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XI Determinant-1

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18 views9 pages

XI Determinant-1

Uploaded by

unikgotslept
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Determinants:

a) Determinant of 2x2 matrix:


𝑎 𝑏
Let a 2x2 matrix A = then the determinant of A, denoted by det.(A)
𝑐 𝑑
or 𝐴 is defined as (-)
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
𝐴 =
𝑐 𝑑 𝑐 𝑑
= ad – bc (+)
Examples:
4 2
i) = 4×1 – 3×2 = 4 – 6 = -2
3 1
3 2
ii) = 3× (−6) - (-7)×2 = -18 + 14 = -4
−7 −6
−4 2
iii) = -4 - 6 = – 10
3 1
−4 −2
iv) = -4 + 6 = 2
3 1
b) Determinant of 3x3 matrix:
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
Let A = 𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2 be a 3x3 matrix. Then the determinant of A is defined as
𝑎3 𝑏3 𝑐3

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
𝐴 = 𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
𝑎3 𝑏3 𝑐3
𝑏2 𝑐2 𝑎2 𝑐2 𝑎 𝑏2
= 𝑎1 - 𝑏1 𝑎 𝑐 + 𝑐1 2
𝑏3 𝑐3 3 3 𝑎3 𝑏3
= 𝑎1 (𝑏2 𝑐3 − 𝑏3 𝑐3 ) - 𝑏1 (𝑎2 𝑐3 −𝑎3 𝑐2 ) + 𝑐1 (𝑎2 𝑏3 −𝑎3 𝑏2 )
= 𝑎1 𝑏2 𝑐3 −𝑎1 𝑏3 𝑐3 - 𝑏1 𝑎2 𝑐3 +𝑏1 𝑎3 𝑐2 + 𝑐1 𝑎2 𝑏3 −𝑐1 𝑎3 𝑏2

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1 𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1 𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
Step I: 𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2 step II: 𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2 step III : 𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
𝑎3 𝑏3 𝑐3 𝑎3 𝑏3 𝑐3 𝑎3 𝑏3 𝑐3
𝑏2 𝑐2 𝑎2 𝑐2 𝑎2 𝑏2
𝑎1 −𝑏1 𝑎 𝑐3 + 𝑐1
𝑏3 𝑐3 3 𝑎3 𝑏3
3 2 4
Examples: i) Let A = 1 4 3
2 3 1
3 2 4
∴ 𝐴 = 1 4 3
2 3 1
4 3 1 3 1 4
=3 -2 +4
3 1 2 1 2 3
= 3 (4×1 - 3×3 ) - 2 (1×1 - 2×3 ) + 4(1× 3 - 2× 4 )
= 3 (4 – 9) – 2 (1 -6 ) + 4 (3 – 8 )
= 3 × (-5) – 2 × (-5) + 4 ×(-5)
= - 15 + 10 – 20
= - 25
1 −2 4
4 −3 0 −3 0 4
ii ) 0 4 −3 = 1 +2 +4
1 1 −2 1 −2 1
−2 1 1
= 1 (4 + 3) + 2 (0 -6 ) + 4 (0 + 8 )
= 1× 7 + 2× (-6) + 4× 8
= 7 – 12 + 32
= 27

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