REPUBLIC OF YEMEN

SANA'A UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

BIOMEDICAL ENGINNERING DEPARTMENT

Single Phase Full-Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier with R, R-L

Loads and Capacitor Filter
Experiment No.2

Done by:

Supervised by:

Sep,2024
Table of Contents:

1.1 Introduction:.....................................................................................................................3
2.1 Theory:..............................................................................................................................3
3.1 Tools of Experiment:........................................................................................................3
4.1 Connection:.......................................................................................................................4
5.1 Experiment Procedure :...................................................................................................4
Part A) Ohmic-Inductive (R-L) Load:...................................................................................4
Part B) With Capacitor Filters:............................................................................................5
6.1 Measurements :.................................................................................................................5
Part A) Pure resistive Load:...................................................................................................5
Part B) Ohmic-Inductive(R-L) Load:....................................................................................5
Part C) With Capacitor Filters:............................................................................................6
7.1 Calculations.......................................................................................................................6
8.1 Simulation :.......................................................................................................................7
Part A) Pure resistive Load:.................................................................................................7
Part B) Ohmic-Inductive(R-L) Load:....................................................................................8
Part C) With Capacitor Filters:..........................................................................................10
9.1 Conclusion :.....................................................................................................................13
10.1 Discussion :....................................................................................................................13

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1.1 Introduction:
The single-phase full-wave uncontrolled rectifier is a cornerstone experiment in the
study of power electronics and electrical engineering. This experiment is designed to
provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the principles and practical
applications of rectification, a process that converts alternating current (AC) to direct
current (DC). Rectifiers are essential components in many electronic devices,
including power supplies, battery chargers, and DC motor drives.

2.1 Theory:
The bridge configuration of diodes provides full-wave rectification by ensuring that
at any given moment, two of the four diodes are forward biased while the other two
are reverse biased. This allows for two diodes to conduct simultaneously, in contrast
to the single diode used in half-wave rectifiers. Consequently, a voltage difference
exists between the input (VIN) and output (VOUT) due to the forward voltage drops
across the two conducting diodes; for simplicity, ideal diodes are assumed in
calculations. During the positive half cycle of VIN, diodes D1 and D4 conduct,
allowing current to flow through the load (RL) in the path of D1 , D4. Conversely, in
the negative half cycle, diodes D2 and D3 conduct, with current flowing along D3
,D2. In both cases, the positive and negative halves of the input waveform generate
positive output peaks, resulting in a unidirectional current through the load between
nodes A and B. This means that the negative half-cycle of the input source is
transformed into a positive half-cycle at the load. With resistive or partially inductive
loads, the current remains continuous, and the diodes switch at zero crossings of the
AC voltage, leading to a waveform that consists of successive half-cycles of a sine
wave. For purely resistive loads, the shape of the DC current mirrors that of the output
voltage, scaled by the resistance (1/RL), and the average value of the output DC
.voltage can be determined based on these parameters

:Tools of Experiment 3.1

1. 220V/50Hz power supply
2. 1 x Step down transformer 220V/45V.
3. 4 x Power silicon diodes.
4. 3x100Ω resistive load (To connected in parallel ).
5. 2x50 mH inductive load (To connected in series ).
6. 3 x capacitors (4µF, 8µF, 16µF).
7. 1 x Dual Channel Oscilloscope.
8. 1 x Isolation Amplifier Four Channel.
9. 2 x Multimmerters
10. Safety Connection wires.

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:Connection 4.1

Fig4.1: Connection diagram for single phase full-wave uncontrolled

rectifier

5.1 Experiment Procedure :

Part A) Ohmic-Inductive (R-L) Load:

1. Make sure that the power source is switched off then establish the connections
according to the connection diagram shown below (fig.2.1) without capacitor
(use three 100Ω resistors and connect them in parallel as load).
2. After completing the connection of the above circuit you can switch on the
power supply.
3. Measure the average and RMS output voltage by connecting the voltammeter
across load and enter the values in Table 2.1.
4. Measure the average and RMS output current and enter their values in Table
1.1.
5. Calculate the values of the average and RMS output voltage and current using
the formulas and enter their values in Table 2.1 compare the results with the
measured values.
6. Adjust the oscilloscope and the isolation amplifier to make the waveforms
readable.
7. Sketch the waveforms of source voltage, output voltage, output current, diode
voltages, diode currents, input current as shown in the oscilloscope.
8. Add inductive load in series with the resistive load and observe what will
happen to the waveforms. Give your comment

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Part B) With Capacitor Filters:
Add capacitors (4µF, 8µF, 16µF) in parallel with load and observe what will happen
to the output dc voltage. Record the results in Table 2.2. Give your comment about
the results.

6.1 Measurements :
:Part A) Pure resistive Load
Transformer secondary voltage Vs = 46V
R=33.3Ω
MEASURED CALCULATED
PARAMETER
VALUES VALUES
Maximum amplitude ( Vm ) 65.05V 65.05V
Average value of output voltage (Vdc) 40V 41.41V
rms value of output voltage (Vrms) 43V 45.997V
Average value of load current (Idc) 1.2A 1.24A
rms value of load current ((Irms) 1.3A 1.38A

.Table 6.1: Results for single Phase Full wave rectifier wit R load

Part B) Ohmic-Inductive(R-L) Load:

PARAMETER L = 50 mH L = 100mH
Maximum amplitude (Vm ) 65.05V 65.05V
Average value of output voltage 40V 40V
(Vdc)
rms value of output voltage 43V 43V
(Vrms)
Average value of load current (Idc) 1.1A 1.15A

rms value of load current (Irms) 1.1A 1.2A

.Table 6.2: Results for single Phase Full wave rectifier wit R load

:Part C) With Capacitor Filters

Capacitance of 4µF 8µF 220µF
capacitor(c)

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 Average value of output 3.9V 1.9V 1.09V
voltage

.Table 6.3: Results for single Phase Full wave rectifier with freewheeling diode

Calculations 7.1
2Vm 2∗65.05
Vdc= = =41.41 v
π π

2 Vm 2∗65.05
Idc= = =1.24 A
π∗R π∗33.3

Vm 65.05
Vrms= = =45.997 v
√2 √ 2
Vm 65.05
Irms= = =1.38 A
R √2 33.3∗ √2

Pdc Vdc∗Idc
η= = =0.804∗100=80.367 %
Prms Vrms∗Irms

Pdc Pdc
TUF= = =0.803
( )
Vs∗Is Vm Vm
∗( )
√ 2 R √2
1
Reting= =1.246
TUF

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8.1 Simulation :
:Part A) Pure resistive Load

Fig8.1: pure resistive load

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Part B) Ohmic-Inductive(R-L) Load:

Fig8.2: R-L load with L=100mH

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Fig1.5:Waves of R-L load with L=50mH

Fig8.3 R-L load with L=50mH

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:Part C) With Capacitor Filters

Fig8.4 R-C load with C=4µF

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Fig8.5 R-C load with C=8µF

9.1 Conclusion :
In conclusion, the bridge rectifier configuration is an efficient solution for
converting alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC) by utilizing four diodes to
facilitate full-wave rectification. This design ensures that current flows in a
unidirectional manner through the load, regardless of the input waveform's polarity.
By conducting through two diodes at any given time, the bridge rectifier minimizes
voltage drops and maximizes efficiency while producing a smooth DC output
waveform composed of successive positive half-cycles. The continuous nature of the
current, especially in resistive and partially inductive loads, further enhances
performance by maintaining a steady voltage. Overall, the bridge rectifier stands out
as a reliable and effective component in power electronics, widely used in various
applications requiring efficient DC supply.

10.1 Discussion :
o Both halves of the AC waveform are utilized, resulting in a continuous output.
o The output signal consists of both positive and negative half-cycles, inverted
to produce a unidirectional output.
o The average output voltage is higher than that of a half-wave rectifier.
o Higher efficiency (up to 81.2%).
o More of the input waveform is converted into usable DC.
o Lower ripple factor, resulting in a smoother DC output (This leads to less
fluctuation in the output voltage).
o Higher TUF, as both halves of the transformer winding are used.
o As increasing inductor value as average voltage being closed to rms voltage.
o There is a little bit difference between particular values and theoretical values
due to losses in measuring devices

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