Excel Basic Formula’s and how to use them:

Formula Definition How to use:

IF Checks a condition and returns =IF(condition, value_if_true,
one value if true, another if false. value_if_false)

Example:
“Please Display yes if the
number is greater than 10 .”

=IF(A1>10, "Yes", "No")

Count Counts the number of cells that =COUNT(range)
contain numbers.
Example:
“How many students are in the
class? “

=COUNT(A1:A10)
CountIf Counts the number of cells that =COUNTIF(range, criteria)
meet a specified condition.
Example:
“count how many students
scored 75 or Higher”

=COUNTIF(A1:A10, ">=75")
SumIf Adds up the cells that meet a =SUMIF(range, criteria,
specified condition. [sum_range])

Example:

Find the total sales amount for

products that have sold more
than 50

( the range would be the Product

column, ">50" is the criteria,
meaning you want to sum the
prices for products that sold more
than 50 units, the sum range,
meaning you want to add up the
corresponding prices for the
products that meet the criteria.)

=SUMIF(A1:A10, ">50", B1:B10)

Sum Adds up all the numbers in a =SUM(range)
range.
Example:
“calculate total sales”

=SUM(A1:A10)
Max Returns the largest number in a =MAX(range)
range.
Example
“ find the highest mark”

=MAX(A1:A10)
Min Returns the smallest number in a =MIN(range)
range.
Example:
“ find the lowest mark”
 =MIN(A1:A10)
Average Calculates the average of a =AVERAGE(range)
range of numbers.
Example:
“find the average mark”

=AVERAGE(A1:A10)
Round Rounds a number to a specified =ROUND(number, num_digits)
number of digits.
Example:
“round the number in cell A1 to 2
digits”

=ROUND(A1, 2)
Small Returns the k-th smallest number =SMALL(range, k)
in a range.
Example:
“find the 2nd Smallest number”

=SMALL(A1:A10, 2) (returns the

2nd smallest number)
Large Returns the k-th largest number =LARGE(range, k)
in a range.
Example:
“find the 2nd largest number”

=LARGE(A1:A10, 2) (returns the

2nd largest number)
Counta Counts the number of non-blank =COUNTA(range) Example:
cells in a range. =COUNTA(A1:A10)
CountBlank =COUNTBLANK(range)

Counts the number of blank cells Example:

in a range. “ count the amount of blank cells”

=COUNTBLANK(A1:A10)

Rand Returns a random number = RAND()

between 0 and 1.
Returns a random number
between a certain range

Randbetween Returns a random number =RANDBETWEEN(bottom, top)

between two specified numbers.
Example:

=RANDBETWEEN(1, 100)

Now Returns the current date and =NOW()

time.
Today Returns the current date. =TODAY()

Hour Extracts the hour from a time =HOUR(time) Example:

value. =HOUR(NOW())
Minute Extracts the minute from a time =MINUTE(time) Example:
value. =MINUTE(NOW())
Second Extracts the second from a time =SECOND(time) Example:
value. =SECOND(NOW())
Basic Operations Using Cell References:

1. Addition:
 Task: Add the values in cells A1 and B1.
 Example: If A1 contains 5 and B1 contains 10, enter =A1+B1 in another cell, like C1.
 Result: =A1+B1 will display 15.

2. Subtraction:
 Task: Subtract the value in B1 from the value in A1.
 Example: If A1 contains 10 and B1 contains 4, enter =A1-B1 in C1.
 Result: =A1-B1 will display 6.

3. Multiplication:
 Task: Multiply the values in A1 and B1.
 Example: If A1 contains 3 and B1 contains 7, enter =A1*B1 in C1.
 Result: =A1*B1 will display 21.

4. Division:
 Task: Divide the value in A1 by the value in B1.
 Example: If A1 contains 20 and B1 contains 4, enter =A1/B1 in C1.
 Result: =A1/B1 will display 5.

5. Percentage:
 Task: Calculate what percentage of A1 is B1.
 Example: If A1 contains 50 and B1 contains 10, enter =B1/A1*100 in C1.
 Result: =B1/A1*100 will display 20%.

6. Power:
 Task: Raise the value in A1 to the power of the value in B1.
 Example: If A1 contains 2 and B1 contains 3, enter =A1^B1 in C1.
 Result: =A1^B1 will display 8.

Example Spreadsheet:
Notes:

A B C D
 Cell References: By using references like A1,
5 10 =A1+B1 15 B1, etc., Excel dynamically updates the results
10 4 =A2-B2 6 if the values in the referenced cells change.
3 7 =A3*B3 21  Arithmetic Operators:
20 4 =A4/B4 5  + for addition
50 10 =B5/A5*100 20%  - for subtraction
2 3 =A6^B6 8  * for multiplication
 / for division
 ^ for power/exponentiation