United Nations (UN), international organization established on October 24, 1945.

The United
Nations (UN) was the second multipurpose international organization established in the 20th
century that was worldwide in scope and membership. Its predecessor, the League of Nations,
was created by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 and disbanded in 1946. In year 1971, the United
nations replace the Republic of China (Taiwan) with the People’s Republic of China.
Headquartered in New York City, the UN also has regional offices in Geneva, Vienna,
and Nairobi. Its official languages are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish.
For a list of UN member countries and secretaries-general,
The Charter of the United Nations (also known as the UN Charter) is the
foundational treaty of the United Nations, an intergovernmental organization.[1] The UN's
Membership has grown from the original 51 Member States in 1945 to the current 193 Member
States. All UN Member States are members of the General Assembly. It establishes the purposes,
governing structure, and overall framework of the UN system, including its six principal organs:
the Secretariat, the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council,
the International Court of Justice, and the Trusteeship Council.
According to its Charter, the UN aims:

The UN Charter mandates the UN and its member states to maintain international peace and
security, uphold international law, achieve "higher standards of living" for their citizens, address
"economic, social, health, and related problems", and promote "universal respect for, and
observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as
to race, sex, language, or religion."[2][3] As a charter and constituent treaty, its rules and
obligations are binding on all members and supersede those of other treaties

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, were adopted by
the United Nations in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and
ensure that by 2030 all people enjoy peace and prosperity.

The 17 SDGs are integrated—they recognize that action in one area will affect outcomes in
others, and that development must balance social, economic and environmental sustainability.

Countries have committed to prioritize progress for those who're furthest behind. The SDGs are
designed to end poverty, hunger, AIDS, and discrimination against women and girls.

The creativity, knowhow, technology and financial resources from all of society is necessary to
achieve the SDGs in every context.

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 Principal organs

The United Nations has six principal organs: the General Assembly, the Security Council,
the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice,
and the Secretariat.
 General Assembly

The United Nations was established by the Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the
International Court of Justice.
The Charter was signed on 26 June 1945 by the representatives of 50 countries; Poland signed on
15 October 1945. There were 51 Founding Members in 1945. The founding members of the
United Nations are the countries that were invited to participate in the 1945 San Francisco
Conference at which the UN Charter and Statute of the ICJ was adopted. Participation was
determined by virtue of having signed or adhered to the Declaration by United Nations (1942) or
as approved at the Conference. https://research.un.org/en/unmembers/founders
There are six official languages of the UN. These are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and
Spanish. The correct interpretation and translation of these six languages, in both spoken and written
form, is very important to the work of the Organization, because this enables clear and concise
communication on issues of global importance.
https://www.un.org/en/our-work/official-languages

 Founding members of the United Nation.

The Founding of the UN in San Francisco

At the Quebec Conference in August 1943, Secretary of State Cordell Hull and British Foreign
Secretary Anthony Eden agreed to draft a declaration that included a call for “a general
international organization, based on the principle sovereign equality of all nations.” An agreed
declaration was issued after a Foreign Ministers Conference in Moscow in October 1943. When
President Franklin D. Roosevelt met with Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin in Tehran, Iran, in
November 1943, he proposed an international organization comprising an assembly of all
member states and a 10-member executive committee to discuss social and economic issues. The
United States, Great Britain, Soviet Union, and China would enforce peace as “the four
policemen.” Meanwhile Allied representatives founded a set of task-oriented organizations: the
Food and Agricultural Organization (May 1943), the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation
Administration (November 1943), the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
Organization (April 1944), the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank (July 1944),
and the International Civil Aviation Organization (November 1944).
When President Franklin D. Roosevelt met with Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin in Tehran, Iran,
in November 1943, he proposed an international organization comprising an assembly of all
member states and a 10-member executive committee to discuss social and economic issues that
formed United Nation.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill issue a
declaration, signed by representatives of 26 countries, called the “United Nations.”
The signatories of the declaration vowed to create an international postwar
peacekeeping organization.
Proposing the United Nations Concept
President Roosevelt recognized the inherent weaknesses of the League of Nations, but faced with
the reality of another world war, also saw the value of planning for the creation of an
international organization to maintain peace in the post-World War II era.
First Filipino representative of the United Nation was

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Permanent_Representative_of_the_Philippines_to_the_United_Nations

Trygve Halvdan Lie was born on 16 July 1896, in Oslo, Norway, the son of Martin and Hulda
Arnesen Lie. He was educated at Oslo University where he obtained a law degree in 1919. On 8
November 1921, he married Hjordis Joergensen. They had three children - Sissel, Guri and
Mette.
Mr. Lie led the Norwegian delegation to the United Nations Conference on International
Organization in San Francisco, April 1945, and was Chairman of Commission III for drafting the
Security Council provisions of the Charter. He was also Chairman of the Norwegian delegation
to the United Nations General Assembly in London in January 1946. On 1 February 1946, Mr.
Lie was elected the first Secretary-General of the United Nations. He was formally installed by
the General Assembly at its 22nd meeting on 2 February 1946. The General Assembly on 1
November 1950, continued Mr. Lie in office for a further three years from 1 February 1951. He
resigned as Secretary-General of the United Nations in November 1952.
 United Nations Postal Administration
Only the United Nations is permitted to issue postage stamps, even though it is an organization
and not a country or a territory. In 1951, an agreement was reached with the United States postal
authorities whereby the United Nations was permitted to issue stamps denominated in United
States dollars for use exclusively at United Nations Headquarters in New York. Similar
agreements were reached with the Swiss authorities in 1968 and with the Austrian authorities in
1979. Today the United Nations Postal Administration (UNPA) is the only postal authority that
issues stamps in three different currencies: U.S. dollars, Swiss francs and euros. The stamps may
be used for postage when used on mail sent from the United Nations offices in New York,
Geneva or Vienna

 The United Nations Secretariat carries out the day-to-day work of the UN as mandated by the
General Assembly and the Organization's other main organs. The Secretary-General is the head
of the Secretariat, which has tens of thousands of UN staff members working at duty stations all
over the world. UN staff members are recruited internationally and locally, and work in duty
stations and on peacekeeping missions. Serving the cause of peace in a violent world is a
dangerous occupation. Since the founding of the United Nations, hundreds of brave men and
women have given their lives in its service.

 The Biggest Contributors To UN Peacekeeping Missions

The United Nations marks the International Day of UN Peacekeepers every year on May 29 and
it serves as an occasion to pay tribute to the massive contribution both civilian and uniformed
personnel have made serving under the UN flag. More than 4,000 UN peacekeepers have died
since 1948 with 130 losing their lives last year alone. The threats they face remain greater than
ever, particularly given the rise of non-state actors like ISIS, Boko Haram and Al Shabaab. The
global Covid-19 pandemic has also further exacerbated the challenges faced by peacekeepers.

The first UN peacekeeping mission was established on 29 May 1948 when the Security Council
authorized the deployment of a small number of military observers to the newly created State of
Israel where a conflict with Arab states had just reached a ceasefire. Since then, more than 1
million men and women have served in 72 peacekeeping operations that saved countless lives.
Currently, 89,000 military, police and civilian personnel are deployed on 12 UN operations
around the globe today. The UN states that Bangladesh was the top contributing country as of
late March 2021 with 6,608 peacekeepers deployed on operations. Rwanda had the second
highest number of deployed personnel with 6,335 while Ethiopia was the third biggest
contributor with 6,245.

The security council is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. How many the
members do the security council have and how many permanent members they have. The
security council has 15 members and 5 of them are permanent members

 UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was born on
16 November 1945. UNESCO has 195 Members and 8 Associate Members and is governed by
the General Conference and the Executive Board. The Secretariat, headed by the Director-
General, implements the decisions of these two bodies. The Organization has more th 50 field
offices around the world and its headquarters are located in Paris.

UNESCO’s mission is to contribute to the building of a culture of peace, the eradication of

poverty, sustainable development and intercultural dialogue through education, the sciences,
culture, communication and information.

UNESCO works to create the conditions for dialogue among civilizations, cultures and peoples,
based upon respect for commonly shared values. It is through this dialogue that the world can
achieve global visions of sustainable development encompassing observance of human rights,
mutual respect and the alleviation of poverty, all of which are at the heart of UNESCO’s mission
and activities.

 UNESCO focuses on a set of objectives in the global priority areas “Africa” and
“Gender Equality”

And on a number of overarching objectives:

 Attaining quality education for all and lifelong learning

 Mobilizing science knowledge and policy for sustainable development
 Addressing emerging social and ethical challenges
 Fostering cultural diversity, intercultural dialogue and a culture of peace
 Building inclusive knowledge societies through information and communication
The United Nations flag was adopted on the 7th December 1946, following the US
Secretary of State's - Edward Stettinus, Jr. - suggestion that the symbol used for the 1945
United Nations Conference on International Organization in San Francisco, could become
the permanent symbol of the United Nations. The original design of the flag is that of Donal
McLaughlin.
Peacekeeping operations have had mandates ranging from traditional methods of resolving
disputes peacefully under Chapter VI, such as promoting reconciliation, assisting with the
implementation of a peace agreement, or performing mediation and good offices, and more
forceful action as authorized under Chapter VII which can authorize a range of measures
including the use of force under Article 42 of the Charter. Below is a list of all sixty-two
peacekeeping operations as well as three advance or observer missions established by the
Security Council, with a short description on the basis of the content of the Repertoire as
well as links to the sections covering them in the Repertoire. They are organized by region,
and then under relevant areas or subregions, placed chronologically starting with those
established most recently. Studies on the thematic agenda items relating to peacekeeping can
be found here. For general information on peacekeeping operations, please visit the
official Department of Peacekeeping website.
 Africa is the four world areas was the United Nations undertakings peacekeeping operations
in 2002.
UNICEF (or the United Nations Children Fund) was established on the 11th December
1946, initially providing health care and food rations to those countries that had been
ravaged by the Second World War. Today, UNICEF provides long-term humanitarian and
developmental aid to mothers and children in developing countries. The acronym UNICEF
stems from the original name of the organization - United Nations International Children's
Emergency Fund. Which organization's flag contains an adult holding aloft a baby in front
of a world of latitudinal and longitudinal rings, flanked by olive branches on a blue
background?
 UNICEF (United Nations Children Fund
Louise Fréchette was the first Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations. A national
of Canada, she assumed her duties on 2 March 1998, after having been appointed by
Secretary-General Kofi Annan. She remained at her post until 31 March 2006.
On 3 March 2006, Mark Malloch Brown was appointed as Deputy Secretary-General. He
assumed his new functions on 1 April following the departure of his predecessor Louise
Fréchette. He remained in his post until the end of December 2006.
Asha-Rose Migiro was the third Deputy Secretary-General to be appointed and took office
on 1 February 2007. She remained in her post until the end of June 2012.
Jan Eliasson was the fourth Deputy Secretary-General to be appointed and took office on 1
July 2012 until the end of December 2016
In 2007, one seat on the council being contested by Guatemala and Venezuela. They were
forced to withdraw and endorse a new country Panama
 The Security Council deals with keeping peace throughout the world, trying to settle
disputes peacefully, or using military measures if necessary. The Secretariat carries out
the day-to-day running of the UN. The Economic and Social Council coordinates the
work of the specialized agencies, like UNICEF
 The General Assembly institution of the UN is like a parliament of nations which meets
to consider the world's most pressing problems. United Nations Emergency force in
Palestine is the mission did UN troops not co-operate with at least one other regional
peacekeeping organization.
 In October 1956, the United Nations faced a major crisis. The 1949 General Armistice
Agreement between Egypt and Israel – concluded under the auspices of and supervised
by the United Nations – collapsed when Israel and two major Powers occupied large
portions of Egyptian territory. The Organization reacted to the crisis with speed and
firmness and, to overcome it, conceived a new form of peacekeeping and set up its first
peacekeeping force. This historic development was made possible mainly through the
 vision, resourcefulness and determination of Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld and
Mr. Lester Pearson, who was at the time Secretary for External Affairs of Canada.
 United Nations Charter
The UN Charter is the constitutive instrument of the United Nations, signed on 26 June
1945. It sets out the rights and obligations of Member States and establishes the principal
organs and procedures of the United Nations.
 Declaration of Human Rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone document in the history
of human rights, setting out for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally
protected. In the first judgement handed down by the International Court of Justice, The UK
won over Albania.
 The International Court of Justine consists of a panel of 15 judges elected by the UN
General Assembly and Security Council for nine-year terms.
Accordingly, UN peacekeepers (often referred to as Blue Berets or Blue Helmets because of
their light blue berets or helmets) can include soldiers, police officers, and civilian
personnel.
 The Flags Characteristics
 A white serpent wound around a wooden staff (the symbol of the ancient Greek god
Asclepius), in front of a map of the world, as seen from the North Pole, extending to 40
degrees South Latitude, and flanked by two olive branches, on a blue background is a
description of the flag of which UN organization-WHO (World Health Organization)
 Which organization's flag contains a white circle, representing the world, surrounded by
five messengers corresponding to the continents (Americas, Asia, Africa, Oceania and
Europe), on a blue background- UPU (Universal Postal Union)
 A flag containing a map of the world extending from the North Pole to 60 degrees South
Latitude, with five concentric white rings and surrounded by olive branches on a blue
background - this is the flag of which association-The United Nations
 Which organization's flag is being described - A Rutherford model image flanked by two
olive branches on a blue background-IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)
 A pair of linked anchors behind the world as seen from the North Pole to 40 degrees
South Latitude, with four white concentric rings, and flanked by two olive branches on a
blue background. This is the flag of which organization-International Maritime
Organization
 Which flag contains an interrupted gear wheel surrounding the initials of the
organization, flanked by two olive branches on a blue background-ILO (International
Labour Organization)
 A flag containing the world as seen from the North Pole to 40 degrees South Latitude,
with four white concentric rings, and flanked by two olive branches on a blue
background, adapted to contain a compass rose above, with the initials of the
organization. However, the initials of which organization does this flag contain-WMO
(World Meterological Organization)
 Which UN organization has a flag that contains a variation of the Athens' Parthenon
above and below the initials of the
organization upon a blue background-
UNESCO
 What is the theme of UN 2024 year?

The UN has designated 2024 as the International Year of Camelids. Camels, llamas, alpacas,
vicuñas and guanacos are an important source of livelihood for millions of families - most of
them pastoralists - in dryland and mountainous rangeland ecosystems around the world.

The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War
by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly
relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights.

 History

As the Second World War raged, the leaders of the United Kingdom, China, the United States
and the Soviet Union, under intense pressure from the press and public, discussed the details of a
post-war organization. In 1944 representatives meeting at Dumbarton Oaks in Washington, DC,
prepared a blueprint for an international organization. Towards the end of the war representatives
of 50 countries gathered in San Francisco between April and June 1945 to hammer out the final
text that would lay the foundations of international cooperation. This was the Charter of the
United Nations, signed on 26 June by 50 countries. Poland, the 51st country, was not able to
send a representative to the San Francisco conference but is considered an original member.

 Purposes of the United Nations

Due to its unique international character, and the powers vested in its founding Charter, the
Organization can take action on a wide range of issues, and provide a forum for its Member
States to express their views.

The UN has 4 main purposes

 To keep peace throughout the world;

 To develop friendly relations among nations;
 To help nations work together to improve the lives of poor people, to conquer hunger,
disease and illiteracy, and to encourage respect for each other's rights and freedoms;
 To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations to achieve these goals.

 Structure and Organization of the United Nations

The Charter established six principal organs of the United Nations: the General Assembly, the
Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International
Court of Justice, and the Secretariat. The United Nations family, however, is much larger,
encompassing 15 agencies and several programmes and bodies.

 General Assembly

The General Assembly is the main deliberative organ of the UN and is composed of
representatives of all Member States. The work of the United Nations year-round derives largely
from the mandates given by the General Assembly. Comprising all Member States of the United
Nations, it provides a unique forum for multilateral discussion of the full spectrum of
international issues covered by the Charter. The Assembly meets in regular session intensively
from September to December each year, and thereafter as required. Decisions on important
questions, such as those on peace and security, admission of new members and budgetary
matters, require a two-thirds majority. Decisions on other questions are by simple majority. Each
country has one vote.
 Security Council

The Security Council has primary responsibility, under the UN Charter, for the maintenance of
international peace and security. The Council is composed of five permanent members - China,
France, Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States - and ten non-permanent
members. The non-permanent members are elected by the General Assembly for two-year terms.
Each Council member has one vote. Decisions on procedural matters are made by an affirmative
vote of at least nine of the 15 members. Decisions on substantive matters require nine votes,
including the concurring votes of all five permanent members. This rule is often referred to as
the "veto" power. A reform of the Security Council, including its membership, is under
consideration.

 Economic and Social Council

The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) is the principal organ to coordinate the economic,
social and related work of the United Nations and the specialized agencies and institutions.
Voting in the Council is by simple majority; each member has one vote.

 International Court of Justice

The International Court of Justice, located at the Hague in the Netherlands, is the principal
judicial organ of the United Nations. It settles legal disputes between States and gives advisory
opinions to the UN and its specialized agencies. Its Statute is an integral part of the United
Nations Charter.

 Trusteeship Council

The Trusteeship Council was established in 1945 by the UN Charter to provide international
supervision for 11 Trust Territories placed under the administration of 7 Member States, and
ensure that adequate steps were taken to prepare the Territories for self-government and
independence. By 1994, all Trust Territories had attained self-government or independence. Its
work completed, the Council has amended its rules of procedure to meet as and where occasion
may require.
 Secretariat

The Secretariat - an international staff working in duty

stations around the world - carries out the diverse day-to-day
work of the Organization. It services the other principal
organs of the United Nations and administers the
programmes and policies laid down by them.

At its head is the Secretary-General, who is appointed by the

General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security
Council for a five-year, renewable term. The Secretary-
General is a symbol of United Nations ideals and a
spokesman for the interests of the world's peoples, in
particular the poor and vulnerable among them. The current
Secretary-General, and the eighth occupant of the post, is
Mr. Ban Ki-moon of the Republic of Korea, who took office on 1 January 2007.

The duties carried out by the Secretariat are as varied as the problems dealt with by the United
Nations. These range from administering peacekeeping operations to mediating international
disputes, from surveying economic and social trends and problems to preparing studies on
human rights and sustainable development. Secretariat staff also inform the world's
communications media about the work of the United Nations; organize international conferences
on issues of worldwide concern; and interpret speeches and translate documents into the
Organization's official languages.

As international civil servants, staff members and the Secretary-General answer to the United
Nations alone for their activities, and take an oath not to seek or receive instructions from any
Government or outside authority. Under the Charter, each Member State undertakes to respect
the exclusively international character of the responsibilities of the Secretary-General and the
staff and to refrain from seeking to influence them improperly in the discharge of their duties.

The United Nations, while headquartered in New York, maintains a significant presence in Addis
Ababa, Bangkok, Beirut, Geneva, Nairobi, Santiago and Vienna, and has offices all over the
world.

Member States of the United Nations

Currently, the United Nations has 193 Member States: List of Member States of the United
Nations

How does a country become a Member of the United Nations?

Membership in the United Nations, in accordance with the Charter, "is open to all peace-loving
States that accept the obligations contained in the United Nations Charter and, in the judgment of
the Organization, are able to carry out these obligations". The recognition of a new State or
Government is an act that only other States and Governments may grant or withhold. It generally
implies readiness to assume diplomatic relations. The United Nations is neither a State nor a
Government, and therefore does not possess any authority to recognize either a State or a
Government. As an organization of independent States, it may admit a new State to its
membership or accept the credentials of the representatives of a new Government.

States are admitted to membership in the United Nations by decision of the General Assembly
upon the recommendation of the Security Council. The procedure is briefly as follows:

1. The State submits an application to the Secretary-General and a letter formally stating
that it accepts the obligations under the Charter.
2. The Security Council considers the application. Any recommendation for admission must
receive the affirmative votes of 9 of the 15 members of the Council, provided that none
of its five permanent members have voted against the application.
3. If the Council recommends admission, the recommendation is presented to the General
Assembly for consideration. A two-thirds majority vote is necessary in the Assembly for
admission of a new State.
4. Membership becomes effective the date the resolution for admission is adopted.

The work of the United Nations today

The work of the United Nations reaches every

corner of the globe. Although best known for
peacekeeping, peacebuilding, conflict prevention
and humanitarian assistance, there are many other
ways the United Nations and its System (specialized agencies, funds and programmes) affect our
lives and make the world a better place. The Organization works on a broad range of
fundamental issues, from sustainable development, environment and refugees protection, disaster
relief, counter terrorism, disarmament and non-proliferation, to promoting democracy, human
rights, gender equality and the advancement of women, governance, economic and social
development and international health, clearing landmines, expanding food production, and more,
in order to achieve its goals and coordinate efforts for a safer world for this and future
generations.

 World Health Organization (WHO)

WHO's emblem was chosen by the First World Health Assembly in 1948. The emblem
consists of the United Nations symbol surmounted by a staff with a snake coiling round it.

The staff with the snake has long been a symbol of medicine and the medical profession. It
originates from the story of Asclepius, who was revered by the ancient Greeks as a god of
healing and whose cult involved the use of snakes. Asclepius, incidentally, was so successful at
saving lives that, the legend goes, Hades the god of the underworld complained about him to the
supreme god Zeus who, fearing that the healer might make humans immortal, killed Asclepius
with a thunderbolt. The flag of the World Health Organization shall be the official emblem of the
World Health Organization, centred on a United Nations blue back- ground. Such emblem shall
appear in white, with the Aesculapian staff and serpent in gold, on both sides of the flag except
where otherwise prescribed by regulation.

What is this?
 Unicef
United Nations

Member State
 Palestine

Five permanent members: China, France, Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the
United States, and ten non-permanent members elected for two-year terms by the General
Assembly (with end of term year):

 Algeria (2025)
 Ecuador (2024)
 Guyana (2025)
 Japan (2024)
 Malta (2024)
 Mozambique (2024)
 Republic of Korea (2025)
 Sierra Leone (2025)
 Slovenia (2025)
 Switzerland (2024)

Non-Council Member States

More than 50 United Nations Member States have never been Members of the Security Council.

A State which is a Member of the United Nations but not of the Security Council may
participate, without a vote, in its discussions when the Council considers that country's interests
are affected. Both Members and non-members of the United Nations, if they are parties to a
dispute being considered by the Council, may be invited to take part, without a vote, in the
Council's discussions; the Council sets the conditions for participation by a non-member State.