Scribd
Upload
21 views29 pages

Constant and Linear Functions - SAR

DADADA

Uploaded by

alarazon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
21 views29 pages

Constant and Linear Functions - SAR

DADADA

Uploaded by

alarazon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 29

Topic 4

Constant and Linear Functions


Domain, Range and Graph

GENMATH
Chemical Engineering Department
Dr. Susan A. Roces
1T, AY 2024 - 2025
CONSTANT FUNCTIONS
Constant functions
u The simplest of all real-valued functions
u Function which takes the same value of y no
matter what the value of x is.

General Form: y = f (x) = c


Domain : D = R = {x / x ∈ R} → (−∞, ∞)
Range : R = {y / y = c} = {c} → [c]
CONSTANT FUNCTIONS
The graph of a constant function y = f(x) = c
Ø The graph is always a
horizontal line.

Ø There are no restrictions


on the input so the
domain consists of all
real numbers.

Ø The range consist of only one


value c.
Illustrative Examples: CONSTANT FUNCTIONS

1. Give the domain and range of y = 3, and


sketch the graph.

Solution: Graph:

y = f (x) = 3
Domain : D = R
D = {x / x ∈ R}
Range : R = {y / y = 3}
R = {3}
Illustrative Examples: CONSTANT FUNCTIONS

2. Give the domain and range of y = -1/2, and


sketch the graph.

Solution: Graph:
y = f (x) = −1 / 2
Domain : D = R
y = −1 / 2
D = {x / x ∈ R}
Range : R = {y / y = −1 / 2}
R = {−1 / 2}
LINEAR FUNCTIONS
Ø Linear functions have many applications in
different fields like Physics, Chemistry,
Business, etc.
Ø As long as there is a linear relationship
between two quantities, a study of linear
function would be helpful.
Linear functions
u Functions with one independent variable and
one dependent variable.
u Both x and y are raised to one
LINEAR FUNCTIONS
General Form:
y = f (x) = mx + b

where: m = slope and b = y-intercept

Domain : D = {x / x ∈ R} → (−∞, ∞)
Range : R = {y / y ∈ R} → (−∞, ∞)
x and y intercepts
Ø The x-intercept to the graph of f(x) is the
ordered pair (x, y) where y = 0.
Ø It is the intersection of the graph and the x –
axis.

ü The y-intercept to the graph of f(x) is the


ordered pair (x, y) where x = 0.

ü It is the intersection of the graph and the y –


axis.
x and y intercepts
² It is often sufficient to plot the x and y
intercepts to be able to sketch the graph of
the function.

² Just connect the two points by a straight line


that goes indefinitely from - ∞ to + ∞.
Determining the slope and y-intercept of a line

The slope of a line is calculated as follows:

y2 − y1 f (x2 ) − f (x1 )
m= =
x2 − x1 x2 − x1

Ø Once the slope is known, the y – intercept


can be determined from the standard form
of the line:
y = f (x) = mx + b
Illustrative Examples: LINEAR FUNCTIONS

1. Give the domain, range, intercepts and sketch


the graph of the following:
y = f (x) = 2x +1 y-intercept: let x = 0:
D = {x / x ∈ R} y = 2(0) +1
R = {y / y ∈ R} y = 1, P(0,1)

x-intercept: let y = 0:
0 = 2x +1
x = −1 / 2, P(−1 / 2, 0)
Illustrative Examples: LINEAR FUNCTIONS

2. Give the domain, range, intercepts and sketch


the graph of the following:
y = f (x) = x This is a special linear function called
the Identity Function.
D = {x / x ∈ R}
R = {y / y ∈ R}
x-intercept: let y = 0:
0 = x, P(0, 0)
y-intercept: let x = 0:
y = 0, P(0, 0)
Illustrative Examples: LINEAR FUNCTIONS

y = f (x) = x
Also, since, y = x
whatever is the value of x becomes also the
value of y
Illustrative Examples: LINEAR FUNCTIONS

3. For the given graph of a linear function, determine the


following:
(a) domain (c) slope
(b) range ((d) y-intercept and x-intercept
Illustrative Examples: LINEAR FUNCTIONS

Solution:

(a) D = {x / x ∈ R}
(b) R = {y / y ∈ R}
(c) The slope of a line P1 (3, 3) and P2 (6,1) is:
y2 − y1 1− 3 2
m= = =−
x2 − x1 6 − 3 3
(d) To solve for y - intercept: x = 0 : P1 (0, b)
Choose any given point, P2 (6,1)
Illustrative Examples: LINEAR FUNCTIONS

Given : P1 (0, b), P2 (6,1) and m = −2 / 3


y2 − y1
m=
x2 − x1
2 1− b
− =
3 6−0
−2(6) = 3− 3b
3b = 3+12 = 15
15
b = = 5, The y − int ercept is P1 (0, 5)
3
Illustrative Examples: LINEAR FUNCTIONS

(d) To solve for x - intercept: y = 0 : P1 (x1, 0)


Choose any given point, P2 (3, 3)

Given : P1 (x1, 0), P2 (3, 3) and m = −2 / 3


y2 − y1 2x1 = 9 + 6 = 15
m=
x2 − x1 15
x1 =
2 3− 0 2
− = The x − int ercept is
3 3− x1
⎛ 15 ⎞
−2(3) + 2x1 = 9 P1 ⎜ , 0 ⎟
⎝2 ⎠
General Form of the Equation of a Line

Every line can be represented by the


general form:
Ax + By + C = 0
where A and B are constants and non-zero
Standard Forms of the Equation of a Line

1. Point-slope form
y − y1 = m(x − x1 )
2. Slope-intercept form
y = mx + b, where b = y-intercept
y = m ( x − a ), where a = x-intercept
3. Two-intercept form
x y
+ =1
a b
Illustrative Examples: LINEAR FUNCTIONS

4. For the given graph of a linear function, express the equation of


the line in the following forms:
(a) slope-intercept form
(b) point-slope form
(c) two-intercept form
(d) general form
Illustrative Examples: LINEAR FUNCTIONS

Solution:
(a) Slope-intercept form
y = mx + b, where b = y-intercept
Given : P(0, 5) and m = −2 / 3

2
y =− x+5
3
Illustrative Examples: LINEAR FUNCTIONS

(a) Slope-intercept form


y = m ( x − a ), where a = x-intercept

⎛ 15 ⎞
Given : P ⎜ , 0 ⎟ and m = −2 / 3
⎝2 ⎠
2 ⎛ 15 ⎞
y = − ⎜x − ⎟
3⎝ 2⎠
Illustrative Examples: LINEAR FUNCTIONS

(b) Point - slope form


y − y1 = m(x − x1 )
Given : P (3, 3) and m = −2 / 3

2
y − 3 = − ( x − 3)
3
Illustrative Examples: LINEAR FUNCTIONS

(c) Two-intercept form


x y
+ = 1 where a = x-intercept
a b b = y-intercept
⎛ 15 ⎞
Given : P ⎜ , 0 ⎟ and P(0, 5)
⎝2 ⎠
x y 2x y
+ =1 → + =1
15 5 15 5
2
Illustrative Examples: LINEAR FUNCTIONS

(d) General form


Ax + By + C = 0
Ø Use any of the standard form of the
equation of a line
Slope-intercept form
2
y =− x+5
3
Illustrative Examples: LINEAR FUNCTIONS

2
y =− x+5
3
−2x +15
y=
3
3y = −2x +15
2x + 3y −15 = 0
Homework 4_ CONSTANT and LINEAR FUNCTIONS

1. Give the domain, range, intercepts and sketch


the graph of the following:
1. y = -5
2. y = 9/2
3. y = 4x – 3
4. y = 4 – 2x
5. y = 2(x + 3)
Homework 4_ CONSTANT and LINEAR FUNCTIONS

2. For the given graph of a linear function, determine the


following:
(a) domain (d) y-intercept and x-intercept
(b) range (e) equation of the line
(c) slope

Homework 4_ CONSTANT and LINEAR FUNCTIONS


Homework 4_ CONSTANT and LINEAR FUNCTIONS

3. Express the equation of the line in number (2) in the following


forms:
(a) slope-intercept form
(b) point-slope form
(c) two-intercept form
(d) general form

You might also like