3 Basics of Audio and Video Editing

Let us learn softwares that provide different types of

functionalists and support various
 Audio editing basics operations.
 Applications of audio editing Some of the examples of the free and
 Recording and exporting audio files open-source audio editing software are
 Editing audio files Audacity, Traverso DAW, Ardour,
Mixxx, Qtractor and various other
 Adding various effects on audio files commercial Software are also available.
 Basics of video editing We are using Audacity software in
 Types of video editing this chapter to demonstrate audio editing
 Principles of Video Editing operations.

 Creating Slides shows of pictures 3.2 Introduction about Audacity

 Adding effects, transitions and titles Roger B. Dannenberg, Professor of
to video Computer Science, Art & Music at
Carnegie Mellon University, started the
research project Audacity, along with his
3.1. Introduction
graduate student Dominic Mazzoni.
Audio editing is a process to edit, Today Audacity is one of the best audio
shorten, or shift a piece of music or editing software. Since it is Free and
spoken audio, increase or decrease speed Open-Source Software, the source code
and volume or to create loop of certain of the Software is available to all. This
portion of audio. Goal is to make it ideal open nature motivates people to donate
for listening more pleasurable. their time to fix bugs and make extensions.
Audio editing is a vast field. Following
are some of the areas of audio editing : Features of Audacity
Audacity allows you to record, export
• Radio Technician
and import various sound file formats,
• Sound Engineer and it has multiple plug-ins which enable
• DJ, Music Producer us to extend the functionality of Audacity.
• Film/Television Sound Recording We can apply lots of effects to sound and
even generate and mix sounds.
• Field Sound Engineer etc.
There are various audio editing
38
Applications of audio editing skills 2. How we place our microphone while
• Audio/Radio advertisement recording, affects the sound quality. It
must be steady and fixed at some
• Documentary films need audio editing
position while recording the audio.
to synchronize with the video
• Creating Podcasts 3. Recording 10 seconds of silence, in
the beginning, will give us room
• Recording speeches
ambient noise input. This recorded
• Creating sound stories silence then can be used later on in the
• Record sound for slides presentations audio editing software to remove the
• Editing or compiling songs together noise from the entire audio clip.
4. Recorded audio quality must be
Do it yourself
listened using headphones to get the
Install any Open Source mobile podcast precise sound. We can also use studio
app such as AntennaPod. monitor speakers for professional
audio productions.
3.3 Activities in audio editing :
5. Ensure to get the minimum or zero
Let`s see some of the activities involved
ambient noise.
in the audio editing
• Remove unwanted sound like breaths, Do it yourself
cough, ringing of the phone etc. Install Audacity on your computer
• Remove repeated dialogues. To install on Ubuntu using the terminal
• Add music to the beginning or at the $ sudo apt install audacity
end of video clips.
• Stretch/shorten audio and sound
effects according to the length of the
visual.
• Slice together audio recorded at
different sittings.
• Sync up different musical instruments
so that they all can sound on the beat. Fig. 3.1 : Recording Panel
• Loop, slice and edit beats.
Note : You may need to select the
Recording a good quality audio is an default recording and playback devices
art. Some of the tips to record a good for your system. You can select devices
quality sound are as follows- from , Edit  Preferences  Devices
1. A good quality external microphone
will give us an excellent quality of
sound
39
To start recording an audio :
1. Click on the Record Button in the
Control Tool bar, as shown in the
previous figure 3.1.
Fig. 3.2 : Stereo Waveform
2. Start your speech or message.
Figure 3.2 shows a stereo waveform.
3. Press the Pause Button in the Control The left channel is displayed in the top
Tool bar if you wish to pause your half of the track and the right channel in
recording at any point press it again the bottom half. The height of the wave
to resume recording. indicates the sound level.
4. Press the Stop Button in the Control 3.5 Export audio clips to various
Tool bar when you have finished your formats
recording.
Audacity allows us to export your
To listen to your recording : edited work into various following
1. Click on the Play Button in the Control formats AIFF, WAV 16 and 32 bit, Mp3
Tool bar as shown in figure 3.1. files, Ogg files etc. We can set following
various quality parameters as shown in
2. Click on the Stop Button or Pause
following figure.
Button in the Control Tool bar to stop
or pause the playback.
3. We can adjust the volume (at which
you listen to our recording) using the Fig. 3.3 : Export Audio Options
Playback Volume slider in the Mixer A) Bit Rate Mode
Tool bar.
1. Preset : It contains settings
3.4 Import Audio Files into Audacity recommended by the developers
for exporting audio files.
First launch Audacity, then import an
audio file by selecting File  Import • Insane : It is the best possible
Audio ( Ctrl + Shift + I ) Audacity can encoding quality. This preset
import many common audio file formats, has a constant bit-rate of 320 kbps,
including WAV, AIFF, and MP3. which is equivalent to 2.4 MB
per minute
If the optional FFmpeg library is
installed, a larger range of formats, • Extreme : Extremely high quality.
including WMA and the audio content of • Standard : Very good quality
most video files, can be imported. encoding.
A quicker method is to just drag and • Medium : Good sound quality
drop the file. suitable for casual listening or
portable devices.
40
2. Variable : This mode continuously
varies the bit rate used according to
the complexity of the sound, in an
attempt to maintain the quality of the
recording at a consistent level.
3. Constant : This sets a constant bit
rate for the encoding, regardless of its
complexity. Among the four bit rate
modes, this usually gives the worst,
least consistent quality for a given file Fig. 3.4 : Monaural Sound
size, but that size itself is completely
predictable. In stereophonic sound more channels
are used (typically two). We can use two
4. Average : It sets a known, average bit
different channels and make one channel
rate for the file, but within this average
feed one speaker and the second channel
permits some fluctuations in bit rate
feed a second speaker (which is the most
to reflect the relative difficulty of
common stereo setup). This is used to
encoding the file.
create directionality, perspective and
B) Quality space.
This list allows us to select the bit rate
in kbps (kilobits per second) for encoding
your file. A higher bit rate always gives
better quality but at the expense of a
larger file size and vice versa.
Variable Speed, Choice of speed is
available when using variable bit rate
encoding. It determines the speed and bit
allocation routines of the encoding
Fig. 3.5 : Stereophonic Sound
algorithm.
Once we set the parameters for
C) Channel Mode exporting the audio we will be prompted
These controls determine how two to edit the meta data tags which will be
channels of a stereo MP3 are encoded or nothing but the information associated
if exported, MP3 should always be mono. with the audio files being exported. This
In monaural sound one single channel information will be useful in the audio or
is used. It can be reproduced through music player.
several speakers, but all speakers are still Export to Multiple ( Ctrl + Shift + L )
reproducing the same copy of the signal. allows us to do multiple exports from
41
Audacity with one command. Steps to editing :
Export either multiple files based on 1. Keep ready audio file to edit.
the multiple tracks in the project, or based
2. Launch Audacity, then import an
on the labels in a single audio track. A
audio file by selecting File Import
great time saver for splitting up long
Audio.
recordings into separate CD tracks, or
archiving multiple working tracks. 3. We will get the waveform in the main
window. If the audio is a stereo
waveform, then the left channel is
displayed in the top shows half of the
track and the right channel in the
bottom, half of the track.
4. Listen to the imported audio.

Using Keyboard for selection :

• You can select audio entirely using
the left arrow, right arrow and other
keys.
Fig. 3.6 : Audio file meta tags • Press Left or Right to move the cursor
left or right respectively in the
Do it yourself waveform.
1. Record an interview of a person in • Hold down Shift while pressing Left
any field, prepare questions suppose or Right to create then extend a
to ask. Select Audio recording tools selection leftwards or rightwards
like Ex. Microphone, Mobile Phone, respectively.
record using audacity on your • Hold down Shift and Ctrl while
computer. pressing Left or Right to contract an
2. Export audio into various formats existing selection leftwards or
with different parameters set and rightwards respectively.
find out the differences in the audio
quality. We edit audio waveforms in Audacity
in the same way as we would edit text in
a word-processing document. When we
3.6 Editing an Existing Audio File are editing text we first select the text, we
We will import an existing sound file, want to change and then choose operations
remove at least 10 seconds of this file, we want to do with it. We might want to
apply a 1-second fade-out at the end, cut or copy the text, delete it, paste new
export the results, and play it. text in its place, or change it to bold. We
42
do the same thing in Audacity: first zoom point we are interested in, then click
and select the range of audio we want to the Zoom In button.
change, and then choose what we want to • If we make a mistake, we can always
do with it. click on Edit Undo. Audacity has
unlimited Undo and Redo. We can
undo our editing actions all the way
The above image shows Edit Toolbar back to when we imported the file.
with the Zoom buttons highlighted. These We can also Redo actions that we
are Zoom In tool, and Zoom Out tool. have undone.
Once we select the audio for some 3.7 Removing noise from the audio
duration we can press delete or use the recording.
cut tool.
1. Select the “silent” section of our
• Click on File  Export  Export audio, where it's just a noise.
Audio - the standard "Save" dialog
for our operating system appears. 2. Go to the Effects menu and click
Noise Removal.
• Give the file a different name.
Audacity always suggests a name for 3. Click Get Noise Profile.
the file that is the same as the name of 4. Select all of the audio from which we
our Audacity project. It is always best want that background noise to be
to alter this so we do not confuse your removed.
exported file with our Audacity 5. Go to the Effects menu and click
project. Noise Removal as shown in the
• Choose a location to save the file in figure 3.7.
the usual manner.
• At the bottom of the Save dialog is a
dropdown menu labeled "Format".
From this menu choose "WAV
(Microsoft) signed 16-bit PCM".
• There are no options for the WAV file
format, so there is no need to click the
Options button.
• Click the Save button to complete the
export of our project to a WAV file.
• To zoom in to get a closer look at the
waveform, first choose the Selection
Tool IBeam.png, then click near the Fig. 3.7 : Sound Effects
43
6. Adjust the settings if necessary • Change the quality of the sound.
(defaults are fine) and click OK. • Repair damaged audio.
7. Listen to ensure our audio doesn't • To make the sound play faster, slower,
sound like it's underwater. lower pitched or higher pitched.
• Add reverberation or echo.
• Remove vocals.
• Manipulate Audio.
In order to apply effect to the portion
of sound, select it and apply the filter with
its settings.
Some of the useful effects which we can
use are as follows-
1. Amplify : Increases or decreases the
volume of the audio we have selected.
2. Normalize : Use the Normalize effect
Fig. 3.8 : Noise Removal Options to set the maximum amplitude of a
track, equalize the amplitudes of the
3.8 Effects, Generators and Analyzers : left and right channels of a stereo
• An Effect changes the audio in some track and optionally remove any DC
way like artificially created or offset from the track.
enhanced sound 3. Fade In : Applies a linear fade-in to
• A Generator creates new audio, either the selected audio.
in an existing track or in a new track. 4. Fade Out : Applies a linear fade-out
• An Analyze tool performs analysis on to the selected audio.
a selection of audio - it does not 5. Bass and Treble : Increases or
change the audio and does not create decreases the lower frequencies and
new audio. higher frequencies of your audio
You can use the following operations independently; behaves just like the
on the audio using various effects- bass and treble controls on a stereo
system.
• Make the sound louder or quieter,
which is also called as increasing or 6. Equalization : Adjusts the volume
decreasing gain of sound. levels of particular frequencies like
treble/bass.
• Fade a section in or out.
7. Noise Reduction : This effect is ideal

44
 for reducing constant background sequence of the video shots and music
noise such as fans, tape noise, or and narration.
hums. It will not work very well for • Add effects, graphics, music, etc.
removing talking or music in the
• Change the style, pace or add effects
background.
to the video.
8. Change Pitch : Change the pitch of a
• Adding titles in the video.
selection without changing its tempo.
A video editing software allows us to
9. Change Speed : Change the speed of
do all the tasks mentioned above easily.
a selection, also changing its pitch.
It is used in the post production for video
10. Echo : You can make sound like echo. production. For the demonstration of all
Echo is a reflection of sound that video editing activities, we will be using
arrives at the listener with a delay Kdenlive video editor.
after the direct sound.
Different Types of Video Editing
There are three types of editing video
Do it yourself
techniques as follows.
Demonstrate various effects using an
audio clip, export all audio files with 1. Linear Editing : This is an old
all these various effects applied. technique and now it is not being used.
This technique uses several video
tapes in sequence and a single new
3.9 Video Editing video will be created.
Video editing is the process of 2. Non-Linear : Non-linear editing
manipulating raw videos, clips, images, enables direct access to any video
sounds to create a new movie or new frame in a digital video clip, without
video. having to play or go through adjacent
Videos editing includes the following footage to reach it. In this technique,
activities- all the videos are arranged in a
timeline using computer software like
• Rearranging, adding and removing Kdenlive and you can edit any part of
sections of video clips or audio clips. the video. Non- Linear editing is also
• Applying colour correction, filters called as Non-destructive editing. It is
and other enhancements. a form of audio, video and image
• Creating transitions between clips. editing in which the original content
is not modified in the course of editing.
• Removing unwanted footage or part
of the video, or selecting the best shot. 3. Live Editing : Multiple camera input
is given to the mixer and then the live
• Creating flow in the story with a
coverage of an event like sports
45
 broadcasts are provided here editing film we have 24 frames per second
happens in real time. • Frame rate is the frequency at which
In this chapter we will be learning consecutive images called frames
Non-linear / Non-destructive editing. appear on a display.
Video Editing Basics • Transition : It is a change from one
shot to the another we can use
In this section, we will study some
transitions like, dissolve where first
of the basic terms which beginners
shot gradually disappear and next
must know while doing performing video
become more visible.
editing.
• Video Import : Refers to the loading Video Recording Principles :
of a video captured from digital You may need to know some of the
camera to the computer. basics of the video recording; these are
• Video footage : Its a raw material of very useful to keep your videos consistent
video imported from camera on which and straight forward.
video editor will work. Principle no 1 : Do not cross 180 degree
• Stock Footage : It is also referred to line. The 180-degree line describes the
as archieve footage, library pictures position of the camera and the object
and file footage, used as template which you are shooting. You, as a
files. videographer, must position the camera
• Cut : It is an instant change from one on one side only. Changing the line will
shot to the another. Example like we change the position of the object in the
are watching one scene and video, and the audience may get confused.
immediately switched to another In order to avoid this we can have multiple
scene. camera input.
• Jump Cut / Cut in : It is a cut between
the shots where the angle, position is
same. Example, when a person is
walking, instead of showing entire
duration, jump cut is used to save
time and also give impression that
person has walked the entire distance.
• Cutaway : Within a sequence of
scenes we put another shot, cutaway
is used to show parallel actions.
• Video Frame : Frame is made up of
the complete image, let's say for a Fig. 3.9: Effect of crossing camera 1800
46
Principle no 2 : Join your videos in 3.10 Video Editing with Kdenlive
sequence and edit in the sequence. You Kdenlive (KDe Non Linear Video
must have a logical or ideal sequence of Editor) is a free and open-source video
all the videos which you are editing, editing software. Jason Wood started the
having a complete sequence will only Kdenlive project in 2002.
give meaning to the entire video. Another
Using Kdenlive, you can make
sequence which matters is direction,
professional-quality videos it also gives
movement, position, and even audio.
you complete control over all aspects of
Pudovkin’s five principles of editing video editing.
Pudovkin’s techniques can be used in Kdenlive is readily available in the
video editing to enhance the viewer's repositories of all popular Linux
understanding of a story and to create a distributions and also for other desktop
specific reaction from the audience. operating systems.
1. Contrast : It is the cutting between Features of Kdenlive :
two different scenarios to highlight
the difference between them. • Free and Open-source video editor,
Uses Qt and the KDE Frameworks
2. Parallelism : In this we can connect libraries.
two seemingly unrelated scenes by
cutting between them and focusing on • Multi-track video editing to use and
parallel features. arrange several audio and video
tracks.
3. Symbolism : In symbolism we move
from our main scene to something • Multiple audio/video format, almost
which creates a symbolic connection all formats are supported.
for the audience.
• Highly configurable interface to fit
4. Simultaneity : It is the cutting your workflow.
between two simultaneous events as a
• Title for the videos can be created
way of driving up the suspense.
with inbuilt title editor.
5. Leit motif : The ‘reiteration of the
theme’ involves repeating a shot or a • Quickly create slide shows from Pictures
sequence at crucial moments as a sort or Images using various transitions.
of code. • Lots of effects and transitions.
To install kdenlive in Ubuntu 18.04,
Do it yourself you can use the following command in
Search for videos demonstrating the terminal or use Ubuntu software
Pudovkins principles. center

47
$ sudo apt install kdenlive improve the rendering and preview
performance.
Start and Save Project
Launch the Kdenlive application, • Better the quality and fps (frames per
Click on the 'File' and 'New' to start a new second) more the slower rendering,
project (Ctrl + N ). Click OK with all the default settings;
we will get the following environment.
When we start the project following
window will appear. 3.11 Kdenlive User Interface
1. Project Bin : This is called project
bin, here we can import all your
audios, videos, images and titles
which we want to include in the
Project. We can even drag and drop
files in this area.
2. Properties Windows : This window
displays the properties effects and
transitions which you can change and
properties of the selected file from the
timeline or project bin
3. Transition and Effects : Using it we
can choose the transitions and various
effects for the videos.
4. Video preview window : Here the
Fig. 3.10: Project Setting window preview of the video will be shown.

From these windows, we have to select: 5. Time Line : This is the most
significant part of the user interface,
• Where the project will be saved. here you will keep all your videos,
• Video quality setting, by default HD audios and pictures. It is also
1080p 25 fps can be selected. chronological display of an edited
sequence in a non-linear editing
• You can choose how many video and
system.
audio tracks you need, this can be
changed later also. Now we know the basics of Kdenlive
interface. In the next section let`s create
• Proxy clips setting which is used to
the slide show video using the images.

48
 Fig. 3.11 : Kdenlive User Interface

3.12 Slideshow Clip Activity

In this activity, we will learn to make
a slide show and render the video, we
often need to create a video using pictures
with the background music and pictures
transitions. In Kdenlive it is called as a
slideshow.
Steps to create a slide show :
Step 1 : Be ready with pictures for your
slide show.
Step 2 : We will also need suitable
background audio for our slide
show.
• Select the duration for which you
Step 3 : Create a new project and from
want to keep one picture; for example
the project bin window, click
3 sec.
the little arrow to add Slide
• Select Dissolve and Wipe transitions.
Show clip as shown in the
From wipe transitions, we can select
figure below, then from the
different options like luma1.pgm etc.
same arrow of the bin, select
the Add clip option. • Select animation zoom and pan and
then click ok.
• Select the directory from where we
want to select the images. This will add the Slide show clip in
49
the Project Bin. You can rename it by Step 5 : Now lets drag Slide show clip
double-clicking on it. in the Video 1 timeline and
Audios into audio one timeline.
As shown below.
Do you notice the Slide show duration
and Audio clip duration in the bottom left
corner, we need to crop the audio to match
the video.
Step 6 : Move the mouse to adjust the
audio to match the video
portion. Here basically we are
cutting the last portion of the
audio.

Step 7 : Add two effects to the audio

clip, from effects menu, fade in
and fade out. To add fade in
and fade-out effects, we can
use the effects window and
search for fade. It will show
both the effects.
Search for Fade in :
Step 4 : Add the audio clip to the
To add, we can either drag and drop
timeline from the same arrow
on the audio clip or if the clip is selected,
of the bin but this time selects
we can double click. Add both the effects
the Add clip option. We can
fade in and fade out.
arrange all the files in a project
bin in separate directories by
clicking the Create folder
option.

50
Changing properties of the effects
Once the effects are added, we can
change the duration of the fade in and
fade out from the properties window as
shown below alternatively; we can even Here we will select, Mp4 widely used
use the mouse to adjust the duration. format and click Render to file button.
Use the space button to play music
and use the mouse cursor to select from Do it yourself
where you want to play. Export video in different formats and
explain the difference between the
exporting types and quality. Also
discuss the latest video file formats.

Step 8 : Export the video in video 3.13 Adding effects and Transitions
editing, exporting video is Transitions decide how Kdenlive
called rendering. To render blends from one clip into the next. You
the video, you can go to the can add many different transition effects
Project menu and render option using Kdenlive's transitions.
( CTRL + Enter). Now we know how to add clips to the
project and arrange in the timeline. Now
Project Render Options
let`s create a single video using multiple
We have the following options to choose video clips. For making this video, we
1. Output file name and location to save should have multiple small videos clips
2. Select File Format and multiple audio files for background.
3. Choose Quality of the output files To add transitions follow the given
steps.

51
Step 1 : Create a new project with Step 6 : Finalize all the transitions, add
multiple video tracks and add the background audio and then
video and audio files to the export the video clips.
project bin.
Step 2 : Arrange all videos in different Do it yourself
video tracks in sequence, video Find out all the transitions provided by
track will disappear and the next the Kdenlive.
video will be shown, so arrange
all videos as shown below. 3.14 Adding Title to the Video :
Titles are text elements that can be
added to the timeline which appears over
the top of video clips. Titles are created in
the Project Tree and then drag it to the
timeline like other video clips.
If we want titles to overlay other
Step 3 : To add a transition, adjust clips footage, you put title clips on video track
in the timeline so that the end of 1 and have the other footage on video
one overlaps the beginning of track 2. We also need to retain the affine
another. We can use the mouse transition that is automatically added to
to zoom in and zoom out to see the title clips to keep the footage visible
the video clips clearly in the underneath.
timeline. Steps to create title :
Step 4 : Then right-click in the timeline 1. To create a title, choose Add Title
at the overlap point, select Add Clip from the Project Menu or Right-
Transition, then choose one of Click in the Project Tree
the transitions from the flyout.
2. Now we will get the title editor. Click
Step 5 : Select the transition added to the the 'Save As' button on the toolbar to
clips and adjust the duration as save the title clip. The Titles are saved
per the requirements as .kdenlivetitle type documents. We
The Properties window displays the can load the title with existing title
settings for the effects on the currently file also.
selected clip or the settings for the Kdenlive has some built-in title
currently selected transition depending templates that can be accessed from
on whether it is a clip or a transition that the Template drop-down list found on
is currently selected. the bottom of the Title Clip window.
52
3. We can add image button. Selecting • Select the Animation tab and click
this brings up a file chooser where Edit start. Now drag the start rectangle
you can choose an image to be inserted to above the viewable area.
into our title. • Select Edit end and drag the end
To make the title scroll vertically : rectangle to below the viewable area
• Put a long title onto the title window. as shown in the figure below
Zoom out so you can see it all. The Click OK and preview the scrolling
text should run off the top (or bottom) title.
of the viewable area.

Fig. 3.12 : Kdenlive Title Editor

Do it yourSelf
Take a suitable English video and provide title and subtitles in your native language.

53
Summary

 Audio editing is a process to edit, shorten or shift a piece of music or spoken

audio, increase or decrease speed and volume or to create loop of certain portion
of audio.
 Audacity is an open source software allows to record, export and import various
sound file formats.
 Audacity allows to import and export common audio file formats like WAV,
AIFF and MP3.
 Audacity allows to apply various effects on audio like making sound louder/
quiter, Fade in/out, sound play faster/slower, pitch lower/higher, adding echo and
many more.
 Video editing is the process of manipulating raw video clips, images, sounds to
create a new movie or new video.
 Linear editing, non-linear and live editing are the types of video editing.
 Basic video editing principles are a) Do not cross 180 degree line, b) join videos
in sequence & edit in sequence.
 Kdenlive is an open source video editing software.
 Activity to create a video using pictures with background music & transition is
called as slideshow.
 Transition effect decides how kdenlive blends from one clip into next.
 Titles are text elements that can be added to the timeline and appear over the top
of video clip.

54
 Exercise

Q.1 Fill in the blanks. b) Field Sound Engineer

1. Video tapes edited and accessed c) Film Sound Recording
in sequence this older video edit- d) Choreography
ing technique is called as.............
video editing. 3. Which of the following is not a
audio editing software?
2. When video editing allows you to
a) Traverso
access any video frame while ed-
iting it is called as _____________ b) Mixxx
3. Video Editing in which original c) Adobe Audio Editor
content is not modified in the d) Ardour
course of editing is called as
____________ 4. Select the most approriate option
from the following.
4. Sports events broadcast
a) Audio editing is a process
use________ editing.
where we record the audio
5. Connecting two seemingly unre- first and then make it suitable
lated scenes in video editing is for listening.
called as ---------------- effect
b) Audio editing deals with
Q.2 Select Single Correct Answer from recording audio so that it will
the following. be easy for editing.
1. Audio editing is the process of c) Audio editing deals with only
...... the compiling songs together.
a) Recording the audio. d) Audio editing deals with
everything related adding
b) Increase volume and decrease
sound effects to sounds.
volumne of certain portion of
volume.
c) Sharing the audio file. Q.3 Select Single Correct Answer from
the following.
d) Removing the noise,
arranging the various audio 1. Which one of the following is not
clips together, adding various the correct option in the noise
effects to sound. removal process of audacity?
2. Which of the following is not the a) Noise reduction
area of audio editing? b) Sensitivity
a) Radio Technician
55
 c) Frequency Reduction 4. Simultaneity : Cutting
d) Attack/Decay time between two simultaneous
events as a way of driving up
e) Frequency Smoothing the suspense.
2. While exporting the audio
formats which of the following is Q.4 Match the following.
not an option? 'A' 'B'
a) Album Title 1. Amplify a) Increases or
b) Artist Name decreases the
lower
c) Month of Recording frequencies.
d) Studio b) This effect is
2. Equalization
3. Which one of the following is not ideal for
related in video editing? reducing
1) Noise reduction constant
background
2) Cutaway noise.
3) Frequency Reduction
3. Bass and Treble c) Increases or
4) Stock Footage decreases the
5) Jump Cut volume.
4. Select correct options from the 4. Noise Reduction d) Adjusts the
following. volume levels of
particular
1. Contrast : Cutting between frequencies.
two different scenarios to
highlight the difference.

2. Parallelism : Here you can
connect two seemingly
unrelated scenes.
3. Leit motif : This is reiteration
of the theme involves
repeating of a shot.

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