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Module 3

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
8 views

Module 3

Uploaded by

srinathaacash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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29-07-2023

Module 3

Topic covered
• SOA Architecture
• MQTT: Message Queuing Telemetry Transport
• LoRAWAN

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Service Oriented Architecture


• SOA is used to connect the heterogeneous
device in IoT network
• Service-Oriented Architecture also allows for
using multiple coding languages
• Service-Oriented Architecture to create
reusable code
• Allowing the various systems and platforms to
function independent of each other
Heterogeneous device

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)

1. Sensing layer,
2. Network layer
3. Service layer
4. Interface layer

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‘‘Sensing Layer” to sense the ‘‘things” status with a unique identity and to integrate, e.g.,
actuators, sensors, RFID tags as several types of ‘‘things”;

‘‘Network Layer” to support the transferred information through wired or wireless network
from the ‘‘Sensing Layer” to ‘‘Service Layer”, being the support’s infrastructure. This layer
determines and maps ‘‘things” automatically in the network enabling to connect all ‘‘things”
for sharing and exchange data;

‘‘Service Layer” makes use of a middleware technology supporting services and


applications, required by the users or applications. The interoperability among the
heterogeneous devices is ensured by this layer, performing useful services, e.g., data
storage, data mining, security , service discover exchanging and management of data as well
as the ontology database

‘‘Interface Layer” to make the interconnection and management of the ‘‘things” easier and
to display information allowing a clear and comprehensible interaction of the user with the
system

SOA architecture example

Sensing layer Network layer Service layer Interface layer

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SOA based Industry energy management and predative maintenance


Service layer

Network layer Interface layer

Sensing layer

vibration sensor current sensor photoresistor sensor


temperature sensors

SOA architecture for air pollution monitoring


Dust sensors MQ-135 Air quality sensor temperature and humidity sensor

Sensing layer
Interface layer

Network layer

Service layer

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MQTT: Message Queuing Telemetry Transport

 machine-to-machine (M2M) protocol, it provides communication between the


devices
 Widely used on low bandwidth and remote location
 It does not require that both the client and the server establish a connection at
the same time
 It allows the clients to subscribe to the narrow selection of topics so that they can
receive the information they are looking for.
 It is designed as a simple and lightweight messaging protocol that uses a
publish/subscribe system to exchange the information between the client and the
server.

Publisher-Subscriber Model

 This model comprises three entities: Publishers, Brokers, and Subscriber

 A broker is the server that the clients communicate with. The broker receives communications
from clients and sends those communications on to other clients.

 Clients do not communicate directly with each other, but rather connect to the broker. Each client
may be either a publisher, a subscriber, or both.

 When the client sends the data to the server, then we call this operation as a Publishers.

 When the client receives the data from the server, then we call this operation a subscription or Subscriber

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Home automation using MQTT

LoRaWAN based IoT


A new set of wireless technologies known as Low-Power Wide-Area
(LPWA)

Particularly well adapted for long-range and battery-powered


endpoints.

An unlicensed-band LPWA technology, known as LoRaWAN

End Devices , Gateways , Network Server, Application


servers

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LoRAWAN
End Devices
 LoRaWAN end device can be a sensor, an actuator, or both.
 They are often battery operated.
 These end devices are wirelessly connected to the LoRaWAN
network through gateways using LoRa RF modulation.

Gateways #
 Each gateway is registered (using configuration settings) to a
LoRaWAN network server
 A gateway receives LoRa messages from end devices and simply
forwards them to the LoRaWAN network server.
 Gateways are connected to the Network Server using a backhaul like
Cellular (3G/4G/5G), WiFi, Ethernet, fiber-optic or 2.4 GHz radio
links

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Network Server

Establishing secure 128-bit AES connections for the transport of


messages between end-devices and the Application Server (end-
to-end security).
Validating the authenticity of end devices and integrity of
messages.
Deduplicating uplink messages.
Selecting the best gateway for routing downlink messages.
Device address checking.
Providing acknowledgements of confirmed uplink data messages.

Application Server

 The Application Server processes application-specific data messages received from end devices.

 It also generates all the application-layer downlink payloads and sends them to the connected end

devices through the Network Server.

 A LoRaWAN network can have more than one application Server. The collected data can be interpreted

by applying techniques like machine learning and artificial intelligence to solve business problems

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Join Server
 The Join Server assists in secure device activation, root key storage, and
session key generation.

 The join procedure is initiated by the end device by sending the Join-request
message to the Join Server through the Network Server.

 The Join-server processes the Join-request message, generates session keys,


and transfers NwkSKey and AppSKey to the Network server and the
Application server respectively.

LoRa Use Cases

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LoRAWAN based smart city application - LoRaWAN based IoT

Agricultural field monitoring using LoRaWAN

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Mark distribution
• Sensor description – 4mark
• Block diagram and Protocol description - 6 mark

Animal monitoring using LoRaWAN

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