (Aufmann, 2015).
The same is also observed in the
clockwise and counterclockwise spirals
of a pine cone.
1.2 Fibonacci Numbers in
Honeycomb
1.2 Fibonacci Numbers in
Honey Comb
Another interesting pattern in nature is the honeycomb. According to the
Merriam-Webster dictionary, "a honeycomb is a mass of hexagonal wax cells
built by honeybees in their nest to contain their brood and stores of honey. "
But why build hexagonal cells? Why not squares? In the experiment, a student
is asked to step on one mass made up of hexagonal cells and another mass
made up of square cells and the result is unbelievable! The mass with
hexagonal cells resisted the weight of the student while the mass with square
cells was completely destroyed. It is amazing to know that the mass made up
of hexagonal cells is stronger than the one made up of square cells.
1.2 Fibonacci Numbers in
Rabbit Pairing
1.2 Fibonacci Numbers in
Rabbit Pairing
Another interesting observation is the rabbit population beginning from a baby pair of
the first generation. Since it takes the first generation to mature before giving birth to
an offspring, there is an adult pair for the second generation, which is ready for
reproduction. So, there are two rabbit pairs, the parents and baby pairs, of the third
generation. Next, the adult pair begets a baby pair but the previous baby pair simply
matures, so a family of three rabbit pairs for the fourth generation exists, and so on.
The number of total rabbit pairs at each generation constitutes a Fibonacci
sequence.
1.2 Fibonacci Numbers in
Rabbit Pairing
Denoting by F„ the Fibonacci sequence of n generations is the set of Fibonacci
numbers {Fn}, that is:
{F,J= {1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,144,...}.

In particular, denote F1 = 1 for the 1st generation, F2 =1 for the 2nd generation, F3 = 2
for the 3rd generation, F4 =3 for the 4th generation, and so on. It is interesting to
point out that the Fibonacci numbers Fn obey the following relationship:
1.2 Fibonacci Numbers in
Rabbit Pairing
In particular, denote F1 = I for the 1st generation, F2 =1 for the 2nd generation, F3 = 2
for the 3rd generation, F4 =3 for the 4th generation, and so on. It is interesting to
point out that the Fibonacci numbers Fn obey the following relationship:
1.2 Fibonacci Numbers in
Rabbit Pairing
Let us investigate the ratio of two adjacent Fibonacci
numbers as n becomes large.

The following table gives values of the ratio Fn/Fn-1


as n approaches infinity.

It is interesting to note that the ratio of two adjacent


Fibonacci numbers approaches the golden ratio; that
is, En =1.6180339887... as n becomes large. This is
indeed a Fn-1 mystery. What does the golden ratio
have to do with a rabbit population model?
1.3 Golden Ratio
1.3 Golden Ratio

The golden ratio, which is often referred to as the golden mean, divine proportion, or
golden section, is a special attribute, denoted by the symbol ϕ, and is approximately
equal to 1.618.

The golden ratio, which is also referred to as the golden mean, divine proportion, or
golden section, exists between two quantities if their ratio is equal to the ratio of their
sum to the larger quantity between the two.
1.3 Golden Ratio
The ratio of the length of the longer part, say "a" to the length of the shorter part, say
"b" is equal to the ratio of their sum " (a + b)" to the longer length.
1.3 Golden Ratio Activity
The golden ratio is also found in the structure of the human face. In this activity,
you will use the golden ratio proportions to draw a remarkably authentic face.
You will also see what the same face would look like with two different underlying
ratios.

On a clean piece of paper, in a landscape orientation, draw three 8 cm lines


about three or four cm from the bottom. These will serve as the width of our
rectangular canvas.

Locate the other points according by the following:

After you have laid out the grid, use


symmetry to fill in the features. Draw
your partner!
Assignment
Look for Fibonacci numbers and golden ratio in
fruits, vegetables, flowers, plants or structures
available in your locality. Prepare a creative
presentation of the chosen object.
Thank You.
Presentation Is To Explain All Things
Related To The Project You Are Working On In.

Ginyard International School

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