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135 views5 pages

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Uploaded by

प्रा युवराज वासुदेव खडके
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Formulas and functions in worksheets are essential for performing calculations, analyzing data,

and automating tasks in both Microsoft Excel and Google Sheets. Here’s a guide to some of the
most commonly used formulas and functions:

1. Basic Formula Structure

In both Excel and Google Sheets, a formula always begins with an equal sign (=), followed by
the operation or function you want to perform.

 Example: =A1 + B1 will add the values in cells A1 and B1.

2. Common Arithmetic Formulas

 Addition: =A1 + B1
 Subtraction: =A1 - B1
 Multiplication: =A1 * B1
 Division: =A1 / B1
 Exponentiation: =A1 ^ B1 (e.g., A1 raised to the power of B1)

3. Common Functions

1. SUM Function (Adds a range of numbers)

 Syntax: =SUM(A1:A10)
 Example: =SUM(B2:B10) adds all the values from B2 to B10.

2. AVERAGE Function (Calculates the average of a range)

 Syntax: =AVERAGE(A1:A10)
 Example: =AVERAGE(C2:C10) returns the average of values from C2 to C10.

3. MIN and MAX Functions (Finds the smallest and largest value in a range)

 Syntax for MIN: =MIN(A1:A10)


 Syntax for MAX: =MAX(A1:A10)
 Example: =MIN(D1:D10) finds the smallest value in the range D1

4. COUNT and COUNTA Functions (Counts the number of cells with numbers or non-empty
cells)
 COUNT: Counts cells with numbers.
o Syntax: =COUNT(A1:A10)
o Example: =COUNT(E1:E10) counts the number of numeric values in the range E1

 COUNTA: Counts non-empty cells (with any data).


o Syntax: =COUNTA(A1:A10)
o Example: =COUNTA(F1:F10) counts all non-empty cells in the range F1

5. IF Function (Performs a logical test and returns a value based on the outcome)

 Syntax: =IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)


 Example: =IF(A1 > 10, "Pass", "Fail") checks if the value in A1 is greater than 10,
returning "Pass" if true and "Fail" if false.

6. CONCATENATE (or CONCAT) Function (Joins multiple text strings into one)

 Syntax: =CONCATENATE(text1, text2, ...)


 Example: =CONCATENATE(A1, " ", B1) joins the text in A1 and B1 with a space in
between.
 In Google Sheets: Use =CONCAT(A1, B1).

7. TEXT Function (Formats numbers as text)

 Syntax: =TEXT(value, format)


 Example: =TEXT(A1, "0.00") formats the value in A1 with two decimal places.

4. Lookup Functions

1. VLOOKUP Function (Vertical lookup; searches for a value in the first column of a range and
returns a value in the same row from another column)

 Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])


 Example: =VLOOKUP("John", A1:C10, 2, FALSE) looks for "John" in the first column of
the range A1

and returns the value in the second column of the same row.
2. HLOOKUP Function (Horizontal lookup; searches for a value in the top row of a range and
returns a value in the same column from another row)

 Syntax: =HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num, [range_lookup])


 Example: =HLOOKUP("Product", A1:D5, 3, FALSE) searches for "Product" in the top row
and returns the value from the 3rd row in the same column.

5. Date and Time Functions

1. TODAY Function (Returns the current date)

 Syntax: =TODAY()
 Example: =TODAY() returns today’s date.

2. NOW Function (Returns the current date and time)

 Syntax: =NOW()
 Example: =NOW() returns the current date and time.

3. YEAR, MONTH, DAY Functions (Extracts parts of a date)

 Syntax:
o =YEAR(A1) returns the year from the date in A1.
o =MONTH(A1) returns the month from the date in A1.
o =DAY(A1) returns the day from the date in A1.

4. DATEDIF Function (Calculates the difference between two dates)

 Syntax: =DATEDIF(start_date, end_date, unit)


 Example: =DATEDIF(A1, B1, "Y") returns the difference between A1 and B1 in years.
 Units can be:
o "Y" for years
o "M" for months
o "D" for days

6. Text Functions

1. LEFT and RIGHT Functions (Extracts a specified number of characters from the left or right
side of a text string)

 LEFT Syntax: =LEFT(text, num_characters)


o Example: =LEFT(A1, 3) returns the first three characters from the text in A1.
 RIGHT Syntax: =RIGHT(text, num_characters)
o Example: =RIGHT(A1, 2) returns the last two characters from the text in A1.

2. MID Function (Extracts a substring from the middle of a text string)

 Syntax: =MID(text, start_num, num_characters)


 Example: =MID(A1, 2, 3) extracts three characters starting from the second character in
A1.

3. LEN Function (Counts the number of characters in a text string)

 Syntax: =LEN(text)
 Example: =LEN(A1) returns the number of characters in the text of A1.

7. Logical Functions

1. AND Function (Returns TRUE if all conditions are true)

 Syntax: =AND(condition1, condition2, ...)


 Example: =AND(A1 > 5, B1 < 10) returns TRUE if both conditions are true.

2. OR Function (Returns TRUE if at least one condition is true)

 Syntax: =OR(condition1, condition2, ...)


 Example: =OR(A1 > 5, B1 < 10) returns TRUE if at least one condition is true.

3. NOT Function (Reverses a logical value)

 Syntax: =NOT(logical)
 Example: =NOT(A1 > 5) returns TRUE if A1 is not greater than 5.

8. Array Functions (Google Sheets Exclusive)

1. ARRAYFORMULA (Applies a formula to a range of cells at once)

 Syntax: =ARRAYFORMULA(formula)
 Example: =ARRAYFORMULA(A1:A10 * B1:B10) multiplies corresponding cells in A1

and B1
.

2. SPLIT Function (Splits text into multiple cells)

 Syntax: =SPLIT(text, delimiter)


 Example: =SPLIT(A1, " ") splits the text in A1 based on spaces.

9. Advanced Functions

1. SUMIF and COUNTIF Functions (Performs summing or counting based on a condition)

 SUMIF Syntax: =SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range])


o Example: =SUMIF(A1:A10, ">10", B1:B10) sums the values in B1

where the corresponding value in A1

is greater than 10.

 COUNTIF Syntax: =COUNTIF(range, criteria)


o Example: =COUNTIF(A1:A10, ">=50") counts the number of cells in A1

with values greater than or equal to 50.

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