IRRIGATION & DRAINAGE

QUESTION NO:

01 (a) Describe necessity of irrigation. Enumerate the ill-effect and benefits of irrigation.
(b) The gross command area (GCA) of an irrigation minor channel is 10000 hectares.
The culturable command area (CCA) is 75% of GCA. The intensities of irrigation for
Kharifand Rabi are 50% and 55% respectively. If the duties for Kharifand Rabi are 120
hectares/cumec and 140 hectares/cumec respectively, determine the discharge at the
head of the channel considering 20% provisions for transmission loss, over lape
allowance, evaporation loss etc. prob. (3 NN Basak page 31)

02. Explain the advantages and drawbacks of famers and irrigation engineers Participatory
Irrigation Management (PIM). Describe progress and potential of Sindh Irrigation
Development Authority (SIDA). What are the improvement in Sindh irrigation sector
could brought by SIDA.

03. Determine irrigation schedule in days to supply water in order to ensure efficient
irrigation maximum crop yield for following data:
(i) Daily evapotranspiration of the crop = 14 mm
(ii) Field capacity of soil = 28%
(iii) Permanent wilting point = 15%
(iv) Dry density of soil (clay loam) = 17 kN/m3
(v) Effective root zone depth = 0.7 m
(BC Punmia page 55 Example 3.7.)

04. (a) What are the methods of discharge and velocity measurement of a River?

(b) Use Blaney-Criddle's equation for wheat crop irrigation. The given data as crop
factor, k = 0.78, cumulative monthly cu factor, f= 42.5 em and average effective rain
fall of the crop season, R 2.8 em determine following: (i)
evapotranspiration/consumptive use (ii) consumptive irrigation requirement (CIR) (iii)
field irrigation requirement (FIR), if water application efficiency is 0.73. (Example 3.8
p 81- 84 BC punmia

05 (a) Drive the following expression to determine yield of well when penetrated fully in
unconfined aquifer (Figure of flow geometry must be drawn)

(L + ~)
Q = 2;rKs w
In (R /r w )

(b) Calculate discharge from the tubewell penetrated fully in unconfined aquifer for the
following data:
. i. Well diameter = 80 em
ii. Drawdown at well = 2.0 m
iii. Effective length of strainer under the above drawdown = 10m
 iv. Hydraulic conductivity = 0.06 cm/s
v. Radius of influence = 350 m

06. (a) What do you understand by agricultural land drainage? Describe its objectives
and benefits.
(b) Explain your understanding of water logging, soil salinity and measures to control
waterlo gging.

07. Describe benefits of flood control in perspective of economics also explain methods of
flood mitigation works with the support of sketches. NN Basak page 301-305
09. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of inundation irrigation system also describe
fundamental differences between the inundation irrigation system and perennial
irrigation system.

10 Write brief note any FOUR of the following:

(i) Types of irrigation (ii) Duty, Delta and Base period (iii) Tile drainage
system (iv) Types of tube well (v) Water bearing formation (vi) Methods
of Open Drain maintenance
 ~l Nc5\-.r to 13
SINDH PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION, HYDERABAD.
Combined Competitive Examination for Engineering Cadre for the post of Assistant
Executive Engineer/Assistant Engineer (Civil) BPS~17 in Different Departments,
Government of Sindh to be held in January, 2018

IRRIGATION & DRAINAGE

Wednesday the 10th January, 2018

Time: 02:00 pm to 05: 00 pm Maximum marks: 100

Note: ATTEMPT ANY 05 QUESTIONS. ALL QUESTIONS CARRY EQUAL MARKS.

Question No:
01 Describe benefits of flood control in perspective of economics. Also explain methods of
flood mitigation works with the support of sketches.

02 /netermine irrigation schedule in days to supply water In order to ensure efficient

C/ icigation for maximum crop yield for following data:
(i) Daily evapotranspiration of the crop = 14 mm
(ii) Field capacity of soil = 28% p.)
(iii) Permanent wilting point = 15%
(iv) Dry density of soil (clay loam) = 17 kN/m3
(v) Effective root zone depth = 0.7 m

03)« What are the methods of discharge and velocity measurement of a River?
Use Blaney - Criddle's equation for wheat crop irrigation. The given data as crop
factor, k = 0.78, cumulative monthly cu factor, f = 42.5 em and average effective CS).
rain fall of the crop season, R = 2.8 em determine following
(i) evapotranspiration/consumptive use
(ii) Consumptive irrigation requirement (CrR)
(iii) field irrigation requirement (FIR), if water application efficiency is 0.73.

~) What do you understand by agricultural land drainage? Describe its objectives

and benefits. . (~)
(b) Explain your understanding of water logging, soil salinity and measures to control
water logging.

05 Define and discuss the term 'water requirement of crops and irrigation efficiencies'. A
canal delivers 350 cusecs of water for 4 hours to irrigate 80 acres of land. Compute water

. : •• application efficiency if water stored in root zone is 1 ft.

06./ Describe distribution system for canal irrigation in detail. What improvement do you '")
V suggest to increase command area and yield given present water situation in the rivers ofCS _
Pakistan.

07 Define sub surface drains, describe various tile drainage systems. Determine the spacing
of tile drain, if annual rain fall = 100cm, drainage coefficient = 1% to be drained in 24
hours, depth of barrier = 10m, water table depth = l.5m, depth of drain = 2m and
permeability of soil 6x10.6 mls.

08 ~fine the types of irrigation. Enumerate and explain drawbacks of sub irrigation in (C;)
V ~e~all.

*************************************************
 DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES

QUESTION NO:

01 (a) Write a brief note on the imp of Mega Hydraulic Structures in development ofa nation.
(b) Describe in detail along sketches for designing high water head dam scheme with help
of following:
i. construction of high dam, ii. using natural water fall and iii. conveying water to lower
valley~: N~ #:( Aff. ~o/.'Y~

02. What is regime channel? Compute hydraulic design of earthen canal with full supply
discharge of30 m3/s is cross land whose slope is 118000. Lacey's silt factor in
neighboring canal system calculated from observed data comes to 0.9. (p 38 Iqtidar H.
Siddiqui)

03. Design a most economical trapezoidal of a canal having the following data:
i. Discharge of the canal = 21 m3/s
ii. Permissible mean velocity = 0.85 m/s
iii. Chezy's constant C = 44
iv. Side slope of canal = 1.5: 1
Find also the allowable bed slope of the canal. R. ' K.. R.a.! ~

04. Describe advantages of lined canal. A hydraulically efficient trapezoidal channel has side
slopes of 1:1. It is required to discharge 14 m3 Is with a gradient (channel slope) of 1 in
1000. If unlined, the value of Chezy's C is 45. If lined with concrete, the value is 70. If
the least cost per m3 of excavation is three times cost m2 of lining, will the lined or the
unlined channel be cheaper? P 903 R.K Rajput

05. (a) Explain the effects of constructing a Weir or Barrage on the regime of a River.
(b) Describe with equations and sketches a design of impervious upstream, downstream
floors and curtain walls. p 75-79 Iqtidar H. Siddiqui

06. (a) Describe cross drainage structure (super passage & siphonch).

(b) A canal is crossing a stream under siphonic condition. Design a siphon with following
data:

Stream

Discharge Q = 13 cumecs
Highest flood level = 500 (at the crossing)
Bed width, B = 30 m Continued on page 2 ...

Canal
Q= 2.5 cumecs
 v = 0.58 mls
n = 0.0225 (unlined)
Bed Level = 474.70
B.W. = 1.95 m
Full Supply depth = 1.30 m
Free board = 0.46
Hydraulic slope = 114100
( p 142- 144 I.H Siddin-qui)

06. (a) Distinguish modular and non-modular venture flume.

(b) Design an irrigation outlet as as non-modular pipe or barrel outlet for following data.
Discharge Q = 0.10 cumecs
Available Working Head Hw = 0.2 m

07. Explain the well irrigation system also describe types of wells for groundwater lifting.
Describe parts of Tube well. Prescribe design and construction parameters a tube well for
irrigation purposes.

08. What is design characteristics of a Sprinkler irrigation system? Write in detail advantages
and disadvantages of Drip irrigation system.

09. Design practical profile of gravity dam of stone masonary located R.L. of base and F.R.L.
are 1450 m and 1480.5 m respectively. Specific gravity and safe compressive stress of
stone masonary are 2.5 and 1250 kN/m2 respectively. Take height of waves as 1 m. (BC
punmia page 429-430).

10. Classify dams according to their use, hydraulic design and economic material of
construction. Compare Rock-fill dam and Gravity dam according to their advantages and
disadvantages in use. (BC punmia page 346-349 and page 354-357).
 SINDH PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION, HYDERABAD
Combined Competitive Examination for Engineering Cadre for the post of Assistant
Executive Engineer/Assistant Engineer (Civil) BPS-!7 in Different Departments of the
Government of Sindh.

DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES •.•~~

~,-".\ tI
Thursday the 11 th January, 2018
Time: 10:00 am to 01:00 pm. Maximum Marks: 100

NOTE: Attempt any five questions. All question carry equal marks.
Draw neat diagram where applicable. Assume suitable data if missing.

Question No.

01. (a) What are the causes of failure ofa weir/barrage founded on permeable soil due to
(i) surface flow; and (ii) sub-surface flow considerations? What precautions be
adopted to avoid such failures?

(b) How the preliminary depth of downstream(d/s) sheet pile is calculated? And how
it is checked for safety against piping during design of a hydraulic structure?

02 (a) Sketch the storage irrigation project and elaborate its various components.

(b) Determine (i) hydrodynamic earthquake pressure and (ii) its moment at a joint
situated 55 m below maximum water surface, for a 100 mhigh gravity dam with a
freeboard of 1m and upstream(u1s) slope 0.15:1. Take the value of acceleration
coefficient (l as 0.1.

ty;;o. at is regime channel? Compute hydraulic design of eartheri canal with full supply
3
I~C;. discharge of 30 m /s (cumecs) is cross land whose slope is 118000. Lacey's silt factor in
~ neighboring canal system calculated from observed data comes to 0.9.

rea) What do you understand about mean by Sensitivity and Flexibility of an outlet?
:\ How these can be related to each other mathematically?
.(:;J' (b) Design a suitable type of outlet for a discharge of 1.5 cusec on a distributary
having a full supply depth of 4.0 ft. and Full Supply Level (FSL) as 350.0. The
FSL in the watercourse is 347.0.

,:~5.y What factors necessitate lining the alluvial channels and what factors be
considered to choose appropriate type of lining?
\Q5/ (b) A trapezoidal line channel has a full supply capacity of 30 cumecs. It will be lined
with two layers of brick lining in cement mortar. The slope of country is very
steep and the canal will be aligned with hydraulic slope of 1:4900. Taking side
slope as 1:1 and considering B=D, design the channel. Also check the adequacy
of the designed channel section.

P.T.O
 06. (a) Why cross drainage structures are constructed? Being a Hydraulic
Engineer under what conditions you will suggest construction of a Siphon
Aqueduct?
(b) Design: (i) Drainage waterway; (ii) Canal waterway; (iii) Approach and
Departure transitions, for an aqueduct with the following data:

Canal Drain
Discharge = 30 cumecs High flood discharge = 250 cumecs
Bed width = 20 m HFL = 247.50 m
Depth of water = 1.50 m High flood depth = 2.50 m
FSL = 251.50 m General ground level = 250.0 m

07. Xci'J6£Write a brief note on the importance of Mega Hydraulic Structures in

V 4:?' development of a nation.
(b) Describe in detail along sketches for designing high water head dam
scheme with help of following:
(i) construction of high dam,
(ii) Using natural water fall and
(iii) Conveying water to lower valley.

~ Explain the well irrigation system. Describe types of wells for groundwater lifting. Also
~ describe parts of Tube well. Describe latest design and construction parameters of a tube
well for irrigation purposes.
au"/
**********************************

'-' ~ - ,..