FALLSEM2024-25 MSTE504L TH VL2024250105850 2024-07-19 Reference-Material-I

Classification of Structures
Load Bearing Structure Advantages of Load-bearing Structures

1.The structure built is extremely sturdy
and solid.
2.These buildings are highly fire-resistant.
3.Masonry pieces come in various colors
and textures, allowing endless creativity.
4.These structures do not require a lot of
planning.
5.They have a pleasing appearance.
6.Tools and equipment for masonry
buildings are affordable.
Disadvantages of Load-bearing structures
1.These structures perform badly during

earthquakes.
2.They involve extensive use of masonry
units. Their construction demands more work.
3.Due to the expensive masonry units used to
construct these buildings, they are unreliable.
4.These types of structures are heavier.
5.These structures have very low thermal
insulating capabilities.
Truss Structure
Structures having a large span and little depth
are known as trusses. A truss is made up of
thin, triangle-shaped components that are
placed in a certain sequence. A planar truss,
often used for bridges, has all of its parts in
the same plane.
There are three-dimensional components that
make up a space truss. The truss converts
weights into tension and compression forces,
which bend the truss. Due to these benefits,
the truss comprises long and thin segments
and utilizes less material than the beam.
Rigid Frame Structure
On-site construction takes place for these frames.

They increase stability and effectively resist rotation
for many types of building structures.
Braced Frame Structure
By bracing the diagonal members used to resist

sideways forces, this frame structure resists lateral
forces. The structure is braced by inserting diagonal
structural members into the rectangular areas of a
structural frame.
Cable and Arch Structure
In situations when trusses are not feasible, long

spans are supported by cables, which significantly
increase the cost and scale of the structure. These
structures are utilized for spans greater than 46
meters (150ft) and can bear weights in tension.
These are used in bridge structures, and the use of
cables is limited by their weight, sag, and anchorage
method.
Arches are composed of curvilinear members that rest

on supports. They are used for large-span structures
and other construction with wide spans, including
aircraft hangars.
Pre-Engineered
Structure
Pre-engineered structures have

the advantage of being simple to
assemble, sturdy, and easily
adaptable. Unfortunately, they
are far more expensive than
other building types, and the
design must be square or
rectangular.
Tensile Structure
A structure with only tension and no compression

or bending is known as a tensile structure. The
most common type of thin-shell structure is
tensile. Using membranes like PTFE-coated
fiberglass or PVC, these structures provide
designers and end users with various
aesthetically appealing free-form canopy designs.
Composite Structures
Advantages of Composite Structures
1.Heat and electricity are not a concern for composite
buildings.
2.Composite structures are lighter than conventional ones,
making them simpler to carry and erect.
3.Engineers may design buildings to suit their demands
since these structures are versatile.
Disadvantages of Composite Structures
1.High raw material costs and usually high fabrication and
assembly costs, poor strength in the out-of-plane direction
where the matrix carries the primary load.
2.Composite structures are susceptible to impact damage
and have greater difficulty repairing them than metallic
structures.
• Stable Equilibrium:
• If the structure returns to its original configuration upon releasing
from a virtually displaced state, it is in stable equilibrium. Minor
perturbations should not cause significant movements like a
mechanism; rather, the structure vibrates around its equilibrium
position.
• Unstable Equilibrium
• If the structure does not return to its original state after the release of
virtual displacements, it is in unstable equilibrium. Small
perturbations cause large movements, preventing the structure from
returning to its equilibrium position.
• Neutral Equilibrium
• In this state, it's unclear if the structure is in stable or unstable
equilibrium. Small perturbations cause large movements, but the
structure can be brought back to its original equilibrium position
without requiring external work.

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Classification of Structures

Load Bearing Structure Advantages of Load-bearing Structures

1.These structures perform badly during

On-site construction takes place for these frames.

By bracing the diagonal members used to resist

In situations when trusses are not feasible, long

Arches are composed of curvilinear members that rest

Pre-engineered structures have

A structure with only tension and no compression

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