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Power Systems Question and Solution

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335 views7 pages

Power Systems Question and Solution

Uploaded by

jeyjeyochieng
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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POWER SYSTEM I: SIT-IN CAT

DATE: 24th Nov 2023 TIME 1 HR

ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS: 30 MARKS

1. Prove transmitting electric power at high voltages reduces volume of conductor material
(4 Marks)

Answer

From the expression, for given values of P, l, ρ and W, the volume of conductor material required
is inversely proportional to the square of transmission voltage and power factors. I.e, the greater
the transmission voltage, the lesser is the conductor material required.
2. A 100 MW steam station uses coal of calorific value 6400 kcal/kg. Thermal efficiency of the
station is 30% and electrical efficiency is 92%. Calculate the coal consumption per hour when
the station is delivering its full rated output. (4 Marks)

Answer

3. A 3-phase, 20 MVA, 10 kV alternator has internal reactance of 5% and negligible resistance.


Determine the external reactance per phase to be connected in series with the alternator so that
steady current on short-circuit does not exceed 8 times the full load current. (6 marks)

Answer
4. Prove that volume of a conductor material of 3-phase, 3-wire overhead transmission system is
1.5/cos2φ times that required for 2-wire d.c. system with one conductor earthed. (4 Marks)

Answer

Max. value of voltage between conductors = Vm

Max. voltage between each phase and neutral = Vm/√3

Therefore, r.m.s value of voltage/phase = Vm/√3* 1/√2 = Vm/√6


Hence, conductor volume = 1.5/cos2Φ times that required in 2-wire d.c. system
5. Discuss the TWO advantages of high transmission voltage (4 Marks)

Solution
i. Reduces volume of conductor material: – the volume of conductor material required is
inversely proportional to the squire of transmission voltage and power factor
3𝑃2 𝜌𝑙 2
(𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝑊𝑉 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
). The greater the transmission voltage,
the lesser is the conductor material required
ii. Increases transmission efficiency: – transmission efficiency increases when the line
√3 𝐽𝜌𝑙
voltage is increased. 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = [1 − ]
𝑉 cos 𝜃

iii. Decreases percentage line drop: – percentage line drop decreases when the
𝐽𝜌𝑙
transmission voltage increases. (% line drop = × 100)
𝑉

6. State Kelvin’s law and explain its importance in economics of power transmission. (2 marks)

Answer
Kelvin’s law of transmission: – maximum economy in electric transmission is obtained when the
annual interest and depreciation charges equal the cost of the energy loss. The most economical
area of conductor is that for which the total annual cost of transmission line is minimum.
The cost of conductor material is generally a very considerable part of the total cost of a
transmission line. Therefore, the determination of proper size of conductor for the line is of vital
importance.

7. An overhead line has a span of 150 m between level supports. The conductor has a cross
sectional area of 2 cm2. The ultimate strength is 5000 Kg/cm2 and a safety factor of 5. The
specific gravity of the material is 8·9 gm/cc. The wind pressure is 1·5 kg/m. Calculate the
height of the conductor above the ground level at which it should be supported if a minimum
clearance of 7 m is to be left between the ground and the conductor. (6 marks)
Solution

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