1C 3462] ELECTR)CAL MACHINES AND DRIVES

A5sln NMENT - L NAME: MANIkANDAN.A

TQUES TloN AND AN SwERS

Mota Normal
opennkin
Stable
Tm
Ragion Unstale Rugon

Tst
A
5=0 S Svn 0.5
NcNS Spad
The Cuwe
S-) (at sbut) bo S-o (Syuckronous spoed) ie

The bonqe cauation for 3 phase ncbitbion

mobr
moton given by,
Te SE, Ra
+(sx)*
T od 6 R.

It Consists of three ugions.

 rthee operabine Rag ion
( stable openabig ogion

slable Reqion CAB]

In stuble ragion, bhe sip vale 's is yeu Small
|(.e) he torn (srs)* is veny Small as Com paned to
R Hence ngleiy L9uabion O,
SRa

T4,s4
Usbable Ragion CB
whon Be slip in anthen inteased fom Sm.
Hene slip value is
may
be nealecled as

where X Consbant

Normal opeabing Region CAD]

the moka is conlinuowsy openaked in this
ag1on. Fnom this Cuwe, we Can bmdensband the
 ollow ing lenms

(p Maximum tongue (pull aut tongye )

stanbing bonjue (T;t)

In kongye slip chaackenistiis,He sip is Ix
Sped is zer0. At his Condbion, Ue mmo tor procluces
a bomgae called slanbing kmq
Maximuy Torae
The bongye which the mobor procces al slip
se Sny is called marimury konee. This is also called
beak daon konque
F) Load Tongue.
In

Cornes ponds bo ful od tonqe of bhe mobon Normaly

Ful lond bn que is less than the mny imum tonquee.

The incal'on moton Comvenbs olelical

foucr into mechanical powen From be dingram
bulow, Vaious pouen Shages Can be amaly suf
This is he dainibon of the Fisny,
 ELecesical powen input to staton

Staton
output od stakon staton lu losses t
einput bo no bon Slaton inon losses

Rotor Ro bon Coppen (Rotar inon

JO45es ane
echaical pouwer Peu neghcbed)
develaped in roban
Fsiction k
(Pm) Caindage osses
Nechanical
Prme(echancal osses)
Load
powen autput

whoe

slalon.These losses
Calld stalon losses (L). These losses
Combinaton of stalo9 Core loss es & Sbabon Coppey

Con) Jrpud b the okon (Pa)

 the oton side, okor Coppes losses ((Pe) ot

gross mhani tal powen debped in robo fog is

he

robating Pant in indlion nobn mu haial

Due bo availabl
lossas (P)ocun Aher tHis , the powen is
the shall t is abo talle sefel
b he lod at
wen (on) shafl powen (t:)
power
Po Prs- Pml
P
roton inpal
Po
Elecbicl Powe input to statan
tyliakionc

byed in alhas, biling mahines,Jans, blowa,

wabon fumps gmin dos, printing nalhinas he..
i) shp Ring in eatbon hoton
Uyud in ip, hois tbs, Granes, ele vators,
Cons prass ons ete..
Popen Diode

Cons fnucbion nd chanallenisties ad Pauer Diodk

switched otf bhe lntenl
whonees the diode is
>no and anten Continues
da cays fom Ir b store i be spate
bo Hhe Charges
dineckion owg and he Semi ondacbor
churge region
Chanaten istis ot power Diocde
VI
Forvond chanallori'sbies
Diode

Forwand Bias

Revense characleistis
B

Foward charaslenisliea
 Raveese Bias

Revense chonaclenis
Forwend andJ Re
Re verse characlests ot Powen Diocle
volbag lt in bolage /rasheld sollage /
Baroucn volbage/
I, -Reverse Saboration lurtenl
VBR- Revevse Breakdown volbage.
Revese ReC Covey Time.

TRR

6)

Powen

c)
dode

Reverse telovey Charateris tis of ower Diode

 ka ’ tine wher chng om daplebion ugion
emovec
te ’ tine when Charge fom Sem iconduckon
emoved

bo
Em- Reuense Re Coveru Time is be bime bake stab
he ent rorm ON Skate to oFr
chang
4 Poweh MoSFET
MoSFET S a Speial bype of melal oxide
A powen
Som'Condu lan ield elet bransis tor. It is Speially
dsigned to hodl hijh -lael poue

p-channel MoSFET N- charnel MosFE r

These are three -teoind siicor olauices Bal wort

teminal
So that it Conbl lwrent Conducbion
Sourle rain teni'nals
opraking Bain ciple
Siroilan tbo norma MoSFETS, Ehese types od masMoSFE T5
betweeg
the koo teminals Ike Soure kdrain hrough chunging
on the gate bam inal

whee, Ip'
18 a leite Consbant

VGs 18a

Pouer moSFE T Con touclioy

Sorce brate

Nt
bale chanl
oxtde
Layen |P- Body H

N-Dailt Puasitie
BJT

N Subsbrate
Draiy

powen MoSFE TS are

Enhanlmanl bypes.
 ased to pn
enhamle the boltase
A dhipt layn i
MosFET. The stultue o!
tabing for pahanlement aud
Be vestical shape
the powen MoSFET

maily struclre will deeases the

o nent. So his loss
On-slabe esisanle d on- slabe
ohmic
Ragion

Vhs ineases

Va
Vens
o Pouwen MoSFET o powen MOSFE T

* Less oy- state

eyis tare * The oh -Sbate
18
* less Expensive
MosFET.
o on-s tate
Thus, be disipsbio
pouen 8
* Tt wses a
* the blocking Capau'by
ti's Mos FET.
 Agelicak'on3

(5) TuBT
The IG BT or Lbulated Gate Bipola Transis a
is he Com binalrou of BoT and
arc MOSFET Ts name
abo imp lies ba fusion bekues bhon "Tnsulabad lob
d MosFer hauing ny
inpedoute,

Consbuction of TonBT

bforon a pN pN sbrutkute. The calleckor (e) slecbrode

layeu Ap+ sabsbule

I G8T,
Constutbion o T BT.
E E
Emilter Gnate Enitben
Elocbrole
N+ Nt

N
pt Salostrste
coll eut on

The enitben and

aniten is diretly is dinatly otahad bbe wt
ogion wkil
dion ide lan. The base pt layer ijet hedes ito
it is calld njeton laye
working of Ta8T, vea
lI Grate
Meta
Elubsole

pt substate
Colleetos
 13

VI charabenishio of ItB7
bntke BsT,ToBT 6 a volbage - Controlled daia
a

a Smwall to

Conbol Hhe Colleubo Cwoenk Haueue, the

Bouskold voltage Lous

olbage
ohie
Ragion Activeo
Rag1on

VnES
VoE4

Braakplown Vent
VeaE

- VuETh VOE VCE

Aplitabios
skabe + bged in SMpS
t Ugod in Solan inventes

thas mS FET.
t Cannot block higher
erese voltage
Coubrol
tlecbuid braking

movins Ponts of the moton is Convebed ito

onegy whih is ether d'ssipbed ia
in a
shubual
esis tana o subned bo the supply Soce.

Thete
ethas of a sc moton
*plhosatad Bating on Dynawnie Brahig
o71 Revse lotenk Braking
on Dyrar ic Braking
La

wooring Sraaking
Comettad sisbante Rb. However ,
es

is lalt Conne Lbad to te Suppla.

Hanle, he mobon how wor ha as a

pooducig a

Regenekalive Bnaking

nmobons
on Reuerse Govent Bncking
Driving
whiel

Drive

Rag onrabise
Drauing model Engine brahieg Sewson
Conkailen
the
the aaboe
CoMneLbious
Be moton tols to polale ini the oppos ile direstion,
 La

Breakig
wkon Bhe oonabte Connecbons te pavesed,

He sorne d'retion. The plugging is maiaby wsed i

Chopper Conbrol od D dbive

chappors ae wsed in spad Gobrallag -f d
mobn. brenerally, when dc Gpply is gien b the
System ther in that Case Sped of bhe mobon is
chepes Tha Several

waikt, Snall, fest spouse

Size
 Chopper
W

Fo

Contoled Rediien Fed De Drives:

volbge fron an
an ac Sousle of fud
Louiablh de
Lolbge.Conbelle!
shabie wasd -leonod dis.
Cobrole ucbifen

Soune
+

La
OTheae phase pully Thee- phase hal
caboled Retifien Conbrolled zecbifer
La Ia
AC

Soule
Wa

Arre ATA
TT
Va

La
La

Racbifiars Figs. Ca) and (c) prov icle Cabol

de volye in aiber iebon od Bnfora, allow
knowy

Recifies f Fig. lb) and d)

onby in one dire

oper loop ond Closed loop schens of te drives,
Elebial dives have become he most essetil
now

attonplishes thrae kid f uorks

dbives maih

closed toop toubol of Dives,

Coubrol ystbs, tbere ae
open loop anc the otron is
ohe is
cosed loop Coabrol

OEhotemenk ot sped of ruspous

kypialy visaly supressal

-ed
 IA.
ofen Loop, Fyoe Dhobaes
Pouen input
Vale Conboled
Coukrolle
Vaable

Closed Loop , Figue 18

Com prato), Disknbanles
(eroh deteckon) Powe
Desjpad
Vale
(set Conbrollen syplem
Measoedvalus Fornnd loop
variable
MeAsing
means
Coubrolled
Vaviable
Fasd lack loop
ASowo dive is a prime ekanple of a closed
-lop Conbol sysle. 1t Cowboley, an
ampifi, acbiston o mo boy, ard Borme
fodback Guth resolves
Aod 1B ills brabes he Conlept of
an
oper lbop Conbro). ysto aoyg with a cosed