Topic 1

Kinetic Theory of Gases,

Gas Laws and Ideal Gas Equation
2019 2014
1 An ideal gas intially at pressure 1 bar is being compressed 5 Which one of the following is a wrong statement in kinetic
from 30 m 3 to 10 m 3 volume and its temperature theory of gases? [Kerala CEE]
decreases from 320 K to 280 K, then find the value of final (a) The gas molecules are in random motion.
pressure of the gas. [AIIMS] (b) The gas molecules are perfect elastic spheres.
(a) 2.625 bar (b) 3.4 bar (c) The volume occupied by the molecules of a gas is
(c) 1.325 bar (d) 4.5 bar negligible.
2 Assertion NH 3 is liquified more easily than CO2 . (d) The force of attraction between the molecules is
Reason Critical temperature of NH 3 is more than CO2 . negligible.
[AIIMS] (e) The collision between molecules is inelastic.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is
the correct explanation of Assertion. 2013
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is 6 In the given (V-T) diagram, what is the relation between
not the correct explanation of Assertion. pressures p1 and p 2 ? [NEET]
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect. V
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect. p2

2017 p1
3 A graph between pressure p (along Y -axis) and absolute θ2
temperature T(along X -axis) for equal moles of two gases
θ1
has been drawn. Given that volume of second gas is more T
than volume of first gas. Which of the following statements
(a) p 2 = p1 (b) p 2 > p1
is correct? [JIPMER]
(c) p 2 < p1 (d) Cannot be predicted
p
1 2012
7 A balloon is filled at 27 °C and 1 atm pressure by 500 m 3
2 He gas. At −3°C and 0.5 atm pressures, the volume of
He-gas contained in balloon will be [AIIMS]
(a) 700 m 3 (b) 900 m 3 (c) 1000 m 3 (d) 500 m 3
T
2011
(a) Slope of gas 1 is less than gas 2
(b) Slope of gas 1 is more than gas 2 8 Air inside a closed container is saturated with water
(c) Both have some slopes vapour. The air pressure is p and the saturated vapour
(d) None of the above pressure of water is p. If the mixture is compressed to
one-half of its volume by maintaining temperature
4 A given sample of an ideal gas occupies a volume V at a constant, the pressure becomes [WB JEE]
pressure p and absolute temperature T. The mass of each (a) 2 ( p + p ) (b) 2 p + p
molecule of the gas is m. Which of the following gives the (c) ( p + p ) / 2 (d) p + 2 p
density of the gas? [NEET]
p pm 9 A perfect gas at 27°C is heated at constant pressure so as to
(a) (b) double its volume. The increase in temperature of the gas
kT kT
p will be [KCET]
(c) (d) mkT (a) 600°C (b) 327°C (c) 54°C (d) 300°C
kTV
KINETIC THEORY OF GASES 309

2010 19 Air is pumped into an automobile tube upto a pressure of

10 If pressure of CO2 (real gas) in a container is given by 200 kPa in the morning when the air temperature is 22° C.
RT 9 During the day, temperature rises to 42° C and the tube
p= − 2 , then mass of the gas in container is expands by 2 %. The pressure of the air in the tube at this
2V − b 4b [AIIMS] temperature will be approximately [JCECE]
(a) 11 g (b) 22 g (c) 33 g (d) 44 g (a) 212 kPa (b) 209 kPa (c) 206 kPa (d) 200 kPa
11 A closed vessel contains 8 g of oxygen and 7g of nitrogen. 20 The gas in a vessel is subjected to a pressure of 20 atm at a
The total pressure is 10 atm at a given temperature. If now temperature 27° C. The pressure of the gas in a vessel after
oxygen is absorbed by introducing a suitable absorbent, the one-half of the gas is released from the vessel and the
pressure of the remaining gas (in atm) will be [BHU] temperature of the remainder is raised by 50° C is [MGIMS]
(a) 2 (b) 10 (c) 4 (d) 5 (a) 8.5 atm (b) 10.8 atm
12 The figure shows graphs of pressure versus density for an (c) 11.7 atm (d) 17 atm
ideal gas at two temperatures T1 and T2 , then [OJEE] 21 Which one of the following is not an assumption in the
T1 kinetic theory of gases? [Manipal]
p (a) The volume occupied by the molecules of the gas is
T2 negligible.
(b) The force of attraction between the molecules is
negligible.
ρ (c) The collision between molecules are elastic.
(d) All molecules have same speed.
(a) T1 > T2 (b) T1 = T2
(c) T1 < T2 (d) None of these 22 A closed compartment containing gas is moving with some
acceleration in horizontal direction, then the pressure in the
13 Average momentum of an ideal gas depends upon [OJEE] compartment is (neglect effect of gravity) [JCECE]
(a) temperature (b) mass (a) same everywhere (b) lower in front side
(c) volume (d) None of these (c) lower in rear side (d) lower in upper side
14 Simple behaviour under all conditions of real gas is 2009
governed by the equation [MP PMT]
 a 23 By what percentage should the pressure of a given mass of
(a) pV = µRT (b)  p + 2  (V − b ) = RT
 V  a gas be increased, so as to decrease its volume by 10% at a
γ constant temperature? [AFMC]
(c) pV = constant (d) pV = constant
(a) 5% (b) 7.2%
15 Ideal gas and real gas have major difference of [MP PMT] (c) 12.5% (d) 11.1%
(a) phase transition (b) temperature 24 When a van der Waals’ gas undergoes free expansion, then
(c) pressure (d) None of these
its temperature [AFMC]
16 Air is filled at 60° C in a vessel of open mouth. The vessel is (a) decreases
heated to a temperatureT so that (1/ 4 )th part of air escapes. (b) increases
Assuming the volume of the vessel remaining constant, the (c) does not change
value of T is [Haryana PMT] (d) depends upon the nature of the gas
(a) 80° C (b) 444° C (c) 333° C (d) 171° C 25 An electron tube was sealed OFF during manufacture at a
17 The pressure p for a gas is plotted against its absolute pressure of 1.2 × 10−7 mm of mercury at 27°C. Its volume
temperature T for two different volumes V1 and V2 , where is 100 cm 3 . The number of molecules that remains in the
V1 > V2 . If p is plotted on Y-axis and T on X-axis, then tube is [Manipal]
[EAMCET] (a) 2 × 1016 (b) 3 × 1015
(a) the curve for V1 has greater slope than that for V2 (c) 3.86 × 1011 (d) 5 × 1011
(b) the curve for V2 has greater slope than that for V1
(c) Both curves have same slope 26 Two monatomic ideal gases A and B occupying the same
(d) the curves intersect at some point other than T = 0 volumeV are at the same temperature T and pressure p . If
18 The temperature of a gas contained in a closed vessel of they are mixed, the resultant mixture has volume V and
constant volume increases by 1° C when the pressure of the temperature T. The pressure of the mixture is [J&K CET]
gas is increased by 1%. The initial temperature of the gas is p
(a) p (b)
(a) 100 K (b) 273° C [KCET] 2
(c) 100° C (d) 200 K (c) 4 p (d) 2 p
310 CHAPTERWISE & TOPICWISE ~ MEDICAL SOLVED PAPERS

2008 31 One litre of an ideal gas at 27°C is heated at a constant

27 Two vessels A and B having equal volume contain equal pressure to the 297°C. Then, the final volume is the
masses of hydrogen in A and helium in B at 300 K. Then, approximately [AMU]
mark the correct statement? [BHU] (a) 1.2 L (b) 1.9 L
(a) The pressure exerted by hydrogen is half that exerted (c) 19 L (d) 2.4 L
by helium 2006
(b) The pressure exerted by hydrogen is equal to that
exerted by helium 32 Two balloons are filled, one with pure He gas and the other
(c) Average KE of the molecule of hydrogen is half the by air, respectively. If the pressure and temperature of these
average KE of the molecules of helium balloons are same, then the number of molecules per unit
(d) The pressure exerted by hydrogen is twice that volume is [AFMC]
exerted by helium (a) more in the He filled balloon
28 At 10°C, the value of the density of a fixed mass of an ideal (b) same in both balloons
gas divided by its pressure is x. At 110°C, this ratio is (c) more in air filled balloon
[CBSE AIPMT] (d) in the ratio of 1 : 4
383 10 283 33 To decrease the volume of a gas by 5% at constant
(a) x (b) x (c) x (d) x
283 110 383 temperature, the pressure should be [Kerala CEE]
(a) decreased by 5.26% (b) increased by 5.26%
2007 (c) decreased by 11% (d) increased by 11%
pV (e) increased by 15%
29 The figure below shows the plot of versus p for oxygen
nT 34 A closed vessel is maintained at a constant temperature. It
gas at two different temperatures. [AIIMS]
is first evacuated and then vapour is injected into it
continuously. The pressure of the vapour in the vessel
T2 (a) increases continuously [MHT CET]
(J.mol –1 K –1)

T1
(b) first increases and then remains constant
(c) first increases and then decreases
(d) None of the above
2005
pV
nT

p
35 If p is the pressure, V the volume, R the gas constant, k the
Read the following statements concerning the above Boltzmann constant and T the absolute temperature, then
curves. the number of molecules in the given mass of the gas is
I. The dotted line corresponds to the ideal gas given [MP PMT]
pV pV pR
behaviour. (a) (b) (c) (d) pV
RT kT T
II. The temperatures are related as T1 > T2 .
pV 36 What is the mass of 2 L of nitrogen at 22.4 atm pressure
III. The value of at the point, where the curves meet and 273 K? [J&K CET]
nT
on the Y-axis is the same for all gases. (a) 28 g (b) 14 × 22.4 g
Which of the above statements is true? (c) 56 g (d) None of these
(a) I Only (b) I and III 37 Equation of a gas in the terms of pressure ( p ), absolute
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these temperature (T ) and density ( d ) is [EAMCET]
p1 p2 p1T1 p 2T2
30 Temperature remaining constant, the pressure of gas is (a) = (b) =
decreased by 20%. The percentage change in volume T1 d1 T2 d 2 d1 d2
[J&K CET] p d p d p d p d
(a) increases by 20% (b) decreases by 20% (c) 1 2 = 2 1 (d) 1 1 = 1 2
T2 T1 T1 T2
(c) increases by 25% (d) decreases by 25%

Answers
1 (a) 2 (a) 3 (b) 4 (b) 5 (e) 6 (c) 7 (b) 8 (a) 9 (d) 10 (b)
11 (d) 12 (a) 13 (d) 14 (b) 15 (c) 16 (d) 17 (b) 18 (a) 19 (b) 20 (b)
21 (d) 22 (b) 23 (d) 24 (a) 25 (c) 26 (d) 27 (d) 28 (d) 29 (c) 30 (c)
31 (b) 32 (b) 33 (b) 34 (b) 35 (b) 36 (c) 37 (a)
KINETIC THEORY OF GASES 311

Explanations
1 (a) Given, initial pressure of ideal gas, 1 On comparing the given equation with
−2
6 (c) The slope of the graph ∝
p1 = 1 bar = 1Nm p this standard equation, we get
1 1
Initital volume, V1 = 30 m 3 or p∝ µ=
tanθ 2
Final volume, V2 = 10 m 3 Q θ1 < θ2 m
As, µ=
Initial temperature, T1 = 320 K Hence, p2 < p1 M
Final temperature, T2 = 280 K p1V1 p2V2 where, m = mass of gas and
Final pressure of gas, p2 = ? 7 (b) As, = M = molecular weight of the gas.
T1 T2
By ideal gas equation, 1
p1V1T2 m = µ M = × 44 = 22 g
p1V1 p2V2 or V2 = 2
= p2T1
T1 T2 11 (d) From Dalton’s law, final pressure
Given, p1 = 1 atm, V1 = 500 m 3,
1 × 30 p2 × 10 of the mixture of nitrogen and oxygen,
⇒ = T2 = −3° C = [ 273 + (−3)]K pmix = p1 + p2
320 280
⇒ p2 = 2.625 bar = (273 − 3)K, p2 = 0.5 atm and n RT n RT  m
= 1 + 2 Qn=
T1 = 27° C = (27 + 273)K V V  M 
2 (a) A gas can be liquified by applying ∴Volume of He,
pressure only when it is cooled below m1 RT m2 RT
1 × 500 × (273 − 3) = ⋅ + ⋅
critical temperature. Critical V2 = M1 V M2 V
temperature of NH3 is more than CO 2, 0. 5 × (273 + 27) 8 RT 7 RT RT
i.e. TNH 3 = 405 K and TCO2 = 304.1 K. 1 × 500 × 270 = ⋅ + ⋅ =
= = 900 m 3 32 V 28 V 2V
Therefore, NH3 is liquified more easily 0. 5 × 300
than CO 2. Hence, both Assertion and 10 = RT / 2V ...(i)
Reason are correct and Reason is the 8 (a) Given that, the air inside a closed When oxygen is absorbed, then
correct explanation of Assertion. container is saturated with water pressure by nitrogen,
vapour, so if the temperature remains 7 RT
3 (b) According to ideal gas equation, constant, the saturated vapour pressure p= ⋅
pV = nRT 28 V
does not change. Also, pressure will be RT
or
p nR
= twice, when volume will be halved. ⇒ p= ...(ii)
T V 4V
p Hence, pressure of mixture, From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
where represents slope of the graph p′ = 2( p + p ).
T Pressure exerted by nitrogen gas,
As, the number of moles are the same 9 (d) We know that, for perfect gas, p = 5 atm
for the two gases, V ∝T m
p 1 V1 T1 12 (a) As, pV = nRT = RT
∴ ∝ i.e. = …(i) M
T V V2 T2 where, M = molecular weight.
Q V2 > V1 (Given) According to the question, p RT
V1 = V , then V2 = 2V and T1 = 300 K ⇒ =
∴ (Slope)2 < (Slope)1 m /V M
or (Slope)1 > (Slope)2 1 300
∴ = ⇒
p RT
=
2 T2 ρ M
4 (b) We know that,
pV = RT ⇒ T2 = 600 K p
⇒ ∝T
RT ⇒ T2 = 327° C ρ
⇒ V = …(i) So, ∆t = 327 − 27
p (Q for a given gas M is constant)
M mN A = 300° C
∴ Density (ρ ) = = Temperature is directly proportional to
V RT 10 (b) van der Waals’ gas equation for µ the slope of p -ρ graph, so T1 > T2 .
p [from Eq. (i)] mole of real gas is 13 (d) The average momentum of an ideal
mpN A  µ 2a gas molecules before and after striking
= [R = kN A]  p + 2  (V − µb) = µ RT the wall of container is p and − p,
kN AT  V 
respectively considering elastic
pm  µRT  µ 2 a collisions, according to kinetic theory
ρ= ⇒ p=  −
kT  V − µb V 2 of gases assumptions.
5 (e) The kinetic theory of gases assume Given equation, Hence, average momentum,
the collision between molecules as p + (− p)
 RT 9  pav = =0
perfectly elastic. So, incorrect statement p= −  2
is that the collision between molecules is  2V − b 4 b2  [Q average velocity of an
inelastic. ideal gas is zero]
312 CHAPTERWISE & TOPICWISE ~ MEDICAL SOLVED PAPERS

Thus, for any temperature, mass and p 1

Slope of curve = tanθ = ∝ 21 (d) All molecules have same speed.
volume the average momentum of the T V This statement is true but this is not
gas will be zero. So, it does not depend  p1   p2 
⇒   <  [Q V1 > V2 ] an assumption of kinetic theory of
upon any of these parameters.  T1   T2  gases.
14 (b) Real gas behaviour is governed by ⇒ tan θ 1 < tan θ 2 22 (b) The pressure on the rear side would
van der Waals’ equation given as or slope of curve for V1 is less than that be more due to fictitious force (acting
 a for V2. in the opposite direction of real
⇒  p + 2  (V − b) = RT
 V  18 (a) According to Gay Lussac’s law, acceleration) on the rear face.
[for one mole of gas]
p∝T Consequently, the pressure in the front
15 (c) No attractive or repulsive force acts dp dT side would be lowered.
between gas molecules in an ideal gas ∴ × 100 = × 100
p T 23 (d) From ideal gas equation,
whereas for a real gas intermolecular  dp 
force exists. Molecules do not exert Q p × 100 = 1 pV = µRT
that force on the wall which they   At constant temperature,
1
would have exerted in the absence of ⇒ 1 = × 100 ⇒ T = 100 K pV = constant
intermolecular force. T
i.e. pV = c
Therefore, the observed pressure p of 19 (b) The ideal gas law is the equation of
state of an ideal gas. The state of an Hence, p1V1 = p2V2 …(i)
the gas will be less than that present in 10
the absence of intermolecular force. amount of gas is determined by its Given, V2 = V1 − V1 = (0.90) V1
Thus, the observed pressure for an pressure, volume and temperature. The 100
ideal gas is more as compared for real equation has the form pV = µRT , Form Eq. (i),
gas. So, ideal and real gas have major where p is the pressure, V is the pV pV p
p2 = 1 1 = 1 1 = 1
difference of pressure. volume, µ is the number of moles, R V2 0.90 V1 0.90
16 (d) For open mouth vessel, pressure is is the universal gas constant and T is p2 1 10
the temperature. ⇒ = =
constant. p1 0.90 9
Volume is also given constant. ∴ p1V1 / T1 = p2V2 /T2 …(i)
p2 − p1 10 − 9  1
 m Given, p1 = 200 kPa, V1 = V , = = 
Hence, from pV = µRT =   RT p1 9  9
M T1 = 273 + 22 = 295 K,
1 Therefore, % increase in pressure
⇒ T ∝ 2V
m V2 = V + 2%V = V + 100%
T1 m2
100 = =11.1%
⇒ = 9
= V + 0.02V = 102 . V
T2 m1 24 (a) When a van der Waals’ gas (real
T2 = 273 + 42 = 315 K
 1 gas) undergoes free expansion, then its
∴   th part escapes, so remaining Putting these values in Eq. (i), we get
 4 temperature decreases.
mass in the vessel, 200 × V p × 1.02V
3 ⇒ = 2 25 (c) From ideal gal equation,
m2 = m1 295 315 pV = µRT
4 200 × 315
(273 + 60) 3 / 4 m1 ⇒ p2 = ≈ 209 kPa . × 10−7 mm
Given, p = 12
⇒ = 295 × 1.02
T m1 . × 10−7 × 10−3m = 12
= 12 . × 10−10m,
20 (b) Given, p = 20 atm,
[QT1 = 60° C = (60 + 273)K] T = 27° C = (27 + 273)K and
T1 = 27° C = (27 + 273° ) K = 300 K
⇒ T = 444 K V = 100 cm 3 = 10−4 m 3
= (444 − 273)° C and T2 = 50° C = (50 + 273)K = 323K
m ⇒ 1.2 × 10−7 × 133.322 × 10−4
= 171° C As, pV = µRT = RT
M = µ × 8.31 × (273 + 27)
17 (b) Pressure versus temperature m ∴ Number of moles, µ = 6.42 × 10−13
diagram is given below pV = RT1
M Hence, number of molecules
Y-axis
V2
⇒ 20 × V =
m
× R × 300 ...(i) = 6.42 × 10−13 × 6.02 × 1023
M = 3.86 × 1011
p
V1 When m = m/2 and p = p′, then p1V1 pmix ×Vmix
m 26 (d) As, =
θ2 pV = RT2 T1 Tmix
θ1 M
X-axis Given, T1 = Tmix = T
T  m /2
As, p′ × V =   R × 323 ...(ii) and V1 = V + V , Vmix = V
Given, V1 > V2  M 
p × 2V p ×V
From ideal gas equation, From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get ∴ = mix
pV = nRT T T
323
p′ ≈ = ≈ 10.8 atm ⇒ pmix = 2 p
p nR p 1 30
⇒ = or ∝
T V T V
KINETIC THEORY OF GASES 313

27 (d) As, pV = nRT 80 34 (b) Total pressure inside the container

⇒ V1 = V2
m RT 100 is given as
⇒ p H2 = ⋅ ∴ Percentage increase in volume 1 mN 2
M H2 V p= v rms
V − V1 3 V
m RT = 2 × 100
and p He = ⋅ V1 p∝m …(i)
M He V
(when volume and temperature
100 − 80
p H2 M He 4 = × 100 are constant)
∴ = = =2 80
pHe MH2 2 From Eq. (i), pressure first increases
= 25%
and then becomes constant.
[Q M H 2 = 2 and M He = 4 ] 31 (b) By Charles’ law,
V1 T1 35 (b) From ideal gas equation,
⇒ p H 2 = 2 p He = pV = NkT
V2 T2
The pressure exerted by hydrogen is where, k is the Boltzmann’s constant, p
twice that exerted by helium. VT is the pressure, V is the volume, T is
So, V2 = 1 2
28 (d) In terms of density, ideal gas can be T1 the absolute temperature and N is the
written as, Given, V1 = 1 L, number of molecules.
pM 0 = dRT [where, d = density of gas] T1 = 27° C = (27 + 273) K and Hence, number of molecules in given
mass of gas, N = pV / kT .
d M0 d 1 T2 = 297° C = (297 + 273) K
⇒ = ⇒ ∝
p RT p T Putting these values, we get 36 (c) From ideal gas equation,
d1 / p1 T2 383 (297 + 273) pV = µRT
or = = ∴ V2 = 1 ×
(27 + 273) where, p is the pressure, V is the
d2 / p2 T1 283
volume, R is the universal gas
Q T2 = 110° C = 383 K  570
= = 1.9 L constant, T is the temperature and µ is
and T1 = 10° C = 283 K 300 the number of moles.
x 383  d1  32 (b) Ideal gas equation can be written as ∴ µ=
pV
...(i)
⇒ = = x (given)
(d2 / p2 ) 283  p1
Q
 pV = µRT …(i) RT
In this equation, Given, pressure p = 22.4 atm
 283
or (d2 / P2 ) = x ×   µ = number of moles of the gas, = 22.4 × 1.01 × 105 Nm −2
 383
p = pressure of the gas, V = 2L = 2 × 10−3 m 3
29 (c) V = volume of the gas,
R = universal gas constant R = 8.31 J mol −1 − K−1
I. The dotted line in the diagram shows
that there is no deviation in the value and T = temperature of the gas. T = 273 K
pV From Eq. (i), we have Putting these values in Eq. (i), we get
of for different temperatures T1
nT µ /V = p/ RT = constant 22. 4 × 1. 01 × 105 × 2 × 10−3
and T2 for increasing pressure, so ∴ µ=
So, at constant pressure and 8. 31 × 273
this gas behaves ideally. Hence, temperature, both balloons will contain
dotted line corresponds to ideal gas = 1. 99 ≈ 2
equal number of molecules (i.e. mole) Mass
behaviour. per unit volume. Since, µ =
II. At high temperature, the deviation Molecular weight
of the gas is less and at low 33 (b) By Boyle’s law,
⇒ Mass = µ × Molecular weight
temperature the deviation of gas is pV = RT
more. In the graph, deviation for T2 ∴ p1V1 = p2V2 = 2 × 28 = 56 g
is greater than for T1. Thus, T1 > T2. (Q temperature = constant) 37 (a) Gas equation, pV /T = constant
III. Since, the two curves intersect at Given,V1 = V , = R (for 1 mol of gas)
dotted line at same point, so the 5
V2 = V − 5%V = V − V p1V1 p2V2
pV 100 ⇒ =
value of at that point on the T1 T2
nT  5 
⇒ pV = p2 V − V
Y-axis is same for all gases.  100  If m is the mass of a gas and d1 & d2
are its density at absolute temperatures
30 (c) According to Boyle’s law,  95  20
⇒ pV = p2  V  ⇒ p2 = p T1K and T2K respectively, then
p1V1 = p2V2  100  19
V1 = m / d1 and V2 = m / d2
As, the pressure is decreased by 20%, p1  m  p2  m 
80 Increase in pressure ∴   =  
therefore p2 = p1  20  T1  d1  T2  d2 
100 = − 1 × 100
 19  p1 p
80 ⇒ = 2
⇒ p1V1 = p1V2 1 T1 d1 T2 d2
100 = × 100 = 5. 26%
19
 Topic 2
Various Velocities & Kinetic Energy of
Gas and Mean Free Path
2019 2011
1 Increase in temperature of a gas filled in a container would 7 The mean free path of collision of gas molecules varies
lead to [NEET] with its diameter ( d ) of the molecules as [DUMET]
(a) increase in its kinetic energy (a) d −1 (b) d −2 (c) d −3 (d) d −4
(b) decrease in its pressure
(c) decrease in intermolecular distance 2010
(d) increase in its mass 8 The velocity of 4 gas molecules are given by 1 kms −1 ,
2018 3 kms −1 , 5 kms −1 and 7 kms −1 . Calculate the difference
2 At what temperature will the rms speed of oxygen between average and rms velocity. [MHT CET]
molecules become just sufficient for escaping from the (a) 0.338 (b) 0.438 (c) 0.583 (d) 0.683
earth’s atmosphere? [NEET] 9 At what temperature will the oxygen molecules have the
(Take, mass of oxygen molecule, m = 2.76 × 10−26 kg and same root mean square speed as hydrogen molecules at
Boltzmann’s constant, k B = 1.38 × 10−23 J K −1 ) 300 K? [OJEE]
(a) 1600 K (b) 2400 K (c) 3200 K (d) 4800 K
(a) 5.016 × 104 K (b) 8.326 × 104 K
4
(c) 2.508 × 10 K (d) 1.254 × 104 K 10 Average velocity of an ideal gas molecule is [OJEE]
(a) proportional to T (b) proportional to T 2
2016 (c) proportional to T 3 (d) zero
3 The molecules of a given mass of a gas have rms velocity 11 At what temperature is the rms velocity of a hydrogen
. × 105 Nm −2 pressure. When
of 200 ms −1 at 27°C and 10 molecule equal to that of an oxygen molecule at 47° C ?
the temperature and pressure of the gas are respectively, (a) 80 K (b) −73 K [Manipal]
127°C and 0.05 × 105 Nm −2 , the rms velocity of its (c) 3 K (d) 20 K
molecules in ms −1 is [NEET] 12 The temperature of an ideal gas is increased from 120 K to
400 100 2 100 480 K. If at 120 K, the root mean square speed of gas
(a) (b) (c) (d) 100 2
3 3 3 molecules is v, then at 480 K, it will be [WB JEE]
(a) 4 v (b) 2 v (c) v/ 2 (d) v/ 4
2014
13 The temperature at which the velocity of oxygen will be
4 A gas is compressed isothermally. The rms velocity of its half that of hydrogen at NTP is [BCECE]
molecules [MHT CET] (a) 1092° C (b) 1492° C (c) 273 K (d) 819° C
(a) increases (b) decreases
14 Nitrogen (N2 ) is in equilibrium state at T = 421 K. The
(c) first increases and then decreases
(d) remains the same value of most probable velocity v mp is [BCECE]
(a) 400 ms (b) 421 ms (c) 500 ms (d) 600 ms −1
−1 −1 −1
5 The mean free path of molecules of a gas (radius) is
inversely proportional to [CBSE AIPMT] 15 Assertion If a gas container in motion is suddenly stopped,
(a) r 3 (b) r 2 (c) r (d) r the temperature of the gas rises.
Reason The kinetic energy of ordered mechanical
2013 motion is converted into the kinetic energy of random
6 Critical temperature of CO2 is 31.2ºC. In summer, the motion of gas molecules. [AIIMS]

room temperature is 40° C, then [AIIMS]

(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is
(a) CO2 cannot be liquified the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) CO2 can be liquified with increase of pressure (b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is
(c) CO2 can be liquified with decrease of pressure not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(d) CO2 can be liquified, if temperature of CO2 is (c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
decreased below 31.2° C (d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
KINETIC THEORY OF GASES 315

2007
16 The kinetic energy of 1 g molecule of a gas at normal
temperature and pressure is (R = 8.31Jmol K −1 ) [BHU] 24 At what temperature, the kinetic energy of a gas molecule
is half of the value at 27°C ? [Kerala CEE]
(a) 1.3 × 102 J (b) 2.7 × 102 J (a) 13.5°C (b) 150°C (c) 75 K (d) 13.5 K
(c) 0.56 × 104 J (d) 3.4 × 103 J (e) − 123° C
17 The temperature at which the mean kinetic energy of the 2006
molecules of gas is one-third of the mean kinetic energy of
its molecules at 180° C is 25 Assertion The root mean square and most probable speeds
of the molecules in a gas are the same.
(a) − 122° C (b) − 90° C [MGIMS]
Reason The Maxwell distribution for the speed of
(c) 60° C (d) 151° C molecules in a gas is symmetrical. [AIIMS]
2009 (a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason
18 To what temperature should the hydrogen at 327° C be is the correct explanation of Assertion.
cooled at constant pressure, so that the root mean square (b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason
velocity of its molecules becomes half of its previous value? is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(a) − 123° C (b) 123° C [MHT CET]
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
(c) − 100° C (d) 0° C
26 When temperature of an ideal gas is increased from 27°C
19 The average velocity of the molecules in a gas in to 227°C, its rms speed is changed from 400 ms −1 to v s .
equilibrium is [MGIMS]
Then v s is [Manipal]
(a) proportional to T (b) proportional to T −1 −1 −1
(a) 516 ms (b) 450 ms (c) 310 ms (d) 746 ms −1
(c) proportional to T 2 (d) equal to zero
27 If at NTP velocity of sound in a gas is 1150 ms −1 , then
20 A sealed container with negligible coefficient of the rms velocity of gas molecules at NTP is (take,
volumetric expansion contains helium (a monatomic gas). R = 8. 3 J mol −1 K −1 , C p = 4 . 8 cal mol −1 K −1 ) [AMU]
When it is heated from 300 K to 600 K, the average kinetic
energy of helium atoms is [UP CPMT]
(a) 1600 ms −1 (b) 1532.19 ms −1
−1
(a) halved (b) unchanged (c) 160 ms (d) zero
(c) doubled (d) increased by factor 2 28 The temperature of H2 at which the rms velocity of its
molecules is seven times, the rms velocity of the molecules
21 If at the same temperature and pressure, the densities of two
of nitrogen gas at 300 K is [AMU]
diatomic gases are d1 and d 2 , respectively. The ratio of
mean kinetic energy per molecule of gases will be [MGIMS] (a) 2100 K (b) 1700 K (c) 1350 K (d) 1050 K
(a) 1 : 1 (b) d1 : d 2 29 Some gas at 300 K is enclosed in a container. Now, the
container is placed on a fast moving train while the train is
(c) d1 : d 2 (d) d 2 : d1 in motion, the temperature of the gas [MHT CET]
(a) rises above 300 K (b) falls below 300 K
2008 (c) remains unchanged (d) becomes unsteady
22 If average velocity becomes 4 times, then what will be the 2005
effect on rms velocity at that temperature? [BCECE]
(a) 1.4 times (b) 4 times 30 The ratio of root mean square velocities of O3 and O2 is
(c) 2 times (d) 1/4 times (a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 3 [BVP]
(c) 3 : 2 (d) 2 : 3
23 Assertion Mean free path of a gas molecules varies
inversely as density of the gas. 31 The temperature, at which the rms velocity of hydrogen is
Reason Mean free path varies inversely as pressure of the four times of its value at NTP is [MHT CET]
gas. [AIIMS] (a) 819°C (b) 1092°C (c) 4368°C (d) 4095°C
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is 32 If mass of He is 4 times that of hydrogen, then mean
the correct explanation of Assertion. velocity of He is [Punjab PMET]
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason (a) 2 times of H-mean value
is not the correct explanation of Assertion. (b) (1/2) times of H-mean value
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect. (c) 4 times of H-mean value
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect. (d) same as H-mean value
316 CHAPTERWISE & TOPICWISE ~ MEDICAL SOLVED PAPERS

Answers
1 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 4 (d) 5 (b) 6 (a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 10 (d)
11 (d) 12 (b) 13 (d) 14 (c) 15 (a) 16 (d) 17 (a) 18 (a) 19 (a) 20 (c)
21 (a) 22 (b) 23 (b) 24 (e) 25 (d) 26 (a) 27 (b) 28 (d) 29 (c) 30 (d)
31 (d) 32 (b)

Explanations
1 (a) The kinetic energy of gas 3 (a) Given, vrms = 200 ms−1 , 8 (c) Given, N = 4, v1 = 1 kms −1,
molecules is given by v2 = 3 kms −1, v3 = 5 kms −1
3 T1 = 27° C = (27 + 273) K = 300 K,
KE = RT
2 p1 = 105 Nm −2 and v4 = 7 kms −1
3 T2 = 400 K, p2 = 0.05 × 105 Nm −2 The average velocity,
⇒ KE = RT
2 v + v2 + v3 + L + vn
As, rms velocity of gas molecules, vav = 1
⇒ KE ∝ T N
Thus, increase in temperature, would  3RT  1+ 3 + 5 + 7
Q vrms ∝ T Qvrms =  = = 4 kms −1
increase the kinetic energy of  m  4
molecules. For two different cases, Root mean square velocity,
Option (b) is incorrect as increase in
( vrms )1 T v12 + v22 + v32 + v42 + L + vn2
temperature will lead to increase in ⇒ = 1 vrms =
pressure as p ∝ T . Other options (c) (vrms )2 T2 N
and (d ) are also incorrect as molecular 200 300 3 1 + (3)2 + (5)2 + (7)2
distance increases while mass remains ⇒ = = =
(vrms )2 400 4 4
the same for increase in the
temperature. 2 = 21 = 4.583 kms −1
⇒ (vrms )2 = × 200
2 (b) The minimum velocity with which 3 Difference between average velocity
400 −1 and root mean square velocity
the body must be projected vertically = ms
upwards, so that it could escape from 3 = 4.583 − 4 = 0.583 km s−1
the earth’s atmosphere, is its escape 4 (d) The root mean square velocity of a 3 RT
velocity (ve ). 9 (d) As, vrms =
gas molecule is given by M
As, ve = 2gR ⇒ T ∝M
3RT
vrms =
Substituting the value of g (9.8 ms−2 ) M (Q vrms and R are constants)
and radius of earth (R = 6.4 × 106 m), Gas is compressed isothermally, so T ⇒
TO 2 M O 2
=
remains constant and hence root mean TH 2 M H 2
we get ve = 2 × 9.8 × 6.4 × 106
square velocity will remain same. TO 2 32
≅ 11.2 km s−1 = 11200 m s−1 5 (b) Mean free path, ⇒ = (given)
300 2
Let the temperature of molecule be T 1
λ= ∴ TO 2 = 4800 K
when it attains ve. 2πnd 2
According to the question, vrms = ve 1 10 (d) Average velocity of an ideal gas
where, vrms is the rms speed of the ⇒ λ∝ 2 molecule is collectively assumed to be
r zero.
oxygen molecule.
where, d = diameter of the molecule
3k BT 3 RT
⇒ = 11.2 × 103 and n = number of molecules per unit 11 (d) We know that, vrms =
mO 2 volume. M
In the given problem, vrms and R are
(11.2 × 103 )2 (mO 2 ) 6 (a) Gases cannot be liquified above constants.
or T = critical temperature, however large the T
(3k B ) pressure may be hence CO2 cannot be = constant
M
Substituting the given values, i.e. liquified. TH T
k B = 1.38 × 10−23 JK−1 = O
7 (b) Mean free path of gas molecules, MH MO
and mO 2 = m = 2.76 × 10−26 kg λ1 + λ2 + L + λn Q M H = 2, M O = 32
λ=
(112 3 2
. × 10 ) (2.76 × 10 −26
) n TO = 47° C = 320 K 
We get T = 1
⇒ λ= TH 273 + 47
. × 10−23 )
(3 × 138 2πnd 2 ⇒ =
2 32
= 8.326 × 104 K ∴ λ∝d −2
KINETIC THEORY OF GASES 317

T 320 K 1 T1 K 273 + 180 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get

⇒ = = 10 ∴ = ⇒ =
2 32 K 2 T2 K /3 T2
 8
∴ T = 20 K 453 vav =   vrms = 0.92 vrms …(iii)
⇒ 3= ⇒ T2 = 151K  3π 
12 (b) The root mean square velocity is T2
given by T2 = 151 − 273 = −122° C vav
3RT Therefore, = constant
vrms = 3RT
vrms
M 18 (a) rms speed, vrms = Hence, root mean square velocity will
M
v1 T also become 4 times, while the average
So, = 1 3RT1
v2 T2 ⇒ vrms1 = velocity becomes 4 time of initial one.
(where, M is a constant) M 23 (b) The mean free path of a gas
3RT2 molecule is the average distance
Given, T1 = 120 K, T2 = 480 K, v1 = v and vrms 2 =
M between two successive collisions.
v 120 1 1 It is represented by λ.
So, = = = Given, T1 = 327° C = (327 + 273) K
v2 480 4 2 k BT
vrms1 T v 600 λ=
Now, = 1⇒ = 2πσ 2 p
⇒ v2 = 2v vrms 2 T2 v T2
1
13 (d) Given, vO 2 = vH 2 2 Here, σ = density of molecule
2 600
⇒ T2 = = 150 K and k B = Boltzmann’s as constant.
3RT 1 3R × 273 4
∴ = Hence, mean free path varies inversely
32 2 2 = 150 − 273 = −123°C
with the density of the gas. It can be
 3RT  19 (a) Average speed of gas is given as easily proved that the mean free path
Q vrms =  varies directly with the temperature and
 molecular weight  8 RT
vav = ⋅ inversely with the pressure of the gas.
T 273 π M
⇒ = or T = 4 × 273 24 (e) Kinetic energy of a gas molecule
32 8 Hence, vav ∝ T
3
or T = 1092 K E= RT
20 (c) As, kinetic energy of gas is given as 2
= 1092 − 273 = 819 ° C where, R is universal gas constant.
1 2 3
14 (c) Most probable velocity, K = mvrms = RT E T
2 2 ∴ E ∝T ⇒ 1 = 1
2RT 2 × 8.31 × 421 K 2 T2 E2 T2
vmp = = ⇒ K ∝T ⇒ =
m 28 × 10−3 K 1 T1 Given, E1 = E , E2 = E / 2,
−1 −3 −1 T  T1 = 27°C = (27 + 273) K and T2 = ?
[ mN 2 = 28 gmol = 28 × 10 kgmol ] ⇒ K 2 = K 1 2
 T1  E 300
= 499.89 = 500 ms −1 ⇒ =
 600 (E / 2) T2
15 (a) The motion of the container is ⇒ K2 = K1   (given)
 300 T2 = 150 K
known as the ordered motion of the gas
and zig-zag motion of gas molecules ⇒ K 2 = 2K 1 or T2 = 150 − 273 = − 123° C
within the container is called 25 (d) Root mean square speed of
disordered/Random motion, like 21 (a) At a given temperature (T ), all the
ideal gas molecules no matter what molecules in a gas is defined as the
brownian motion. When the container square root of mean of the squares of
suddenly stops, ordered kinetic energy their masses have the same average
translational kinetic energy. the speed of different molecules,
gets converted into disordered kinetic
energy which increases the 3 (v12 + v22 + L )
i.e. E = kT i.e. vrms =
temperature of the gas. 2 N
16 (d) If nothing is said about gas, then So, E does not depend upon density 3RT
or vrms =
we should calculate the translational (as mass = ρV ) M
kinetic energy. E1
= 1: 1 (according to kinetic theory of gases)
3
Etrans = RT E2 while most probable speed is the speed
2
22 (b) According to kinetic theory of which maximum number of molecules
3 in a gas have at constant temperature
= × 8.31 × (273 + 0) gases, average velocity,
2 and is given by
8RT
= 3.4 × 103 J vav = …(i) vmp = 2RT / M
Mπ
17 (a) Given, K 1 = K , K 2 = K / 3, According to kinetic theory of gases, It is obvious that, vrms > vmp .
T1 = 180°C = (180 + 273) K Also, Maxwell distribution for the
root mean square velocity,
Kinetic energy of a gas is directly speed of molecules in a gas is
proportional to its temperature. 3RT
vrms = …(ii) asymmetrical.
M
318 CHAPTERWISE & TOPICWISE ~ MEDICAL SOLVED PAPERS

26 (a) We know that, rms speed is directly  3 3 1

Since, v =   vs = × 1150 ⇒ vrms ∝
proportional to square root of  γ 1.69 M
temperature. (vrms )O 3
vrms ∝ T = 1532.19 ms−1
MO2  32
= =   = 2: 3
(vrms )O 2 MO3  48
vrms (1) T1 3RT
Hence, = 28 (d) As, vrms =
vrms (2) T2 M 31 (d) Root mean square velocity is
Given, T1 = 27° C = (27 + 273) K, v1 T1 M defined as the square root of the mean
⇒ = × 2
T2 = 227°C = (227 + 273) K, v2 M 1 T2 of the squares of the random velocities
vrms(1) = 400 ms −1 and vs = vrms(2) = ? of the individual molecules of a gas.
vH TH M
400 27 + 273 300 ⇒ = × N Maxwell’s speed distribution law states
⇒ = = vN MH TN
vrms (2) 227 + 273 500 that,
TH × 28
500 ⇒ 7= (given)  3kT 
⇒ vrms (2) = vs = × 400 2 × 300 vrms =  
300  m 
= 1. 29 × 400 TH × 28
or 49 = ⇒ vrms ∝ T
600
= 516. 39 ms−1 ~− 516 ms
−1
vrms1 T1
49 × 600 ∴ =
27 (b) As we know, ∴ TH = = 1050 K vrms 2 T2
28
8.3
R= cal g mol −1K−1 29 (c) When container is placed on fast 4 T′
4.2 ⇒ = (given)
moving train, then there is no effect on 1 273
and CV = C p − R
the random speed of molecules in the T ′ = 4368 K = 4095° C
 8. 3  container, therefore temperature of the
=  4.8 −  = 2.824 32 (b) We have,
 4. 2  gas remains unchanged.
vH M He  4 2
Cp 4.8 3RT = =   =
Also, γ= = = 1.69 30 (d) As, vrms = vHe MH  1 1
CV 2.824 M
1
Thus, vHe = vH
2

Topic 3
Degrees of Freedom, Law of Equipartition
of Energy and Specific Heat Capacity
2019 3 In an isobaric process, the work done by a di-atomic gas is
 Cp  10 J, the heat given to the gas will be [AIIMS]
1 The value of γ  =  , for hydrogen, helium and another (a) 35 J (b) 30 J
 CV 
(c) 45 J (d) 60 J
ideal diatomic gas X (whose molecules are not rigid but
have an additional vibrational mode), are respectively
4 Assertion Vibrational degree of freedom of a di-atomic gas
molecule appears at every high temperature.
equal to [NEET (Odisha)]
7 5 9 5 7 9 5 77 7 5 7 Reason Di-atomic gas has two vibrational degree of
(a) , , (b) , , (c) , (d) , , freedom in one direction. [AIIMS]
5 3 7 3 5 7 3 55 5 3 5
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is
Cp
2 If 7 g N 2 is mixed with 20 g Ar, the of mixture will be the correct explanation of assertion.
CV [AIIMS] (b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is
17 11 17 17 not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(a) (b) (c) (d) (c) Assertion is correct, but Reason is incorrect.
6 7 11 13
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
KINETIC THEORY OF GASES 319

2018 2013
5 The volume (V ) of a monoatomic gas varies with its 11 The amount of heat energy required to raise the
temperature (T ), as shown in the graph. The ratio of work temperature of 1 g of helium at NTP, from T1 K to T2 K is
done by the gas, to the heat absorbed by it, when it 3 3
(a) N a k B (T2 − T1 ) (b) N a k B (T2 − T1 )
undergoes a change from state A to state B, is [NEET] 8 2 [NEET]
3 3 T2
V (c) N a k B (T2 − T1 ) (d) N a k B ( )
4 4 T1

B 2010
A 5
12 The value of CV for O2 is R, with increase in
O T 2
7
temperature, It becomes R due to [OJEE]
(a) 1/3 (b) 2/3 2
(c) 2/5 (d) 2/7 (a) translational motion (b) rotational motion
6 A gas consisting of a rigid di-atomic molecules was initially (c) vibrational motion (d) None of these
under standard condition. Then, gas was compressed 13 10 mol of an ideal monatomic gas at 10° C is mixed with
adiabatically to one-fifth of its initial volume. What will be 20 mol of another monatomic gas at 20° C. Then, the
the mean kinetic energy of a rotating molecule in the final temperature of the mixture is [DUMET]
state? [AIIMS] (a) 15.5° C (b) 15° C (c) 16° C (d) 16.6° C
(a) 1.44 J (b) 4.55 J
2009
(c) 787.98 × 10−23 J (d) 757.3 × 10−23 J
14 At ordinary temperature, the molecules of an ideal gas have
2017 only translational and rotational kinetic energies. At high
7 Assertion The molecules of a monoatomic gas has three temperatures they may also have vibrational energy. As a
degrees of freedom. result of this at higher temperature, [UP CPMT]
3
Reason The molecules of di-atomic gas has five degrees (a) CV = R for a monoatomic gas
of freedom. [NEET] 2
3
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason (b) CV > R for a monoatomic gas
is the correct explanation of Assertion. 2
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is 5
(c) CV < R for a diatomic gas
not the correct explanation of Assertion. 2
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect. 5
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect. (d) CV = R for a diatomic gas
2
8 A gas mixture consists of 2 moles of O2 and 4 moles of Ar
2008
at temperature T. Neglecting all vibrational modes, the total
internal energy of the system is [NEET] 15 A given mass of a gas is compressed isothermally until its
(a) 4 RT (b) 15 RT pressure is doubled. It is then allowed to expand
(c) 9 RT (d) 11 RT adiabatically until its original volume is restored and its
pressure is then found to be 0.75 of its initial pressure. The
2016 ratio of the specific heat of the gas is approximately
9 One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas undergoes a process (a) 1.20 (b) 1.41 [AFMC]
described by the equation pV 3 = constant. The heat (c) 1.67 (d) 1.83
capacity of the gas during this process is [NEET] 16 If quantity of heat 1163.4 J supplied to one mole of
3 5 nitrogen gas, at room temperature and at constant pressure,
(a) R (b) R (c) 2R (d) R
2 2 then the rise in temperature is [Kerala CEE]
2015 (a) 54 K (b) 28 K (c) 65 K (d) 8 K
Cp (e) 40 K
10 The ratio of the specific heats = γ in terms of degrees 17 The molar specific heat at constant pressure of an ideal gas
CV
is (7/2)R. The ratio of specific heat at constant pressure to
of freedom ( n ) is given by [AIPMT] that at constant volume is [Haryana PMT]
 1  n  2  n
(a) 1 +  (b) 1 +  (c) 1 +  (d) 1 +  (a) 7/5 (b) 8/7 (c) 5/7 (d) 9/7
 n  3  n  2
320 CHAPTERWISE & TOPICWISE ~ MEDICAL SOLVED PAPERS

18 For a gas molecule with 6 degrees of freedom, the law of 23 The gases carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen at the same
equipartition of energy gives the following relation temperature have kinetic energies E1 and E 2 , respectively.
between the molecular specific heat (CV ) and gas Then, [MHT CET]
constant ( R ) [J&K CET] (a) E1 = E 2 (b) E1 > E 2
(a) CV = R / 2 (b) CV = R (c) E1 < E 2 (d) None of these
(c) CV = 2R (d) CV = 3 R
2006
19 For an ideal gas [J&K CET]
24 For monoatomic gas which is correct ? [JCECE]
(a) C p is less than CV (b) C p is equal to CV 3 5
(c) C p is greater than CV (d) C p = CV = 0 (a) CV = R (b) C p = R
5 2
20 If γ is the ratio of specific heats and R is the universal gas Cp 3
constant, then the molar specific heat at constant volume (c) C p − CV = 2R (d) =
CV 5
CV is given by [KCET]
( γ − 1) R 2005
(a) γ R (b)
γ 25 Two cylinders fitted with pistons contain equal amounts of
R γR an ideal diatomic gas at 300 K. The piston of A is free to
(c) (d)
γ −1 γ −1 move, while that of B is held fixed. The same amount of
21 How much heat energy in joules must be supplied to 14 g heat is given to the gas in each cylinder. If the rise in
of nitrogen at room temperature to raise its temperature by temperature of gas in A is 30 K, then rise in temperature of
40° C at constant pressure? (Molecular weight of gas in B is [AMU]
N2 = 28 g and R = constant) [EAMCET]
(a) 30 K (b) 18 K (c) 50 K (d) 42 K
(a) 50 R (b) 60 R 26 Two perfect gases at absolute temperatures T1 and T2 are
(c) 70 R (d) 80 R mixed. There is no loss of energy. The temperature of
2007 mixture of masses of molecules are m1 and m2 and the
number of molecules in the gases are n1 and n 2
22 If 310 J of heat is required to raise the temperature of 2 moles respectively, is [Haryana PMT]
of an ideal gas at constant pressure from 25°C to 35°C. The
T1 + T2 n1T1 + n 2T2
amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the gas (a) (b)
through the same range at constant volume is [KCET] 2 n1 + n 2
(a) 384 J (b) 144 J n1T2 + n 2T1
(c) (d) T1T2 / n1 n 2
(c) 276 J (d) 452 J n1 + n 2

1 (a) 2 (c) 3 (a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (c) 7 (b) 8 (d) 9 (d) 10 (c)
11 (a) 12 (c) 13 (d) 14 (a) 15 (b) 16 (e) 17 (a) 18 (d) 19 (c) 20 (c)
21 (c) 22 (b) 23 (a) 24 (b) 25 (d) 26 (b)

Explanations
1 (a) The Poisson’s ratio, where, f = degree of freedom. For helium gas, which is monoatomic,
Cp  f  the degree of freedom is 3
γ= …(i) ⇒ C p =  + 1 R (3 translational only).
CV 2 
2 5
where, C p = molar heat capacity So, Eq. (i) becomes, ∴ γ =1+ =
3 3
constant pressure 2
⇒ γ =1+ The diatomic gas X also have
and CV = molar heat capacity at f
vibrational motion, so degree of
constant volume
For hydrogen gas, which is diatomic, freedom is 7 (3 translational, 2
Also, C p = CV + R the degree of freedom is 5 rotational and 2 vibrational).
(from Mayer’s relation) (3 translational, 2 rotational). 2 9
f 2 7 ∴ γ =1+ =
CV = R ∴ γ =1+ = 7 7
2 5 5
KINETIC THEORY OF GASES 321

2 (c) For N 2 gas, degree of freedom At constant pressure, heat given to gas For a monoatomic gas, f = 3
is given by  3  5
[for di-atomic gas] ⇒ C p =  R + R = R
Q = nC p ∆T …(iii)  2  2
f 5 where,
∴ CV1 = ⋅ R = R
2 2 C p = specific heat at constant pressure. Substituting the value of C p in Eq. (ii),
7 From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get we get
and C p1 = CV1 + R = R
2 nR ∆T 5 
W
= =
R ∆Q = n  R (TB − TA )
Amount of N 2 gas, m1 = 7 g 2 
Q nC p ∆T C p
∴ Number of moles of N 2 , ∆W nR (TB − TA ) 2
=
R Hence, = =
m 7 ( f + 2 )R ∆Q 5  5
n1 = 1 = n  R (TB − TA )
28 28 2 
2
1
n1 =  ( f + 2) R  6 (c) For di-atomic gas, γ = 14
. =
7
4 Q Cp =
 2  5
For Ar gas, degree of freedom, f = 3 W 2 At standard condition, T = 27° C
3 =
∴ CV2 = R Q f +2 = 300 K
2 [Q W = 10 J (given)] For adiabatic process,
∴ C p 2 = CV2 + R
10 2 TV γ − 1 = constant
3 5 =
= R + R= R Q 5+ 2 T1V1γ − 1 = T2V2γ − 1
2 2
Amount of Ar gas, m2 = 20 g [For di-atomic gas, f = 5] 7 7
−1
−1 V  5
∴ Number of moles of Ar gas, ⇒ Q = 35 J (300)V15 = T2  1  (given)
 5
m 20 1 4 (b) There are two vibrational degree of
n2 = 2 = = 300 × V12/ 5
40 40 2 freedom of di-atomic gas molecules at ⇒ T2 =
high temperature. Hence, vibrational 2 2/ 5
n1C p1 + n2Cp2  1
∴ (C p )mix = degree of freedom of a di-atomic gas V15 ×  
n1 + n2  5
molecule appears at every high
1 7 1 5 temperature because vibration in gas 300
× R+ × R = −2
= 300 × 52/ 5
= 4 2 2 2 molecules is directly proportional to
1 1 the square root of its temperature. 55
+
4 2 Hence, both Assertion and Reason are = 300 × 1.903 = 571
17R correct but Reason is not the correct Mean kinetic energy of rotating
= explanation of Assertion.
6 molecules
n1CV1 + n2CV2 5 (c) According to the given graph, . × 10−23 × 571
= kT = 138
(CV )mix =
n1 + n2 volume (V ) ∝ temperature (T ) = 787.98 × 10−23 J
V
1 5 1 3 or = constant 7 (b) A monoatomic gas molecules like
× R+ × R T
= 4 2 2 2 He consists of single atom. It can have
1 1 V
+ translational motion in any direction in
4 2 B space.
11R Thus, it has three translational degree
= VB
6 A of freedom f = 3 (all translational). It
17R VA can also rotate but due to its small
 Cp  17 moment of inertia rotational kinetic
∴   = γmix = 6 = O TA TB energy is neglected.
 CV  mix 11R 11 T
6 The molecules of a diatomic gas
Thus, the process is isobaric. (like O2 , CO2 , H2 ) cannot only move
3 (a) Given, for isobaric process, ∴ Work done, ∆W = p∆V body, but also rotate about any one of
Work done by a di-atomic gas the three coordinates.
= nR∆T = nR (TB − T A ) …(i)
By ideal gas equation, at constant Hence, it can have two rotational
Heat absorbed,
pressure, degree of freedom.
p ∆V = nR∆T …(i) ∆Q = nC p ∆T
Thus, a diatomic molecule has 5
∴Work done, W = p ∆V = nC p (TB − T A ) …(ii) degree of freedom i.e. 3 translational
W = nR ∆T …(ii) γR  2 and 2 rotational.
As, C p = ,  where, γ = 1 + 
γ −1  f
322 CHAPTERWISE & TOPICWISE ~ MEDICAL SOLVED PAPERS

8 (d) Total internal energy of system Hence, internal energy (∆U = nCV ∆T ) 16 (e) Heat given to the gas at room
= Internal energy of oxygen molecules increases. With the increase in internal temperature and at constant pressure.
+ Internal energy of argon molecules energy, the atoms within the molecule Q = nC p ∆T
may also vibrate with respect to each
f f
= 1 n1RT + 2 n2RT Given, Q = 1163.4 J
other. In such cases, the molecule will
2 2 7
have an additional degree of freedom ⇒ 1163.4 = 1 × R × ∆T
5 3 2
= × 2RT + × 4 RT due to their vibrational motion.
2 2 7
13 (d) Temperature of the mixture is given (Q C p = R for diatomic gas)
= 11RT 2
by
9 (d) As we know that, for polytropic n1T1 + n2T2 2 × 1163.4
process of index α, T = ⇒ ∆T =
n1 + n2 7 × 8. 31
R
Specific heat capacity, CV + Given, n1 = 10 mol, n2 = 20 mol, (Q R = 8.31 J mol −1K−1 )
1−α
T1 = 10° C and T2 = 20° C
Q Process, pV 3 = constant 10 × 10 + 20 × 20 ∴ Rise in temperature, ∆T = 40 K
=
⇒ α=3 10 + 20 17 (a) Molar specific heat at constant
500 7
∴ C = CV +
R
=
fR
+
R
= ≈ 16.6° C pressure, C p = R
1−α 2 1− 3 30 2
Mayer’s relation can be written as
For monoatomic gas, f = 3 14 (a) The degree of freedom for
3R R diatomic gas and polyatomic at room C p − CV = R
⇒ C = − =R temperature is f but at higher ⇒ CV = C p − R
2 2
temperature their degree of freedom 7 5
10 (c) The specific heat of gas at constant are increased by one due to vibrational = R−R= R
2 2
volume in terms of degree of freedom n motion of molecule.
is Hence, required ratio is
But for monoatomic gas it is constant.
n
CV = R  7
C p  2
Hence, for monoatomic gas R
2 7
3
CV = R γ= = =
Also, C p − CV = R CV  5 5
2  R
n  n  2
So, C p = R + R = R 1 +  where, CV = molar heat capacity at
2  2 constant volume. 18 (d) Specific heat at constant volume
 n 15 (b) In isothermal process, temperature (CV ) and degree of freedom ( f ) are
R 1 + 
Cp  2  2 of the gas remains constant, so the gas related as
Now, γ = = = 1 + 
CV n  n obeys Boyle’s law. f
R 1 Q CV = R
2 i.e. p∝ 2
V 6
11 (a) We know that, CV = R (given)
p2 V1 2
Q=
f
nR∆T =
f m
k B N a ∆T ⇒ =
2 2M p1 V2 ⇒ CV = 3R
 R  2 p V1 1 1
⇒ = 19 (c) From CV = f R = × 6R = 3R
where, k B = N  p V2 2 2
 a

where, f = degree of freedom. V1 (for polyatomic gas)

∴ =2 …(i)
V2 and C p − CV = R
Amount of heat required,
3 1 Now, the gas is expanded C p = R + 3R = 4 R
Q = × × k B N a ∆T Hence, C p is always greater than CV
2 4 adiabatically, so pV γ = constant
Q f = 3, m = given mass = 1g  γ i.e. C p > CV
p1  V2 
and M = molecular mass = 4 (for He) =  20 (c) From the Mayer’s formula,
p2  V1 
3 C p − CV = R …(i)
= k B N a (T2 − T1 ) γ
8 2p  1 Cp
⇒ =  Also, γ=
where, k B is Boltzmann constant and 0.75 p  2 CV
N a is Avogadro’s number. Taking log on both sides, we get ⇒ γCV = C p …(ii)
12 (c) Oxygen is a di-atomic gas and  8
hence has 5 degrees of freedom log   = − γ log 2 On substituting Eq. (ii) in Eq. (i), we get
 3
3 translational and 2 rotational. γCV − CV = R
As the heat is given to oxygen CV ⇒ log 8 − log 3 = − γ log 2
CV (γ − 1) = R
5R 7R ∴ γ = − 1.41
increases from to . R
2 2 Hence, the ratio of specific heat of gas ⇒ CV =
γ −1
is 1.41 involve.
KINETIC THEORY OF GASES 323

21 (c) Heat supplied at constant pressure, 23 (a) The gases carbon monoxide (CO) 25 (d) In cylinder A, heat is supplied at
Q = nC p ∆T and nitrogen (N 2) are diatomic, so both constant pressure while in cylinder B
5 heat is supplied at constant volume.
Given, ∆T = 40° C have equal kinetic energy kT , i.e.
7 2 ∴ (∆Q )A = nC p (∆T )A …(i)
C p = R (for diatomic gases) E1 = E2 and (∆Q )B = nCV (∆T )B …(ii)
2
14 1 24 (b) Specific heat at constant volume, Given, (∆Q )A = (∆Q )B
Number of moles, n = =
28 2 f
CV = R Cp
1 7 2 ∴ (∆T )B = (∆T )A
⇒ Q = × R × 40 = 70R CV
2 2 and specific heat at constant pressure,
22  f  = 1.4 × 30
(b) At constant pressure, heat required C p =  + 1 R
= nC p ∆T 2   Cp 
Q = 1.4 for di-atomic gas
Given, n = 2, heat required = 310 J, For monatomic gas, f = 3  CV 
∆T = T2 − T1 = (35 − 25) °C 3
∴ CV = R = 42.0 K
⇒ 310 = 2 × C p × (35 − 25) 2
3
⇒ Cp =
310
= 15.5 J mol −1 K−1 3  5 26 (b) We know that, E = nkT
and C p =  + 1 R = R 2
20 2  2
where, k = Boltzmann’s constant.
Similarly, at constant volume, From Mayer’s formula, 3 3 3
heat required = nCV ∆T C p − CV = R ∴ n1kT1 + n2kT2 = (n1 + n2 ) kT
2 2 2
= 2(C p − R ) × (35 − 25) 5 3
∴ R− R=R n1T1 + n2T2
(Q C p − CV = R ) 2 2 ⇒ T =
(n1 + n2 )
= 2 × (15. 5 − 8.3) × 10 and γ=
Cp 5/ 2 5
= =
= 2 × 7. 2 × 10 = 144 J CV 3 / 2 3