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JEE > IIT JEE Study Material > Basic Logic

Gates

Basic Logic Gates

Logic gates are an important concept if you are

studying electronics. These are important digital
devices that are mainly based on the Boolean
function. Logic gates are used to carry out logical
operations on single or multiple binary inputs and
give one binary output. In simple terms, logic
gates are the electronic circuits in a digital system.

In this lesson, we will further look at the different

types of basic logic gates with their truth table and
understand what each one is designed for.

Table of Content
Types of Basic Logic Gates
Application Of Logic Gates
De Morgan’s Theorem
Important Conversions

Types of Basic Logic Gates

There are several basic logic gates used in
performing operations in digital systems. The
common ones are;

OR Gate
AND Gate
NOT Gate
XOR Gate

Additionally, these gates can also be found in a

combination of one or two. Therefore we get other
gates such as NAND Gate, NOR Gate, EXOR
Gate, and EXNOR Gate.

Also Read: Transistor

OR Gate
In an OR gate, the output of an OR gate attains
state 1 if one or more inputs attain state 1.

The Boolean expression of the OR gate is Y = A +

B, read as Y equals A ‘OR’ B.

The truth table of a two-input OR basic gate is

given as;

A B Y

0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 1

AND Gate
In the AND gate, the output of an AND gate attains
state 1 if and only if all the inputs are in state 1.

The Boolean expression of AND gate is Y = A.B

The truth table of a two-input AND basic gate is

given as;

A B Y

0 0 0

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 1

NOT Gate
In a NOT gate, the output of a NOT gate attains
state 1 if and only if the input does not attain state
1.

The Boolean expression is:

Y = Ā
It is read as Y equals NOT A.

The truth table of NOT gate is as follows;

A Y

0 1

1 0

When connected in various combinations, the

three gates (OR, AND and NOT) give us basic
logic gates such as NAND, and NOR gates, which
are the universal building blocks of digital circuits.

NAND Gate
This basic logic gate is the combination of AND
and NOT gates.

The Boolean expression of the NAND gate is:

–
Y = A. B
The truth table of a NAND gate is given as;

A B Y

0 0 1

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 0

NOR Gate
This gate is the combination of OR and NOT gate.

The Boolean expression of NOR gate is:

–
Y =A+B
The truth table of a NOR gate is as follows;

A B Y

0 0 1

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 0

Exclusive-OR gate (XOR Gate)

In an XOR gate, the output of a two-input XOR
gate attains state 1 if one adds only input attains
state 1.

The Boolean expression of the XOR gate is:

A. B̄ + Ā. B
or
Y = A⨁B
The truth table of an XOR gate is;

A B Y

0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 0

Exclusive-NOR Gate (XNOR

Gate)
In the XNOR gate, the output is in state 1 when
both inputs are the same, that is, both 0 or both 1.

The Boolean expression of the XNOR gate

The truth table of an XNOR gate is given below;

A B Y

0 0 1

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 1

Application Of Logic Gates

Logic gates have a lot of applications, but they are
mainly based upon their mode of operations or
their truth table. Basic logic gates are often found
in circuits such as safety thermostats, push-button
locks, automatic watering systems, light-activated
burglar alarms and many other electronic devices.

One of the primary benefits is that basic logic

gates can be used in various combinations if the
operations are advanced. Besides, there is no limit
to the number of gates that can be used in a single
device. However, it can be restricted due to the
given physical space in the device. In digital
integrated circuits (ICs), we will find an array of the
logic gate area unit.

De Morgan’s Theorem
First theorem – It states that the NAND gate
is equivalent to a bubbled OR gate.

A.¯B = Ā + B̄
Second theorem – It states that the NOR gate
is equivalent to a bubbled AND gate.
–
A + B = Ā. B̄

Important Conversions
1) The ‘NAND’ gate: From ‘AND’ and ‘NOT’ gate.

Boolean expression and truth table :

–
Y = A. B
–A B Y′=A⋅B Y = A. B
Swipe left
0 0 0 1

0 1 0 1

1 0 0 1

1 1 1 0

(2) The ‘NOR’ gate: From ‘OR’ and ‘NOT’ gate

Boolean expression and truth table :

–
Y =A+B
–A B Y′=A+B Y = A + B
Swipe left
0 0 0 1

0 1 1 0

1 0 1 0

1 1 1 0

(3) The ‘XOR’ gate: From ‘NOT’, ‘AND’ and ‘OR’

gate.

The logic gate, which gives a high output (i.e., 1) if

either input A or input B but not both are high (i.e.
1), is called the exclusive OR gate or the XOR
gate. It may be noted that if both the inputs of the
XOR gate are high, then the output is low (i.e., 0).

Boolean expression and truth table:

A. B̄ + Ā. B
or
Y = A⨁B
A B Y

0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 0

(4) The Exclusive nor (XNOR) gate XOR + NOT

Boolean expression:
¯ B)
Y = (A ⨁

A B Output

0 0 1

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 1

Frequently Asked Questions

on Basic Logic Gates
What is the use of basic logic
gates?
Fundamental logical functions are
performed using basic logic gates.
These are the fundamental
components of integrated circuits.

What are the types of basic logic

gates?
AND gate, OR gate, XOR gate, NAND
gate, NOR gate, XNOR gate, and NOT
gate are the seven types of basic logic
gates.

What are universal gates?

A universal gate is a logic gate that can
implement any Boolean function
without using another logic gate. The
universal gates are the NOR and
NAND gates.

Test your Knowledge on

Basic Logic Gates

Put your understanding

of this concept to test by
answering a few MCQs.
Click ‘Start Quiz’ to
begin!

Select the correct answer and click on

the “Finish” button
Check your score and answers at the
end of the quiz

Start Quiz

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