DEPARTMENT OF MARITIME STUDIES CHAPTER 11: Impulse and Momentum

MARINE ENGINEERING PHYSICS

MEP152S

1. What impulse does the force shown in Figure below exert on a 250 g particle?

2. What is the impulse on a 3.0 kg particle that experiences the force shown in Figure blow?

3. Figure blow is an incomplete momentum bar chart for a collision that lasts 10 ms. What are the
magnitude and direction of the average collision force exerted on the object??

4. A 2.0 kg object is moving to the right with a speed of 1.0 m/s when it experiences the force
shown in Figure below. What are the object’s speed and direction after the force ends?

5. A 250 g ball collides with a wall. Figure below shows the ball’s velocity and the force exerted on
the ball by the wall. What is vfx, the ball’s rebound velocity?
6. A 12,000 kg railroad car is rolling at 3 m/s when a 3000 kg load of gravel is suddenly dropped in.
What is the car’s speed just after the gravel is loaded?
7. An open-topped freight car of mass 10,000 kg is coasting with-out friction along a level track in
heavy rains, falling vertically downward. Initially the car is empty and is moving with a velocity of
0.88 m/s. What is the velocity of the car after it has collected 1000 kg of water?
8. Fred (mass 60 kg) is running with the football at a speed of 6.0 m/s when he is met head-on by
Brutus (mass 120 kg), who is moving at 4.0 m/s. Brutus grabs Fred in a tight grip, and they fall to
the ground. Which way do they slide, and how far?The coefficient of kinetic friction between
football uniforms and Astroturf is 0.30.
9. A marble weighing 100 g is moving at 5 m/s. It strikes an-other marble weighing 40 g, which is at
rest. What is the speed of each marble immediately after the collision?
10. A proton is traveling to the right at 2.0 * 107 m/s. It has a head-on perfectly elastic collision with a
carbon atom. The mass of the carbon atom is 12 times the mass of the proton. What are the speed
and direction of each after the collision?

11. A 50 g ball of clay traveling at speed v0 hits and sticks to a 1.0 kg brick sitting at rest on a
frictionless surface.
a. What is the speed of the brick after the collision?
b. What percentage of the mechanical energy is lost in this collision?

12. A package of mass m is released from rest at a warehouse loading dock and slides down the 3.0-m-
high, frictionless chute of Figure below to a waiting truck. Unfortunately, the truck driver went on
a break without having removed the previous package, of mass 2m, from the bottom of the chute.
a. Suppose the packages stick together. What is their common speed after the collision?
b. Suppose the collision between the packages is perfectly elastic. To what height does the
package of mass m rebound?

13. A 70.0 kg football player is gliding across very smooth ice at 2.00 m/s. He throws a 0.450 kg football
straight forward. What is the player’s speed afterward if the ball is thrown at
a. 5.0 m/s relative to the ground?
b. 15.0 m/s relative to the player?
14. Dan is gliding on his skateboard at 4.0 m/s. He suddenly jumps backward off the skateboard,
kicking the skateboard for-ward at 8.0 m/s. How fast is Dan going as his feet hit the ground?Dan’s
mass is 50 kg and the skateboard’s mass is 5.0 kg.
15. At the center of a 50-m-diameter circular ice rink, a 75 kg skater traveling north at 2.5 m/s collides
with and holds on to a 60 kg skater who had been heading west at 3.5 m/s.
a. How long will it take them to glide to the edge of the rink?
b. Where will they reach it? Give your answer as an angle north of west.
16. A rocket in deep space has an empty mass of 150 kg and exhausts the hot gases of burned fuel at 2500 m/s.
What mass of fuel is needed to reach a top speed of 4000 m/s?
17. A rocket in deep space has an exhaust-gas speed of 2000 m/s. When the rocket is fully loaded, the
mass of the fuel is five times the mass of the empty rocket. What is the rocket’s speed when half
the fuel has been burned?.
18. A 500 g cart is released from rest 1.00 m from the bottom of a frictionless, 30.0° ramp. The cart
rolls down the ramp and bounces off a rubber block at the bottom. FIGURE P11.40 shows the
force during the collision. After the cart bounces, how far does it roll back up the ramp?

19. Air-track gliders with masses 300 g, 400 g, and 200 g are lined up and held in place with
lightweight springs compressed between them. All three are released at once. The 200 g glider flies
off to the right while the 300 g glider goes left. Their position-versus-time graphs, as measured by
motion detectors, are shown in Figure below. What are the direction (right or left) and speed of the
400 g glider that was in the middle?.

20. Squids rely on jet propulsion to move around. A 1.50 kg squid (including the mass of water inside
the squid) drifting at 0.40 m/s suddenly ejects 0.10 kg of water to get itself moving at 2.50 m/s. If
drag is ignored over the small interval of time needed to expel the water (the impulse
approximation), what is the water’s ejection speed relative to the squid?
21. You are part of a search-and- Package rescue mission that has been called out to look for a lost
explorer. You’ve found the missing explorer, but, as Figure below shows, you’re separated from
him by a 200-m-high cliff and a 30-m-wide raging river. To save his life, you need to get a 5.0 kg
package of emergency supplies across the river. Unfortunately, you can’t throw the package hard
enough to make it across. Fortunately, you happen to have a 1.0 kg rocket intended for launching
flares. Improvising quickly, you attach a sharpened stick to the front of the rocket, so that it will
im-pale itself into the package of supplies, then fire the rocket at ground level toward the supplies.
What minimum speed must the rocket have just before impact in order to save the explorer’s life?

22. An object at rest on a flat, horizontal surface explodes into two fragments, one seven times as
massive as the other. The heavier fragment slides 8.2 m before stopping. How far does the lighter
 fragment slide? Assume that both fragments have the same coefficient of kinetic friction.

23. You have been asked to design a “ballistic spring system” to measure the speed of bullets. A spring whose
spring constant is k is suspended from the ceiling. A block of mass M hangs from the spring. A bullet of
mass m is fired vertically upward into the bottom of the block and stops in the block. The spring’s
maximum compression d is measured.

a. Find an expression for the bullet’s speed vB in terms of m, M, k, and d.

b. What was the speed of a 10 g bullet if the block’s mass is 2.0 kg and if the spring, with k = 50 N/m,
was compressed by 45 cm?
24. In Figure below, a block of mass m slides along a frictionless track with speed vm. It collides with a
stationary block of mass M. Find an expression for the minimum value of vm that will allow the
second block to circle the loop-the-loop without falling off if the collision is (a) perfectly inelastic
or (b) perfectly elastic.

25. A 20 g ball is fired horizontally with speed v0 toward a 100 g ball hanging motionless from a 1.0-
m-long string. The balls undergo a head-on, perfectly elastic collision, after which the 100 g ball
swings out to a maximum angle 𝜃𝜃𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 50°. What was v0?
26. A 20 g ball of clay traveling east at 2.0 m/s collides with a 30 g ball of clay traveling 30° south of
west at 1.0 m/s. What are the speed and direction of the resulting 50 g blob of clay?
27. A 2100 kg truck is traveling east through an intersection at 2.0 m/s when it is hit simultaneously
from the side and the rear.(Some people have all the luck!) One car is a 1200 kg compact traveling
north at 5.0 m/s. The other is a 1500 kg midsize trav-eling east at 10 m/s. The three vehicles
become entangled and slide as one body. What are their speed and direction just after the
collision?
28. A rocket in deep space has an empty mass of 150 kg and exhausts the hot gases of burned fuel at
2500 m/s. It is loaded with 600 kg of fuel, which it burns in 30 s. What is the rocket’s speed 10 s,
20 s, and 30 s after launch?
29. A 1000 kg cart is rolling to the right at 5.0 m/s. A 70 kg man s standing on the right end of the cart.
What is the speed of the cart if the man suddenly starts running to the left with a speed of 10 m/s
relative to the cart?
30. The air-track carts in Figure below are sliding to the right at 1.0 m/s. The spring between them has
a spring constant of 120 N/m and is compressed 4.0 cm. The carts slide past a flame that burns
through the string holding them together. Afterward, what are the speed and direction of each cart?