NCFE Entry

Level 3
Certificate in
Essential
maths in
Everyday Life
(610/0655/5)

Unit 07: Understanding and using time

and temperature (L/650/1894)

Learner Workbook
Name
Tutor

1
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Unit 07 - Understanding and using time and temperature

Overall learning outcomes

By the end of this unit, you will:

1. Be able to understand the different formats used to show, measure and

record time
2. Be able to measure time
3. Be able to understand temperature scales

You will be able to:

1.1 Read and record time in 12-hour and 24-hour formats

2.1 Measure time in 12-hour and 24-hour formats
3.1 Identify common temperature scales
3.2 Read and record temperature to the nearest labelled or unlabelled
division
3.3 Compare temperature readings

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Learning outcomes

LO1 - Be able to understand the different formats used to show, measure

and record time.

Key Terms

12-hour format
24-hour format
Digital
Analogue
Convert

AC1.1 - Read and record time in 12-hour and 24-hour formats

We usually show the time in hours and minutes using an analogue clock
or a digital clock.
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 Digital clock Analogue
Analogue clocks show all the numbers on the clock and have hands
that point to the time.
clock
The big hand (or longest hand) points to the number of minutes, and
the small hand points to the number of hours.

Analogue clocks use a 12-hour system.

We must write am and pm after the time to show if it is morning or
afternoon/evening.
We use am to record times between midnight and 12 o'clock mid-
day (12 hours).
For example, 3.30am and 7.15am are examples of morning times.

We use pm to record times from 12 o'clock mid-day to midnight

(12 hours).
For example, 1.30pm and 8.15pm are examples of afternoon and
evening times.

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 00:00 03:00 06:00 09:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 00:00

AM PM

The time is written in hours and minutes. So 3 o’clock in the afternoon

would be written like this using the 12-hour format:
3.00pm

When you are reading analogue clocks, you can read the exact time
(in hours and minutes) by looking at the hands of the clock.
When the larger hand is on the 12, that means the time is exactly on
the hour and the smaller hand will show you what hour that is.
This analogue clock is showing 7.00 or exactly seven. This will be
true for morning and afternoon times. If it is morning, the time
becomes 7.00 am, and if it is afternoon, it will be 7.00 pm.

We can divide the analogue clock into half or quarters when

describing time.
A clock has 60 minutes in total, so if we split it into 4 (quarters) each
quarter is 15 minutes.
15 minutes x 4 = 60

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 When the larger hand moves
clockwise from 12 to 3 it has moved
15 minutes.
That is a quarter of the way around
the clock.

We say this is quarter past the hour because the longer hand has
moved 15 minutes, which is a quarter of an hour.
For example, the analogue clock above shows 3.15
You can say this time two different ways:

The time is three fifteen

The time is quarter past

three
(15 minutes past 3 o’clock)

When the larger hand has moved

clockwise around the clock from 12 to 6,
it has moved 30 minutes.
It has moved half-way around the
clock.

We say this is half past the hour.

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For example, the analogue clock above is showing half past 11 or
11.30

You can say this time in two different ways:

The time is half past eleven

The time is eleven thirty

When the larger hand has moved

clockwise around the clock from 12 to
9, it has moved 45 minutes.
That is three quarters of the way
around the clock.
This means there is only one quarter
left until the larger hand gets back to
12, which will be the next hour!

You write this time as 2.45

This is because the small hand hasn’t got to 3 yet so the hour must be 2.

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You can say this time in two different ways:

The time is two forty-five!

(2 hours and 45 minutes)

The time is quarter to three!

(15 minutes until 3 o’clock)

The other type of clock is a digital clock which just shows numbers
for the time, so they do not need hands.

Because there are 60 minutes in an hour, half

past becomes 30, because 30 is half of 60.
For example, the digital clock to the right is
1: 30
showing half past 1 or 1:30.

Because there are 60 minutes in an hour,

quarter to becomes 45 because there has been 45 minutes since the
last hour.
That only leaves 15 minutes until the next hour.
For example, the digital clock to the right is
showing quarter to 8.
7: 45
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The 24-hour clock
You will have noticed how the times on bus timetables, train
timetables and airports are in the 24-hour clock format. That is to
make sure nobody gets confused as to whether the arrival times are
in the morning or at night!

24-hour clock time is used in computers, mobile phones, military,

public safety, and transport.
Can you imagine if a timetable said:
Bus Arrival 8 o’clock
It does not say am or pm so you would not know if that was 8 o’clock
in the morning or at night!
The 24-hour clock is a way of telling the time where the day runs from
midnight to midnight and is divided into 24 hours, numbered from 0 to
24.
It does not need to use a.m. or p.m.

A time in the 24-hour clock is written in the form hours: minutes

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Numbers under 10 which are in the morning, usually have a zero in
front such as 01:00 which would be one o’clock in the morning.

For example, 11.00 am in a 24-hour digital clock will show as:

11: 00

11.00 pm will be 23:00, like this:

23: 00

You just need to remember to add 12 to any time after midday to

convert to the 24-hour format.
So, like above, 11.00pm is 11 + 12 = 23

Below is a side-by-side comparison of the 24-hour clock and AM/PM:

24-hour clock AM/PM

00:00 12.00 am or midnight
01:00 1.00 am
02:00 2.00 am
03:00 3.00 am
04:00 4.00 am
05:00 5.00 am
06:00 6.00 am
07:00 7.00 am
08:00 8.00 am

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09:00 9.00 am
10:00 10.00 am
11:00 11.00 am
12:00 12.00 pm or noon
13:00 1.00 pm
14:00 2.00 pm
15:00 3.00 pm
16:00 4.00 pm
17:00 5.00 pm
18:00 6.00 pm
19:00 7.00 pm
20:00 8.00 pm
21:00 9.00 pm
22:00 10.00 pm
23:00 11.00 pm

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Practical task - AC1.1

Have a look at a train timetable online.

Chose a train route going from your local station to a place you would
like to visit for the day.

You would be returning home in the afternoon.

Convert all the times that are after midday into the 12-hour format.

Write your answers below – include the 24-hour format and the 12-hour
format.

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Practice - AC1.1

1. Match the correct digital time to the analogue clocks.

09: 00

14: 30

11: 15

22: 30

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2. Match the correct written times to the analogue clocks.

Quarter past two

Half past ten

Four o’clock

Quarter to five

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3. Complete the table with times of a 24-hour digital clock to match the
given times in a 12-hour analogue clock.

Question 12-hour format 24-hour format

1. 10.00 AM

2. 9.00 AM

3. 3.00 PM

4. 7.00 PM

5. 23:00

6. 02:00

7. 18:00

8. 12:00 AM or Midnight

9. 06:00

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Learning outcomes

LO2 - Be able to measure time.

Key Terms

Units of measurement
Seconds
Minutes
Hours

Let’s have a quick refresh of time facts.

There are 60 seconds in 1 minute.

There are 60 minutes in 1 hour.

There are 24 hours in a day.

7 days in a week

52 weeks in a year

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AC2.1 Measure time in 12-hour and 24-hour formats

What units of measurement should we use?

Seconds – we use seconds if we want to measure a very short length of

time, something that would be quick like a short sprint or exercise or
maybe if someone was being timed to answer a question in a quiz.

You would normally use a stopwatch or stop clock to measure seconds.

Digital ones are easier to read, but you must also be able to read
analogue ones. You will often see clocks with a large hand (minutes)
small hand (hour) and another smaller hand which is counting the
seconds.

For example, the world’s top athletes can sprint 100 metres in less than
10 seconds!

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Minutes - used for measuring time that is quite short, but more likely to
be longer than 60 seconds, such as a short journey, gym session or TV
programme. You could use a stopwatch or timer on your phone to
measure minutes.

A football match lasts 90 minutes with a 15-minute break at half time.

This means the total time would be 105 minutes.

What would this be in hours?

We know 60 minutes is 1 hour and 105 minutes is more than 60 so it is

longer than an hour.

60 x 2 is 120 and 105 is less than 120 so it isn’t 2 hours long.

If we take 60 away from 105, we are left with 45.

So, the match is 1 hour and 45 minutes long altogether.

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You can use an analogue clock to measure minutes by monitoring how
far the big hand has moved around the clock. There are 5 minutes
between each number on an analogue clock.

On this clock you can also see

the thinnest hand which is
counting the seconds.

If you left home to go to the shop when the big hand was on 12, and you
got back when it was on the 6, that means you were gone for 30
minutes.

Hours - used for measuring longer periods of time this could include
your working hours for the day or how long a film or show lasts.

If you start work at 9.00am and you finish work at 5.00pm, how many
hours have you worked if you had an hour for lunch?

Answer = 7 hours

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Practice – AC2.1

1. You get on the bus to go to work at this time:

You arrived at work at 8.54am. How long did your journey take?

2. You finished work at 5.45pm. You got a lift home with your friend.
When you got home, your clock showed this time:

a) How long did the journey home take?

b) What time is this in 12-hour format?

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3. A local company has three different 8-hour shifts available for
employees. Below are the start times.

a) Write in the end times for each shift in 24-hour format.

06:00

14:15

22:30

b) Write the shift times out again in 12-hour format

4. The cinema showing time for a film is 18:45. If you leave the cinema
at 21:10, how long was the film?

5. Selina set off at this time in the

morning to drive down south to see her
sister. The journey took her 5 hours.
What time did she arrive at her
sister’s?

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Learning outcomes

LO3 - Be able to understand temperature scales

Key Terms

Temperature
Degree Celsius (oC)
Degree Fahrenheit (oF)
Thermometer
Digital
Scale
Increase
Decrease

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AC3.1 – Identify common temperature scales

Temperature is a measure of how hot or how cold something is. For

example, we may need to know the temperature of an oven for a certain
food or what the temperature it is outside, so we know what coat to
wear!
Temperature in the UK is generally measured in Degrees Celsius which
is shown as ˚C
We can also measure in Degrees Fahrenheit which is shown as ˚F.
Some countries, such as the USA, use Degrees Fahrenheit as their main
unit for temperature.
We measure temperature using a thermometer.
There are different types of thermometers, and they can be digital
(electric) or use a scale.
A room thermometer is used to measure the indoor temperature. You
might see the temperature on your central heating system at home or at
work.
A weather thermometer is used for measuring the temperature outside.

Room thermometer Weather

thermometer
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A cooking thermometer has a digital display and is used for checking the
temperature inside meat to check it is cooked and safe to eat.

A digital thermometer can be used to check your temperature. A normal

reading for body temperature is 37˚C

Some thermometers have scales with marked divisions on them like the
one below.

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That means there are small markers in between the numbers, so you
need to check what each little marker represents to read the scale
correctly.

This thermometer has a scale that goes

up in tens so you will see there are ten
small markers in between the numbers.
Each one represents 1˚C

There is a halfway point between

numbers which has a slightly bigger
mark so it can be seen more clearly.
This makes it easier to read.

This would be -15˚C

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Practice AC3.1

Look at the thermometers.

What scale do each of the thermometers go up in?

1.

2.

3.

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AC3.2 Read and record temperature to the nearest labelled or
unlabelled division
AC3.3 Compare temperature readings

We measure temperature by looking how far the red mercury (this is the
chemical name for the liquid inside the thermometer) has moved up the
scale.
For example, the following thermometers read:

35 ˚OC 20 ˚OC

100 ˚OF 140 ˚OF

We can compare the temperatures on thermometers by reading the

temperature from the scale and comparing which number is larger.

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 Hint/Tip

Remember we can only compare temperatures in the same units.

The temperature of London and New York is shown below.

Which is hotter?

London New York

We can read that London has a temperature of 25 ˚OC and New York
has a temperature of 35 ˚OC.

We know that 35 is a larger number than 25, so New York must be

hotter than London.

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Practice AC3.2 and AC3.3

1. Match each thermometer to the correct temperature:

40˚OC

110˚OF

30˚OC

10˚OC

2. A chef measures the internal temperature of two different size

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cooked chickens. Chicken needs to be 75˚C or above to be safe to eat.

The small chicken measured 78O˚C.

The larger chicken measured 65˚OC.

Which chicken is ready to eat?

3. Jo is booking a holiday and is comparing the temperatures of

Portugal and Egypt.

The average temperature in Portugal is 26O˚C.

The average temperature in Egypt is 31O˚C.

If Jo wants to travel to the hottest destination, where should she go to?

4. Karl is a gardener and was checking the temperature of his

greenhouse compared to the temperature outside.

a) Which is hottest?

b) What is the difference between the two temperatures?

Greenhou Outside
se

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5. Henri is a nurse, and is taking a baby’s temperature.
Any temperature hotter than 38O˚C signals that the baby has a fever.

The temperature reading is as shown:

a) What is the temperature reading?

b) Is the temperature hotter than 38˚C?

6. Water freezes at 0˚C. Mark on the thermometer below where this

temperature is.

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Knowledge Check

1. Draw the 24-hour format time onto the analogue clock faces.

14: 30

21: 15

18: 00

23: 45

2. Write the following times in 24-hour format.

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 a) Quarter past two in the afternoon

b) Half past ten at night

c) Four o’clock in the afternoon

d) Quarter to five in the morning

3. What times do these clocks show? Give your answer in 12-hour

format.

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4. You meet up with a friend for breakfast at 9.15am. When you leave,
the clock shows the following time:

How long were you with your friend?

5. You have a job interview at 4.00pm. This is the time you left the
interview.

a) How long were you in the interview?

b) How much time had passed between leaving your friend after
breakfast and going into the interview?

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6. Look at this poster for a local summer festival.

Sun Fest!
Don’t miss the bands!
Sun Stage
2.00pm Space
3.50pm SunChyne
6.00pm Starz
7.45pm Astral Project

a) If each band is on for 90 minutes, how long are the bands on

altogether?

b) Your friend wants you both to go and get something to eat at

12.15 but you don’t want to miss Space. How long will you have
to eat before the band come on?

c) Your friend has offered to pick you up from the festival when the
last band has finished. What time will you tell your friend to
come?

7. You have a meeting with your manager at 3.00pm. You still need to
prepare! You look at your watch:

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How long have you got until your meeting?

8. You have been shopping in the city and you are catching the train
back to Southton. The timetable gives the following information:

Station

City 15:00 15:49 16:45 17:35

Retail Outlet 15:21 16:10 17:06 17:56

Industrial Park 15:42 16:31 17:27 18:17

Southton 16:05 16:54 17:50 18:40

The time is 2.45pm and you are walking to the station which will take
you 20 minutes.

a) What time will you arrive at the train station?

b) What time is the next train you would be able to catch

home?

c) How long will you have to wait at the station for this train?

d) How long does it take to get from the city to Southton?

9. Look at these thermometers.

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 A B

a) What scale
do they use?

b) Which one shows the highest temperature?

c) What temperature does A show in ˚C?

d) What is the difference in temperature between them?

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10. A normal body temperature is 37˚C.

This is a person’s temperature on a digital thermometer. What does the

reading tell you?

11.

a) Freezers should be zero degrees or lower to be working

correctly. Tick the thermometers that show the right temperature
for a freezer.

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 A B C

b) What are the temperatures on the three thermometers?

c) What is the difference in temperature between the highest

temperature and the lowest?

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