Scribd
Upload
26 views22 pages

Topic 6 - Literature Review and Conceptual Framework

Industrial engineering management notes

Uploaded by

Ansgar Alberto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
26 views22 pages

Topic 6 - Literature Review and Conceptual Framework

Industrial engineering management notes

Uploaded by

Ansgar Alberto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

Literature Review and Conceptual

Framework
What is it?
• Discusses published information in a particular subject
area
• It has an organization pattern
• The format may vary from discipline to discipline
• Is the effective evaluation of selected documents on a
research topic
• A thorough review forms an essential part of the
research process or may constitute a research project in
itself
• The evaluation of the literature leads logically to the
research question
LR
• GOOD LR • BAD LR
i. Is a synthesis of i. Annotated bibliography
available research ii.Confined to description
ii. Is a critical evaluation iii.
Narrow and shallow
iii. Has appropriate breath iv.Confusing and
and depth longwinded
iv. Has clarity and v. Constructed in an
conciseness arbitrary way
v. Uses rigorous and
consistent methods
Guide
• Avoid to cover everything written on your
topic
• Pick a research/paper most relevant to the
topic you are investigating
• After review, summarize what has been
done, what has not been done, what needs
to be done
• Note: You are arguing a point why your
study is important!
Why LR?
• Avenue for researcher to take a critical look at the facts
and views already exist in the area you are researching
• It provides one with a helpful guide to a particular
research topic and also provides a solid background for
investigation
• The depth and breadth of the literature review
emphasizes the integrity of the writer in his/her field
• Is a critical analysis that shows an evaluation of the
existing literature and a relationship between different
works
Where to read?

• Literature can include books,


journal articles, internet
(e_journals), newspapers, theses,
conference proceedings etc.
• All sources cited in the LR should
be listed in the references
Common errors!
• Review is not logically organized
• Review not focused on most important face of the
study
• It does not relate literature to the study
• Too few references or outdated references
• Review not written in author’s own words
• Review reads like a series of disjointed summaries
• Review does not argue a point
Layout

• White space: leave space between sections


• Headings/sub-headings: helps to separate ideas
• Text boxes: you can use these for quotations or paraphrasing to
separate them from the rest of your text.
• Graphics: centre your graphics, such as diagrams and tables, to
allow space around
• Language focus:
- Avoid too much direct quoting
- When citing a specific author’s findings, use past tense, found,
revealed
- When writing accepted fact, use present tense; finds reveals
- When citing several authors or making general statement use
present perfect tense; have shown, little research has been
done…
How to review literature!!
• Search for literature
• Sort and prioritize the retrieved literature
• Analytical reading
• Evaluative reading
• Comparison across studies
• Organizing the content
• Write the review
Comparison across studies
• Extract key points by comparing and contrasting across
studies
• Research objectives/ hypotheses used
• Research design and sampling
• Instruments and procedures used
• Types of data
• How data were analyzed
• Results and findings
• How results were interpreted!!!
Example : a piece literature review!
• Several authors on social and economic issues have canvassed a host of factors
responsible for the high and ever-rising levels of urban unemployment. They
have severally agreed that rural to urban migration of young and educated
people is at the very root of it (Okonjo, 1974; Adepoju,1986 ; Yotopoulos, 1991;
Sarr,2000; Onah,2001; Otaki, 2003). This is an aversion response to the
prevalent poor socio-economic conditions in rural areas. Most rural areas are
characterized by gross inadequacy and often total lack of basic social and
physical infrastructures, very low net returns to labour and capital, low life
expectancy and various poverty linked characteristics that tend to have deep-
rooted cultural underpinnings. (Okonjo,1974; Adepoju, 1986). Many research
reports have given indications that this trend is worsened by the shortage of
physical and financial productive assets and economic opportunities on one
hand, and lack of human capital development facilities in many rural settings.
Apart from rural to urban migration, several other factors responsible for high
urban unemployment have been identified. They include economic reform
programmes that result to closure of companies and public establishments and
staff retrenchment as well as poor job attitude among the youth (Manning and
Junankar, 1998)
Example 2
• Carnoy and Castells (2001) defined governance as a
network based system of guidelines, which ideally
functions through processes of exchange and
negotiation. As such, global value chain approach
analyses the role of leading firms in shaping globally
integrated production chains that incorporate a network
of sourcing firms and places focus on power relations
embedded in the chains (Loconto, 2010). Governance
as pointed out by Gerrefi et al. (2005) is influenced by
three key factors; complexity of transactions, ability to
codify transactions and the capability of the suppliers.
Plagiarism
• Using another writer’s words without proper
citation
• Using another writer’s ideas without proper
citation
• Citing a source but reproducing the exact word
without quotation marks
• Borrowing the structure of another author’s
Phrases/sentences without giving the source
Borrowing all or part of another student’s work
Conceptual Framework
• It is a researcher’s own position on the problem
and gives direction to the study
• It may be an adaptation of a model used in
previous study with modification to suit the
inquiry
• Researcher may show relationships of the
different constructs that he/she wants to
investigate!
CLASS SIZE

PERFORMANCE ATTENDANCE

TEACHING MATERIALS
APA style referencing
(American Psychological Association)
• Referencing acknowledge the sources that you
use to write your work
• In-text citations are used throughout your
writing to acknowledge the sources of your
information
• The full references for the citations are then
listed at the end of your work in the references
list
In-text citation
• If you use the name of the author (s) in your writing,
place the year of publication of the work in parentheses
after the author’s name: Pablo (2007) conducted a
research on…..
• If you refer to a work in the text of your proposal, place
the author’s last name and the year of publication of the
work in parentheses at the end of sentence: The
research conclusively proved a correlation between
the two variables (Pablo, 2007)
Referencing cont.
• If you have directly quote fewer than 40 words, enclose
the quotation by double quotation marks within the
text. The year of publication of the work along with the
page number (s) of the quote should be provided in
parentheses:
Pablo (2006) referred to this correlation as a
“statistically significant” (p.112) contributing…. Or
It was found that the correlation was a “statistically
significant” (Pablo, 2007)
Referencing cont.
• Separate sources, different authors:
….. and a number of studies have shown identical
results (Paula, 2011; Ruth, 2012)
• Two or more publications, same author:
It was found that……(Nyingwa, 2001,2005)
NOTE: all sources appearing in the reference list
must be ordered alphabetically by SURNAME
Double space reference list, with hanging indents!!
Italics is the preferred format for titles of books,
journals! Articles and chapter titles are not
italicized or put in quotation marks!
Examples
• Barbain, M.C. (2003). Brave new brain: Conquering
mental illness in the era of the genome. Oxford,
England: Oxford University Press
• Copstead, L., and Banasik, J. (2011). Pathophysiology (3rd
ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders
• Wheeler, D.P., and Braigan, M. (2008). Bringing it all
back home: Social work and the challenge of
returning veterans. Health and Social Work, 32, 297-
300. Retrieved from
http://www.naswpressonline.org
Proposal format
Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter Two: Literature
- Background of the study Review
- Statement of the - Introduction
problem - Theoretical review
- Objectives - Empirical review
- Research questions/ - Conceptual framework
hypotheses
- Justification/rationale
Chapter 3
• Introduction
• Research design
• Study area
• Study population
• Sample size and Sampling Techniques
• Data Types and Data Collection Methods
• Data analysis
Finally: References

You might also like