Python Assign 1

Features of Python Programming
Answer all the following questions in correlation to my

Python Exam, make it detailed with simple and relatable
examples:
List the features of Python Programming Language
Python is a versatile and powerful programming language known for several key features
that make it popular among developers. Here are the main features of Python with simple
and relatable examples:
1. Easy to Read and Write

Simple Syntax: Python’s syntax is designed to be readable and straightforward, similar
to English, which makes it easier for beginners to learn.
Example:
python
# Python code to add two numbers

a = 5
b = 10
sum = a + b
print("Sum is:", sum)
Explanation: In Python, you don’t need to declare variable types explicitly. This simplicity
lets you focus more on the logic than on language specifics.
2. Interpreted Language
No Compilation Step: Python is an interpreted language, meaning the code is executed
line by line, which makes debugging easier.
Example:
python
# Python runs directly without compiling the code

print("Hello, Python!")
Printed with ChatGPT to PDF 1/29

Explanation: Unlike compiled languages (like C or Java), you don't have to compile your
Python code. The Python interpreter executes it directly, making it more flexible for
testing and quick changes.
3. Dynamically Typed
No Need to Declare Variable Types: You don’t need to define the type of variables (like
int , float , or string ). Python determines the type at runtime.
Example:
python
x = 10 # Python treats this as an integer

x = "Hello" # Now Python treats this as a string
Explanation: You can change the type of a variable on the fly. This dynamic typing allows
for faster development but may require more caution to avoid type-related errors.
4. Extensive Standard Library

Rich Collection of Pre-built Modules: Python comes with a large library of modules that
perform many tasks, from file I/O to complex mathematical calculations, without the
need to write everything from scratch.
Example:
python
import math
print(math.sqrt(16)) # Outputs 4.0
Explanation: The math module is part of Python’s standard library and provides access
to mathematical functions, so you don’t have to manually implement such functionality.
5. Cross-Platform Language
Run on Multiple Operating Systems: Python is platform-independent, meaning you can
run the same Python code on different operating systems (Windows, macOS, Linux)
without modification.
Example:

python
# A simple Python program runs on any OS

print("This will run anywhere!")
Explanation: You don’t need to worry about platform-specific issues while writing
Python code, making it ideal for cross-platform development.
6. Object-Oriented and Procedural

Supports Multiple Paradigms: Python supports both object-oriented programming
(OOP) and procedural programming. OOP allows you to create classes and objects, while
procedural allows for functions and modules.
Example (Object-Oriented):
python
class Dog:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def bark(self):
print(f"{self.name} says Woof!")
my_dog = Dog("Buddy")
my_dog.bark()
Explanation: Here, Python’s OOP features allow the creation of objects (like my_dog )
with methods like bark() .
7. Supports Multiple Programming Paradigms

Flexible: Python allows you to write code using different programming styles, such as
procedural, functional, and object-oriented programming.
Example (Functional):
python
def square(x):
return x * x

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]
squares = list(map(square, numbers))
print(squares) # Output: [1, 4, 9, 16]
Explanation: Python supports functional programming concepts like higher-order

functions and map() .
8. High-Level Language
Closer to Human Language: Python is a high-level language, meaning it abstracts away
most of the complexities of the machine, like memory management.
Example:
python
# Simple print statement

print("This is Python!")
Explanation: Python makes programming more intuitive by focusing on human-

readable syntax, letting you think more about the logic rather than the machine.
9. Extensive Community and Support

Community-Driven: Python has a large and active community, which means a vast
number of resources, tutorials, libraries, and support are available.
Example:
Popular libraries like NumPy (for scientific computing), Pandas (for data
manipulation), and Django (for web development) are created and maintained by
the Python community.
10. Integrated with Other Languages

Interoperability: Python can easily integrate with other programming languages like C,
C++, and Java using tools like ctypes or Jython .
Example:
python
# Python code can call C/C++ libraries for performance-critical tasks

from ctypes import CDLL

libc = CDLL("libc.so.6")
libc.printf(b"Hello, C from Python!\n")
Explanation: Python’s ability to interface with other languages makes it ideal for
combining the ease of Python with the speed of lower-level languages for critical
operations.
11. Garbage Collection

Automatic Memory Management: Python has an automatic garbage collector that
handles memory management, so developers don’t need to manually free up memory.
Example:
python
a = 5
a = None # Previous memory is freed automatically
Explanation: Python's memory management system automatically deallocates memory

that is no longer in use.
12. Supports GUI Programming

Graphical User Interface (GUI) Development: Python supports creating graphical user
interfaces using libraries like Tkinter , PyQt , etc.
Example (Tkinter):
python
from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
label = Label(root, text="Hello, Python GUI!")
label.pack()
root.mainloop()
Explanation: Using Tkinter , Python makes it easy to create desktop applications with
graphical interfaces.
These features together make Python a powerful, flexible, and easy-to-use language for
beginners and experts alike.

Explain the computer hardware architecture along with a
neat diagram..
What are the roles of a programmer? List any two skills
required to
be a programmer.
Computer Hardware Architecture

Computer hardware architecture refers to the structure and organization of the various
components of a computer system. It defines how different parts of the computer interact
with each other to perform tasks.
Main Components of Hardware Architecture:
1. Central Processing Unit (CPU):
The CPU is the brain of the computer. It performs arithmetic and logic operations,
controls all the other components, and processes instructions from programs.
The CPU consists of:
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Handles mathematical and logical operations.
Control Unit (CU): Directs the operations of the CPU by fetching and executing
instructions.
Registers: Small storage areas within the CPU that store temporary data and
instructions.
2. Memory (RAM):
Random Access Memory (RAM) is the temporary memory used by the computer to
store data that is actively being worked on.
RAM is volatile, meaning the data is lost when the computer is turned off.
3. Storage (HDD/SSD):
Hard drives (HDD) and solid-state drives (SSD) store data permanently. This includes
the operating system, applications, and user files.
Unlike RAM, data in storage is retained even when the power is off.
4. Input Devices:
Devices like keyboards, mice, and scanners allow users to interact with the computer
by sending data and commands to the system.

5. Output Devices:
Devices like monitors and printers display or produce the results of the computer’s
processing.
6. Motherboard:
The motherboard is the main circuit board that connects the CPU, memory, storage,
and other components. It serves as the communication hub for all hardware
components.
7. Bus:
A bus is a communication system that transfers data between the CPU, memory,
and other devices.
There are various types of buses, such as data bus (for transferring data), address
bus (for transferring memory addresses), and control bus (for controlling
operations).
8. Power Supply:
The power supply converts electrical power from an outlet into a form that the
computer components can use to function properly.
Neat Diagram:
Imagine a simple block diagram where each component is connected to the Motherboard
(acting as a central unit). The CPU is at the core, connected to RAM, Storage, and
Input/Output Devices via Buses.
1. CPU ↔ RAM
2. CPU ↔ Storage (HDD/SSD)
3. CPU ↔ Input Devices (Keyboard/Mouse)
4. CPU ↔ Output Devices (Monitor/Printer)

Roles of a Programmer
A programmer is responsible for writing, testing, and maintaining code that allows computer
applications and software programs to function. They play a critical role in software
development.
Main Roles:
1. Writing and Testing Code:
A programmer writes code in various programming languages like Python, Java, or

C++ to build software or applications.
They also test the code to ensure it works as expected, fixing any bugs or errors
along the way.
2. Debugging and Maintenance:
Once the code is written, a programmer continuously monitors the software for
errors or bugs and resolves these issues through debugging.
Maintenance involves updating the software over time to add new features or
improve performance.
Two Skills Required to Be a Programmer

1. Problem-Solving Skills:
A programmer must be able to break down complex problems into smaller,

manageable tasks and find efficient solutions. Strong logical thinking and
troubleshooting are key to solving challenges in programming.
2. Proficiency in Programming Languages:
A programmer should have a good understanding of one or more programming

languages (such as Python, Java, C++, etc.). The choice of language depends on the
specific job or project requirements. Knowledge of data structures, algorithms, and
coding best practices is also essential.
These skills ensure that a programmer can write efficient, functional, and maintainable code.

What are Python datatypes and expressions? Explain with
examples for
each
Python Datatypes and Expressions
1. Python Datatypes
Datatypes in Python define the kind of value a variable can hold. Python provides several
built-in datatypes to handle different types of data.
Here are the common Python datatypes with examples:
a. Numeric Datatypes
Integer ( int ): Used to store whole numbers (positive or negative).
Example:
python
age = 25
print(type(age)) # Output: <class 'int'>
Float ( float ): Used to store decimal (floating-point) numbers.
Example:
python
price = 99.99
print(type(price)) # Output: <class 'float'>
Complex ( complex ): Used to represent complex numbers with a real and imaginary
part.
Example:
python
num = 3 + 5j
print(type(num)) # Output: <class 'complex'>

b. Boolean Datatype ( bool )
Used to represent logical values: True or False .
Example:
python
is_valid = True
print(type(is_valid)) # Output: <class 'bool'>
c. String Datatype ( str )
A string is a sequence of characters enclosed within single ( ' ) or double ( " ) quotes.
Example:
python
name = "John"
print(type(name)) # Output: <class 'str'>
d. Sequence Datatypes
List ( list ): A mutable collection of items, which can store different datatypes.
Example:
python
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

print(type(fruits)) # Output: <class 'list'>
Tuple ( tuple ): An immutable collection of items.
Example:
python
dimensions = (1920, 1080)

print(type(dimensions)) # Output: <class 'tuple'>
Range ( range ): Represents a sequence of numbers.

Example:
python
numbers = range(5)
print(list(numbers)) # Output: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
e. Mapping Datatype
Dictionary ( dict ): Stores key-value pairs. Keys must be unique and immutable.
Example:
python
person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30}

print(type(person)) # Output: <class 'dict'>
f. Set Datatypes
Set ( set ): An unordered collection of unique items.
Example:
python
unique_numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 4}
print(unique_numbers) # Output: {1, 2, 3, 4}
Frozenset ( frozenset ): Similar to set , but immutable.
Example:
python
frozen = frozenset([1, 2, 3, 4])

print(type(frozen)) # Output: <class 'frozenset'>
g. NoneType
None: Represents the absence of a value.

Example:
python
result = None
print(type(result)) # Output: <class 'NoneType'>
2. Python Expressions
An expression is a combination of values, variables, operators, and function calls that

evaluates to a value.
a. Arithmetic Expressions
Used to perform mathematical operations.
Operators:
Addition: +
Subtraction: -
Multiplication: *
Division: /
Modulus: % (remainder of division)
Exponentiation: **
Example:
python
x = 10
y = 3
result = x + y # Addition
print(result) # Output: 13
result = x ** y # Exponentiation (10^3)

print(result) # Output: 1000

b. Comparison Expressions
Used to compare values and return a Boolean ( True or False ).
Operators:
Greater than: >
Less than: <
Equal to: ==
Not equal to: !=
Example:
python
a = 5
b = 10
print(a > b) # Output: False
print(a == b) # Output: False
c. Logical Expressions
Combine multiple conditions using logical operators.
Operators:
and : Returns True if both conditions are True .
or : Returns True if at least one condition is True .
not : Inverts the Boolean value.
Example:
python
a = True
b = False
print(a and b) # Output: False
print(a or b) # Output: True
print(not a) # Output: False
d. Assignment Expressions

Used to assign values to variables. Python also has an "assignment expression" (also
called the "walrus operator"), introduced in Python 3.8.
Operators:
= : Basic assignment.
:= : Walrus operator that assigns and returns a value at the same time.
Example:
python
x = 5 # Basic assignment
print(x) # Output: 5
# Walrus operator
print(x := 10) # Output: 10
print(x) # Output: 10
e. Membership Expressions
Used to check if a value is a member of a sequence (like a list, tuple, set, etc.).
Operators:
in : Returns True if the value exists in the sequence.
not in : Returns True if the value does not exist in the sequence.
Example:
python

print("banana" in fruits) # Output: True
print("grape" not in fruits) # Output: True
f. Identity Expressions
Used to check if two objects are the same (i.e., have the same memory location).
Operators:
is : Returns True if two objects refer to the same memory location.

is not : Returns True if two objects do not refer to the same memory location.
Example:
python
x = [1, 2, 3]
y = [1, 2, 3]
print(x is y) # Output: False (different memory locations)
print(x == y) # Output: True (same values)
In summary, datatypes define the type of values in Python, and expressions allow you to
perform operations on those values, resulting in a new value.
Demonstrate with example print (), input () and string

replication.
Here’s a detailed explanation of the print() , input() , and string replication in Python,
with examples for each:
1. print() Function
The print() function in Python is used to display output to the console.
Syntax:
python
print(object, ..., sep=' ', end='\n', file=sys.stdout, flush=False)
object: The value or variable you want to display.
sep: Specifies how multiple objects should be separated (default is a space ' ' ).
end: Specifies what to print at the end of the output (default is a newline \n ).
file: An optional file-like object to which the output is written.
flush: Specifies if the output is flushed immediately.
Example:

python
# Basic usage of print()

print("Hello, Python!") # Output: Hello, Python!
# Print multiple values

print("Age:", 25, "Location:", "New York") # Output: Age: 25 Location: New York
# Using custom separator and end character

print("apple", "banana", "cherry", sep=", ", end=".\n")
# Output: apple, banana, cherry.
2. input() Function
The input() function allows the user to take input from the keyboard. It always returns the
input as a string, even if the input looks like a number.
Syntax:
python
input([prompt])
prompt: Optional. A string that is displayed as a prompt to the user before input is
taken.
Example:
python
# Taking input from the user

name = input("Enter your name: ")
print("Hello, " + name + "!")
# Example Input: Alice
# Output: Hello, Alice!
# Taking numeric input

age = input("Enter your age: ") # This will store the age as a string

print("You are " + age + " years old.")
# Example Input: 30
# Output: You are 30 years old.
# If you want to perform calculations, you must convert it to an integer

age = int(input("Enter your age: "))
print("In 5 years, you will be:", age + 5)
# Example Input: 25
# Output: In 5 years, you will be: 30
3. String Replication
String replication is a simple way to repeat a string multiple times in Python. This is done
using the * operator with a string.
Syntax:
python
string * n
string: The string you want to replicate.
n: The number of times to repeat the string.
Example:
python
# Replicating a string
greeting = "Hello! " * 3
print(greeting)
# Output: Hello! Hello! Hello!
# Another example with a pattern

pattern = "* " * 5
print(pattern)
# Output: * * * * *

# Replicating strings with input
text = input("Enter a word: ")
repeat_count = int(input("How many times should it be repeated? "))
result = text * repeat_count
print(result)
# Example Input: Hi
# Example Input: 4
# Output: HiHiHiHi
Summary
print() displays output to the console.
input() takes input from the user as a string.
String replication allows repeating a string using the * operator.
Each of these features is simple and powerful, making them fundamental to interacting with
Python.
What are Variables and how they are declared and defined.
Explain Values, Types, Variables and Keywords with
example code in detail
1. What are Variables?

A variable is a named storage location in a program where data can be stored, modified, and
accessed. In Python, variables are dynamically typed, meaning you don’t need to explicitly
declare the type of a variable. You simply assign a value to a variable, and Python
automatically determines its type based on the value.
Declaration and Definition of Variables:
Declaration: In Python, variables are implicitly declared when you assign a value to
them.
Definition: Assigning a value to a variable is also its definition.
Example:
python

# Variable declaration and definition
x = 10 # Variable 'x' is declared and defined with the value 10
name = "Alice" # Variable 'name' is declared and defined with the value "Alice"
In the above code:
x is an integer variable.
name is a string variable.
2. Values, Types, Variables, and Keywords

Let’s break down these concepts in more detail:
a. Values:
A value is the actual data stored in a variable. Values can be of different types such as
numbers, strings, lists, etc.
Example:
python
num = 25 # 25 is the value

name = "Alice" # "Alice" is the value
Here, 25 and "Alice" are the values stored in the variables num and name .
b. Types:
Each value in Python has a specific type. The type defines what kind of value a variable holds
and what operations can be performed on it. Common types in Python include:
int: for integers (e.g., 10, -3)
float: for floating-point numbers (e.g., 3.14, -2.7)
str: for strings (e.g., "Hello", "Python")
bool: for Boolean values (True or False)
list: for lists of items (e.g., [1, 2, 3])

dict: for dictionaries (key-value pairs)
Example:
python
x = 10 # x is of type int
y = 3.14 # y is of type float
name = "Alice" # name is of type str
is_valid = True # is_valid is of type bool
You can check the type of a variable using the type() function:
python
print(type(x)) # Output: <class 'int'>

print(type(y)) # Output: <class 'float'>
c. Variables:
As mentioned earlier, a variable is a name that refers to a memory location where a value is
stored. Variables can be assigned different types of values, and they can change over time
(i.e., they are mutable).
Example:
python
score = 100 # score is a variable that holds an integer value

message = "Hello, World!" # message is a variable that holds a string value
In Python, variable names must follow certain rules:
Variable names must start with a letter (a-z, A-Z) or an underscore ( _ ).
They can contain letters, digits (0-9), and underscores.
Variable names are case-sensitive ( age and Age are different variables).
Valid Examples:
python

name = "Bob"
age = 25
_height = 5.9
student_1 = "John"
Invalid Examples (these will cause errors):
python
1st_student = "Alice" # Variable name cannot start with a digit

name! = "Bob" # Special characters are not allowed in variable names
d. Keywords:
Keywords are reserved words in Python that have special meanings and cannot be used as
variable names. Python has a set of built-in keywords that are used to define the syntax and
structure of the language.
Some common Python keywords are:
if , else , elif : used for conditional statements.
for , while : used for loops.
def : used to define functions.
class : used to define classes.
True , False : Boolean values.
None : represents the absence of a value.
You can get the list of all keywords in Python using the keyword module:
python
import keyword
print(keyword.kwlist)
Example of using keywords:
python

if age >= 18:
print("You are an adult.")
else:
print("You are a minor.")
Example of trying to use a keyword as a variable name (this will cause an error):
python
if = 10 # SyntaxError: invalid syntax, because 'if' is a keyword
Putting it All Together:

python
# Defining and assigning values to variables

age = 25 # 'age' is a variable holding the integer value 25
name = "Alice" # 'name' is a variable holding the string value "Alice"
height = 5.7 # 'height' is a variable holding the float value 5.7
is_student = True # 'is_student' is a variable holding the Boolean value True
# Checking the types of these variables

print(type(age)) # Output: <class 'int'>
print(type(height)) # Output: <class 'float'>
print(type(is_student)) # Output: <class 'bool'>
# Using a Python keyword in a conditional statement

if is_student:
print(name + " is a student.")
else:
print(name + " is not a student.")

Summary:
Values: The actual data stored in variables (e.g., 10 , "Alice" , True ).
Types: The datatype of a value (e.g., int , str , bool ).
Variables: Names that refer to a memory location where values are stored (e.g., age ,
name ).
Keywords: Reserved words in Python that cannot be used as variable names (e.g., if ,
else , for ).
By understanding how these components work together, you can write clear, efficient Python
code.
List and Explain various flow control statements used in

Python with an
example
Flow Control Statements in Python

Flow control statements allow you to control the execution flow of your program. Based on
conditions or certain criteria, these statements decide whether certain blocks of code should
be executed, skipped, or repeated.
There are three primary types of flow control statements in Python:
1. Conditional Statements (if-elif-else)
2. Looping Statements (while, for)
3. Control Statements within Loops (break, continue, pass)
1. Conditional Statements
Conditional statements allow the program to execute a certain block of code based on
whether a condition is True or False .
a. if Statement:
Executes a block of code if the condition is True .
Syntax:

python
if condition:
# Code to execute if the condition is True
Example:
python
age = 18
if age >= 18:
# Output: You are an adult.
b. if-else Statement:
If the condition in the if statement is False , the else block will be executed.
Syntax:
python
if condition:
# Code to execute if the condition is True
else:
# Code to execute if the condition is False
Example:
python
age = 16
if age >= 18:
else:
print("You are a minor.")
# Output: You are a minor.
c. if-elif-else Statement:
This structure is used when you have multiple conditions to check. The elif allows you to
add additional conditions between the if and else statements.

Syntax:
python
if condition1:
# Code to execute if condition1 is True
elif condition2:
# Code to execute if condition1 is False and condition2 is True
else:
# Code to execute if all conditions are False
Example:
python
marks = 85
if marks >= 90:
print("Grade: A")
elif marks >= 80:
print("Grade: B")
else:
print("Grade: C")
# Output: Grade: B
2. Looping Statements
Loops allow you to repeat a block of code multiple times based on a condition.
a. while Loop:
The while loop executes the block of code as long as the condition is True . It checks the
condition before every iteration.
Syntax:
python
while condition:
# Code to be executed while the condition is True

Example:
python
count = 0
while count < 5:
print("Count is:", count)
count += 1
# Output:
# Count is: 0
# Count is: 1
# Count is: 2
# Count is: 3
# Count is: 4
b. for Loop:
The for loop iterates over a sequence (like a list, tuple, string, or range) and executes the
block of code for each element in the sequence.
Syntax:
python
for variable in sequence:

# Code to be executed for each item in the sequence
Example:
python

for fruit in fruits:
print(fruit)
# Output:
# apple
# banana
# cherry
Using range() with for loop:
python

for i in range(3):
print("Iteration:", i)
# Output:
# Iteration: 0
# Iteration: 1
# Iteration: 2
3. Control Statements within Loops

These statements are used to control the execution of loops (either to stop the loop or to
skip certain iterations).
a. break Statement:
The break statement is used to exit a loop prematurely, even if the loop condition is still
True .
Syntax:
python
break
Example:
python
for i in range(10):
if i == 5:
break
print(i)
# Output:
# 0
# 1
# 2
# 3
# 4

b. continue Statement:
The continue statement is used to skip the current iteration of the loop and move to the
next iteration.
Syntax:
python
continue
Example:
python
for i in range(5):
if i == 2:
continue
print(i)
# Output:
# 0
# 1
# 3
# 4
c. pass Statement:
The pass statement is a placeholder for future code. It doesn’t execute anything, but is used
when syntactically a statement is required.
Syntax:
python
pass
Example:
python
for i in range(5):
if i == 2:
pass # Placeholder, no action is taken
else:

print(i)
# Output:
# 0
# 1
# 3
# 4
Summary
Conditional Statements:
if : Executes a block of code if the condition is True .
if-else : Executes one block of code if the condition is True , otherwise executes
another block.
if-elif-else : Handles multiple conditions.
Looping Statements:
while : Repeats a block of code as long as the condition is True .
for : Iterates over a sequence.
Control Statements:
break : Exits the loop prematurely.
continue : Skips the current iteration and moves to the next.
pass : Acts as a placeholder and does nothing.
These flow control statements allow you to control the execution flow of your Python
programs effectively.

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Features of Python Programming

Answer all the following questions in correlation to my

1. Easy to Read and Write

# Python code to add two numbers

# Python runs directly without compiling the code

Printed with ChatGPT to PDF 1/29

x = 10 # Python treats this as an integer

4. Extensive Standard Library

Printed with ChatGPT to PDF 2/29

# A simple Python program runs on any OS

6. Object-Oriented and Procedural

7. Supports Multiple Programming Paradigms

Printed with ChatGPT to PDF 3/29

Explanation: Python supports functional programming concepts like higher-order

# Simple print statement

Explanation: Python makes programming more intuitive by focusing on human-

9. Extensive Community and Support

10. Integrated with Other Languages

# Python code can call C/C++ libraries for performance-critical tasks

Printed with ChatGPT to PDF 4/29

11. Garbage Collection

Explanation: Python's memory management system automatically deallocates memory

12. Supports GUI Programming

from tkinter import *

Printed with ChatGPT to PDF 5/29

Computer Hardware Architecture

Main Components of Hardware Architecture:

1. Central Processing Unit (CPU):

The CPU consists of:

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Handles mathematical and logical operations.

Printed with ChatGPT to PDF 6/29

2. CPU ↔ Storage (HDD/SSD)

3. CPU ↔ Input Devices (Keyboard/Mouse)

4. CPU ↔ Output Devices (Monitor/Printer)

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1. Writing and Testing Code:

A programmer writes code in various programming languages like Python, Java, or

2. Debugging and Maintenance:

Two Skills Required to Be a Programmer

A programmer must be able to break down complex problems into smaller,

2. Proficiency in Programming Languages:

A programmer should have a good understanding of one or more programming

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Python Datatypes and Expressions

Here are the common Python datatypes with examples:

Integer ( int ): Used to store whole numbers (positive or negative).

Float ( float ): Used to store decimal (floating-point) numbers.

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Used to represent logical values: True or False .

c. String Datatype ( str )

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

Tuple ( tuple ): An immutable collection of items.

dimensions = (1920, 1080)

Range ( range ): Represents a sequence of numbers.

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person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30}

Set ( set ): An unordered collection of unique items.