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Exp4 Assignment Template

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13 views8 pages

Exp4 Assignment Template

Uploaded by

Ganesh Pawar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experiment 4 assignment template

Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics

Month/Year

Declaration

I confirm that I have read and understood the University’s


definitions of plagiarism and collusion from the Code of
Practice on Assessment. I confirm that I have neither
committed plagiarism in the completion of this work nor have
I colluded with any other party in the preparation and
production of this work. The work presented here is my own
and in my own words except where I have clearly indicated
and acknowledged that I have quoted or used figures from
published or unpublished sources (including the web). I
understand the consequences of engaging in plagiarism and
collusion as described in the Code of Practice on Assessment
Part A: Introduction to the Emona Telecoms-
Trainer 101 (15 Marks)

Connect the master signal from the kit to the oscilloscope’s Ch-1.
Sketch Ch-1 output in the grid below (Figure 2), recording
amplitude, period and frequency. [1 mark]

Locate the Buffer module and connect the setup in Figure 3.


Calculate the buffer’s gain mentioning the uncertainty in this
measurement. [1 mark]

Connect the master signal 100 kHz SIN to Ch-1 and 100 kHz COS
to Ch-2, as in Figure 4. Sketch both signals, recording amplitude,
period, frequency and phase shift, making note of the uncertainty
in each of these measurements. [1 mark]

– Amplitude:
– Period:
– Frequency:
– Phase shift:

Question 1. What do you expect the theoretical phase shift


between SIN and COS to be, and why your measurement value
does not match it? [2 marks]

Question 2 [1 mark]. Can you sketch the signal? Why?


Locate the adder module and connect the setup shown in Figure
6. Find out the maximum gain for input A, and then connect the
setup in Figure 7. Find out the maximum gain for input B, noting
the uncertainty in this measurement.

Max Gain for input A = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1 mark]


Max Gain for input B = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1 mark]

Question 3 [1 mark] Write down the equation that represent the


output to Ch-2.

Question 4 [2 marks] What is the maximum amplitude of the


resulting signal (the signal of the summation)?

Question 5 [2 marks] Is it right to say: Max amp of the summation


output signal (A+B) = max amp of A + max amp of B? Why?

Question 6 [2 marks] What will happen if there is phase shift


between the two added signals?

Part B: Sampling and reconstruction (25 Marks)


Question 7 [2 marks]: What is the name of this sampling type?

Question 8 [2 marks]: Why it is called by that name?

Draw the frequency domain view of the sampled signal. [1 mark]


Draw the two signals of Ch-1 and Ch-2 to the same scale using
different colours. [2 marks]

Question 9 [2 marks]. What is the name of this sampling type?

Question 10 [2 marks]. Why it is called by that name?

Question 11 [2 marks]. From your general knowledge, what is the


theoretical frequency range for the speech signal?

Draw the signal from Ch-1 and Ch-2 overlapped and to the same
scale with different colours. [2 marks]

Question 12 [2 marks]. What is the bandwidth of the Low-pass


filter? Why?

Question 13 [2 marks] Measure the minimum sampling frequency


without getting aliasing?

Question 14 [2 marks] What is the minimum theoretical sampling


frequency at which the message signal (2 kHz) can be
reconstructed without distortion? Why?
Question 15 [2 marks]. Why is the measured value larger than the
theoretical value?

Part C: PCM encoding (25 Marks)

Draw the FS, PCM data and the clock signals, dividing the graphs
into three areas, one for each signal. Annotate in your drawings
the start and the end of each bit and frame, and indicate bit-0
and bit-7 of each frame. [3 marks]

Question 16 [2 marks] What is the binary number that the PCM


Encoder module is generating?

Question 17 [2 marks]. Why does the code change even though


the input voltage is fixed?

Question 18 [2 marks]. Why does the PCM Encoder module output


this code for 0 V DC and not 00000000?

What is the analogue voltage for 11111111 binary output? [2


marks]

What is the analogue voltage for 00000000 binary output? [2


marks]
Question 19 [2 marks]. What is the maximum amplitude of the
analogue signal that can be transmitted by this PCM system?

Question 20 [2 marks]. What is the resolution of this PCM


encoder? Why?

Question 21 [2 marks] What is the name of the difference


between a sampled voltage and its closest quantisation level?

Question 22 [3 marks]. How could you reduce this difference?

Question 23 [3 marks]. Why does the code on PCM Encoder


module’s output change even when you are not making a sound?

Part D: PCM decoding (10 Marks)


Question 24 [2 marks] What must be done to the PCM Decoder
module’s output to reconstruct the message properly? Why?

Question 25 [2 marks]. Why isn’t the reconstructed message a


perfect replica of the original message?

Encoding and decoding of speech [6 marks]. Draw a diagram to


encode and decode the speech signal, and connect your
suggested setup. Add proper module to make the reconstructed
(decoded) signal more like the original message signal.

Part E: Bandwidth limitation and restoring digital


signals (15 Marks)
Question 26 [2 marks]. Why does bandwidth limitation of the
channel cause the PCM Decoder module to generate incorrect
output?

Question 27 [2 marks]. If reducing the channel bandwidth is


distorting the signal, how could this be compensated for?

Question 28 [2 marks]. What is the difference between the


original and the restored signal?

Question 29 [3 marks]. Why do some DC voltages cause the


comparator to output wrong information?

Question 30 [3 marks]. Why does the comparator begin to output


wrong information when this control is turned far enough?
Question 31 [3 marks]. How can the comparator restore the
bandwidth limited digital signal when it is so distorted?

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