Module 3
Module 3
Module 3
Topic covered
• SOA Architecture
• MQTT: Message Queuing Telemetry Transport
• LoRAWAN
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1. Sensing layer,
2. Network layer
3. Service layer
4. Interface layer
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‘‘Sensing Layer” to sense the ‘‘things” status with a unique identity and to integrate, e.g.,
actuators, sensors, RFID tags as several types of ‘‘things”;
‘‘Network Layer” to support the transferred information through wired or wireless network
from the ‘‘Sensing Layer” to ‘‘Service Layer”, being the support’s infrastructure. This layer
determines and maps ‘‘things” automatically in the network enabling to connect all ‘‘things”
for sharing and exchange data;
‘‘Interface Layer” to make the interconnection and management of the ‘‘things” easier and
to display information allowing a clear and comprehensible interaction of the user with the
system
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Sensing layer
Sensing layer
Interface layer
Network layer
Service layer
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Publisher-Subscriber Model
A broker is the server that the clients communicate with. The broker receives communications
from clients and sends those communications on to other clients.
Clients do not communicate directly with each other, but rather connect to the broker. Each client
may be either a publisher, a subscriber, or both.
When the client sends the data to the server, then we call this operation as a Publishers.
When the client receives the data from the server, then we call this operation a subscription or Subscriber
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LoRAWAN
End Devices
LoRaWAN end device can be a sensor, an actuator, or both.
They are often battery operated.
These end devices are wirelessly connected to the LoRaWAN
network through gateways using LoRa RF modulation.
Gateways #
Each gateway is registered (using configuration settings) to a
LoRaWAN network server
A gateway receives LoRa messages from end devices and simply
forwards them to the LoRaWAN network server.
Gateways are connected to the Network Server using a backhaul like
Cellular (3G/4G/5G), WiFi, Ethernet, fiber-optic or 2.4 GHz radio
links
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Network Server
Application Server
The Application Server processes application-specific data messages received from end devices.
It also generates all the application-layer downlink payloads and sends them to the connected end
A LoRaWAN network can have more than one application Server. The collected data can be interpreted
by applying techniques like machine learning and artificial intelligence to solve business problems
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Join Server
The Join Server assists in secure device activation, root key storage, and
session key generation.
The join procedure is initiated by the end device by sending the Join-request
message to the Join Server through the Network Server.
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Mark distribution
• Sensor description – 4mark
• Block diagram and Protocol description - 6 mark
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