iCLASS2018 - Revised BoA

iClass 2018
International Conference on
LIBERAL ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
RETHINKING ‘PROGRESS’ IN GLOBAL SOUTH:
CONTINUITY AND CONTESTATIONS
iClass 2018
International Conference on
LIBERAL ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
RETHINKING ‘PROGRESS’ IN GLOBAL SOUTH:
CONTINUITY AND CONTESTATIONS
April 17–18, 2018
ORGANISERS
PATRON
Mr. Nipun Goenka
MD, G.D. Goenka Group
CO-PATRON
Prof. (Dr.) Shrihari
Vice Chancellor, G.D. Goenka University
CONFERENCE CHAIR
Dr. Tithi Bhatnagar
Assistant Dean, School of Humanities and Social Science,
G.D. Goenka University
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Disclaimer: The authors are solely responsible for the contents of the abstracts
compiled in this souvenir. The publishers or organizers of the International Conference
‘iClass 2018’ do not take any responsibility for the same in any manner.
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Dr. Amrita Datta

Dr. Arani Basu
Dr. Sakshi Kaul
Dr. Shivam Prakash
Ms. Pratima Gulia
Ms. Priya Vij
Dr. Parul Mishra
Dr. Richa Srishti
Dr. Richa Singh
Dr. Pulkit Khanna
Dr. Rimple Manchanda
Dr. Suparna Pal
Ms. Minakshi Biswas
Ms. Sagarika Goswami
ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Dr. Matthew Frank Barney

CEO & Founder, LeaderAmp
Prof. (Dr.) Joeseph M. Sirgy
Virginia Tech Real Estate Professor of
Marketing Pamplin College of Management,
Virginia Institute of Technology Virginia, USA
Dr. Tamer Soyler
Assistant Professor, Institute for Asian and African Studies,
Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
Dr. Dev N. Pathak
Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology,
South Asian University, New Delhi
Prof. (Dr.) Anand Kumar
Professor (Retired), Centre for the Study of Social Systems,
Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
Dr. Yogesh K. Sharma
Associate Professor,
Swami Shraddhanand College, Delhi University
Dr. Shrikant Manchiraju
Assistant Professor, Florida State University, USA
Dr. Prem Vashishtha
Senior Consultant, NCAER
Dr. Alena Slezackova
Associate Prof. & Head – Academic Centre for Positive Psychology,
Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
Dr. Agata Gasiorowska
SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities,
Wroclaw, Poland
Prof. (Dr.) Frank Welz
Faculty of Social and Political Sciences Department of Sociology,
Innsbruck University
PANELIST
Dr. Arindam Banerjee

Dr. Arindam Banerjee is an Associate Professor
of Economics at Ambedkar University, Delhi. Dr.
Banerjee did his MA and Ph.D., Economics from
the Centre for Economic Studies and Planning,
Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. His
doctoral thesis looked at causes behind the on-
going agrarian crisis in India and its impact of
the agrarian relations in the country. He has been the recipient of
the Junior Research fellowship from the Foundation of Agrarian
Studies between 2004 and 2006. His areas of interest are Food and
Agricultural Economics, Political Economy, Economic Thought,
Sustainable Development, Poverty and Nutrition.
Prof. (Dr.) GJV Prasad

GJV Prasad is Professor of English at Jawaharlal
Nehru University, New Delhi. His research
interests are Anglophone writing; theatre
and postcolonial readings of performance;
contemporary British Theatre; Indian English
Literature, spanning all genres; Indian Literatures;
Translation Theory; questions of representation
and identity construction. Prasad is also a poet and novelist. His
academic publications include Continuities in Indian English Poetry:
nation language form (Pencraft International, 1999), Writing India
Writing English: Literature Language Location (Routledge) and four
edited volumes, Vikram Seth: An Anthology of Recent Criticism
(Pencraft International, 2004), The Lost Temper: Essays on Look
Back in Anger (Macmillan India, 2004), Translation and Culture:
Indian Perspectives (Pencraft International, 2010), and Indian English
and Vernacular India (co-edited, Pearson India, 2010). He edited the
Penguin (now Longman) Study Edition of Samuel Beckett’s Waiting
for Godot (2004) and John Osborne’s Look Back in Anger (2005).
Prasad is the current editor of JSL, and Chairperson of the Indian
Association for Commonwealth Literature and Language Studies
(IACLALS).
x Panelist
Rita Manchanda
Rita Manchanda is an established writer, scholar-
researcher, and human rights activist specializing
in conflict and peace-building in South Asia with
particular attention to vulnerable and marginalized
groups, that is, women, minorities, indigenous
peoples, and forcibly displaced persons. She is
also among the founding members of Pakistan
India Forum for Peace and Democracy; has served
as Gender Advisor to the Sri Lankan Government
(2005-2006), and serves on the board of several prestigious
organizations and journals including the International Journal of
Transitional Justice. Her publications include ‘Women, War and
Peace in South Asia: Beyond Victimhood to Agency’; ‘No Nonsense
Guide to Minority Rights in South Asia’.
Prof. (Dr.) Nimit Chowdhary

Prof. (Dr.) Nimit Chowdhary is a BE (Mech.), MBA, and a Ph.D.
At present he is the Head of the Department of Tourism, Hotel,
Hospitality and Heritage Studies, at Jamia Millia Islamia. He has more
than 24 years of teaching and research experience with institutions like
Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer; Indian Institute of
Tourism & Travel Management (an organisation
of Ministry of Tourism, Govermnment of India);
Mizoram University; Instituto Tecnológico y de
Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Mexico and
Shaoxing University, China. He has also taught
as a visiting faculty at University of Girona,
Spain; University of Gotland, Sweden; Global
Entrepreneurship Acad., Slovenia; Indian Institute
of Management, Indore; ABV-India Institute of
Information Technology and Management, Gwalior; Indian Institute
of Quality Management, Jaipur; Entrepreneurship Development
Institute of India, Ahmadabad and many more. He is a recipient of
AICTE Career Award for Young Teachers; SIDA Fellowship, Sweden;
Guest Scholarship, Sweden; Linnaeus Palme Exchange Programme
Grants, Sweden; PIMG Research Excellence Award, Gwalior;
Scholars’ Grant (EMTM), Erasmus Mundus, Europe among others.
Panelist xi
He is a referred researcher in the field of tour leadership and has

published on the subject in many international journals. He has
supervised 15 doctoral level researches, authored eight books and
more than 115 papers. He has trained over 2500 guides and tour
leaders. He has designed several training programs to be rolled out
all over India.
Prof. (Dr.) Azizuddin Khan (IIT Bombay, Psychology)

Prof. (Dr.) Azizuddin Khan pursued his Bachelors
and Masters from Aligarh Muslim University
Aligarh. His Major is in Clinical Psychology. He
is a PhD. in Psychology from Indian Institute of
Technology, Kanpur. He is presently working
as an Associate Professor at Indian Institute of
Technology, Bombay. He has been engaged as an
adjunct faculty, Aligarh Muslim University and as
a Promoeteo (Professor) at Department of Psychology, University of
Cuenca, Ecuador. He has been a visiting faculty at various universities
like the Department of Psychology, University of Jyvskyla, Finland.
His research interests include Developmental Neuropsychology,
Education and Child Development, Eyewitness Testimony, Cognitive
Ergonomics, EEG / Event Related Potential, Working Memory and
Prospective Memory and Developmental Dyslexia.
Prof. (Dr.) V. Sujatha

Prof. (Dr.) Sujatha is a Ph.D in Sociology. She is
currently working as a Professor, Centre for the
Study of Social Systems (CSSS), Jawaharlal Nehru
University, New Delhi. She is a Member of the
Academic Council, Madras Institute of Development
Studies, Chennai since 2015. She is a Special Invitee,
Inter Academy Panel on ‘Women in science,’ of the
National Academy of Sciences India (NASI) from 2015. Her area
of specialization include Sociology of knowledge and Sociology of
health & medicine. She has worked as a Lead Collaborator with
many prestigious projects India and Abroad. She has been a Visiting
xii Panelist
Professor with many leading Universities such as Pompeu Fabra,

Barcelona, Spain, at FLACSO Argentina, at International Institute of
Asian Studies, Leiden, and at the Institute for Soziologie, University
of Freiburg, Freiburg Germany, among others.
Keynote Speaker – Dr. Mathew Frank Barney

Dr. Mathew Frank Barney, is the Founder and CEO
of LeaderAmp, an award-winning high touch, high
tech platform that scales expert and artificially
intelligent coaching and assessment. He has held
senior and innovative leadership roles for over
20 years at multinationals such as Infosys, where
he led an evidence-based, coaching-centric model
for global leader development. In prior roles with
AT&T, Motorola, Sutter Health and Infosys he
authored six books, and was awarded five technology patents. He
currently has three additional AI assessment and coaching-related
patents pending. In 2018, LeaderAmp won the Association of Test
Publishers Judges Success Award, and also the Society for Industrial-
Organizational Psychology’s Bray-Howard Research Grant. He has
been on the Business Affairs Committee of the Board of not-for-
profit Scientific Publisher Annual Reviews since 2014. He holds a
B.S. in Psychology from the University of Wisconsin-Madison; and
an M.A. and Ph.D. in Industrial-Organizational Psychology from the
University of Tulsa.
CONTENTS
Organizing Committee v
Advisory Committee vii
Panelist ix
Message from the Vice Chancellor xix
Message from the Dean xx
School of Humanities and Social Science xxi
iClass 2018 xxiii
TRACK 1: ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES
1. Urbanization and Migration: Achieving Millennium
Development Goals 3
Dr. Sunil Kumar
2. Need Assessment of Green GDP for the Himalayan State
of Uttarakhand: A Case Study of Rudraprayag District 4
Akansha Rawat
3. Gender Wage Gap in Developing Nations 5
Aashi Yadav and Dr Rimple Manchanda
4. Examining the Trade Prospects between India and ASEAN:
Unlocking the Potential of North-East Region 5
Ashish Gupta
5. Rise of the Global South: An Analysis of South-South
Development Cooperation in India 6
Meghna Chowdhary
6. Economic Development and Environment Degradation
in North India: A Case Study of Uttarakhand 7
Dr. P.D. Singh and Dr. Ajay Kumar Salgotra
7. Taming Inequalities in India: The idea of Corporate Social
Responsibility 8
Mrittika Nandy
8. Farm Size and Cost of Cultivation: Access to Inputs,
Credit and Information 9
Dr. Upasna Sharma
9. A Study of Effect of Corruption on Economy’s Well-Being 10
Mahi Balusu and Dr. Rimple Manchanda
10. Nature, Extent and Dimensions of Rural Indebtedness in
India with Special Reference to Odisha 11
T. Triveni
xiv Contents
11. Role of Agricultural Production System in Green Economy:

Evidences from Cost of Cultivation Data of Bihar 12
Nasim Ahmad, D.K. Sinha, K.M. Singh and Dr. Rajendra Prasad
12. Positive Effect of Brand Communication through
Facebook on Consumer Behavior 13
Ms. Priya Handa
13. A Study on the Impact of 7th Central Pay Commission
on 11 Million – Indian Central Government Employees 14
Amit Shiv Narayan Bhattacharjee
TRACK 2: LITERATURE AND GLOBAL SOUTH

14. Ideas of Resistance in the Politics of Translation 17
Ashish Sharma
15. Moving Out, But not Moving Away: Trouble of Carrying
the South Asian Identity Beyond Borders 17
Jitamanyu Das
16. Linguistic Diversity in Partition Writing in Indian
Subcontinent 18
Amar Pratap Singh
17. An Insight of the World of Indian Women through
Literature 19
Phalak Malik
18. The Robin Hood Resistance: An Analysis of Social
Bandits of Bengal 20
Dr. Avishek Deb
19. Framing Identity, Nation and Border Crossings 21
Dr. Nishat Haider
20. Dichotomy of the Imagined and Real and Cinema as a
Site of Contestation and Negotiation for Unwed Mothers 22
Dr. Sumati
21. Confessional Poetry of Kamala Das: A Tool for
Resistance and Reconstruction 23
Biju K T K
22. Marginalization of Indian English Drama 24
Dr Parul Yadav
23. Study of Struggle against the Colonial Power in India
with Special Reference to ‘Under The Banyan Tree’ and
‘The Blind Dog’ 25
Parul Rathore
Contents xv
24. An Exploration of Male Narratives of Diaspora 25

Annapurna Venkatesh
TRACK 3: POLITICS OF THE GLOBAL SOUTH

25. The Ultimate Price of Poverty: How Income Levels
Affect the Scope of Justice 29
Apala Vatsa
26. Corruption in Local Governance: Nature and Role of
State, and Anti-Corruption Policy 30
Dr. Arpita Mathur
27. Assessment of Civil Society in China and India: A
Comparative Study (2000-2017) 31
Chandan Panigrahi and Avishek Mohanty
28. Climate Change in Rural Malawi: Experiences on
Adaptive Coping Strategies and Managing Risks at
Community and Household Levels 32
George Phiri and Anand Babu Prakasam
29. Exploring the Influence of Conflict in Communities on
Progress: A Historical Perspective 34
Kartika Saharan
30. Poverty, Inequality and Social Exclusion: Nat Community
in Bihar 35
Md Moshabbir Alam
31. Coal versus Renewables in India: Analysing the
Ascending and the Entrenched in Energy Transition 36
Oliver Nelson Gonsalves
32. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for
efficient Irrigation Management of Wheat Crop in Haryana 37
Priya Chetri, Upasna Sharma and Vigneswara Ilavarasan
TRACK 4: PROGRESSIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL PRACTICES

33. A Correlational and Comparative Study between Life
Orientation and Well-Being amongst Males and Females 41
Raskirat Kaur
34. Pampering the Self: Agencies and Practices of Self-Care in
Neoliberal India 41
Isha Jha
35. Consequences of Inadequate Sexual Awareness on
Child’s Development 42
Shweta Goenka
xvi Contents
36. Emerging Trends in Educational Psychology in Indian

Perspective 43
Susmita Mondal
37. Designing and Implementing a Music Intervention for
Primary School Students: A Pilot Study 44
Prakriti Nanda
38. Achievement Motivation among Entrance Exam
Aspirants and Non Aspirants 45
Dr Shipra Lavania
39. Comparative study of Self-Concept among Early and
Later Adolescent Males and Females 46
Dr. A.R. Lohia and Jyotsana Meghwal
40. Depression and Loneliness among the Elderly: A Study
of Old Age Homes in Dehradun 47
Kanchan Sethi
41. Predictors of Procrastination: A Critical Review of the
Cognitive Factors 47
Rohini Singal
42. A Comparative Study of Emotional Intelligence amongst
Males and Females of Various Sports Domains 49
Hempreet Kaur
43. Soaking in Theatre, Knowing, Expressing and Repairing 49
Dr. Sarita Mathur
44. The Perceived Parental Moral Socialization Scale for
Youth: A Validation Study 50
Soorya Sunil
TRACK 5: SOCIAL SYSTEMS

45. Assamese Nationalism, Identity and the Role of
Globalisation: A Sociological Analysis 55
Jeuty Thakur
46. Dilemmas within the Discourse of Ethics 56
Dr. Bhaskarjit Neog
47. Tea Plantation Labour: A Socio-Historical Profile of
Mappila Muslims in North Wayanad, Kerala 57
Najeeb V R
48. ‘Gender Perspective’ in Pre-natal Sex Selection in India 58
Dr. Manasi Mishra
Contents xvii
49. Rethinking Progress in Global South: Continuity

and Contestations – Discourse of Social Sciences
and Humanities 59
Ahana Bhavya
50. Reassessing Progress: A Study of Tripurari Sharma’s
Aadha Chand in the context of Globalization and
Displaced Identities 60
Bhawna Singh
51. Disability and Intersectionality: A Sociological Analysis 61
Bijaya Kumar Sahoo
52. Patterns in Urbanization and Globalization
in Uttrakhand 61
Charu Gupta, Chhavi Tayal and Dr. Anugrah Rohini
53. Narrative of Progress in Democracy: Analysing Civics
Textbooks 62
Garima Rath
54. Eurocentricism and the Global South: Postcolonial
Perspective 63
Aastha Bhardwaj
55. The Blue Whale Challenge and Durkheimian Suicide
Perspective: In 21st Century Indian Scenario 64
Satish Kumar Shukla and Dr. Anirban Mukherjee
56. Making Sense of Opinion Culture in Television News
Media 65
Sudeshna Devi
57. The Construction of Knowledge From The South:
The ‘Sumak Kawsay’ as a Model of Development for
the World 66
Int. Juan Fernando Larco Guevara (Ecuadorian)
58. Legitimisation of Racism in Popular Culture: A Case
Study of Bollywood Songs 67
Ekta Sehrawat and Kumar Gandharv
59. Intersections of History and Identity: A Study of Non-Sikh
Religious Organization in Punjab 68
Gitanjali Atri
TRACK 6: TRENDS IN TRAVEL AND TOURISM

60. An Econometric Approach to Spillover Effects in Tourism
Demand: with Special Reference to the Sikkim State of India 71
Dr. Akhilesh Kumar Singh
xviii Contents
61. Assessing the Dynamic Economic Impact of Tourism for

Mountain Tourism through Solow-growth Model and
GMM (Generalized Methods of Moments) 71
Dr. Danish Masoud
62. Role of Virtual Media in Tourism Development with
Special Reference to India: Impact and Growth 72
Abhishek Kumar Maurya
63. Tourism Entrepreneurship Factor in Community-Based
Tourism Development in the Garhwal Region of
Uttarakhand: A Regression Analysis 73
Rakesh Kumar Dhodi and Rashmi Dhodi
64. Infrastructural Development of Bhilangana Valley with
Reference to Tourism Resource Interpretation 74
Mr. Vaibhav Bhatt, Dr. Rashmi Dhodi and Dr. Shivam
65. Rethinking the Potentiality of Heritage Tourism in India:
An Analysis of Thematic Tourism Circuits and
Pilgrimage Sites 75
Dr. Chandni Sengupta
MESSAGE FROM THE VICE CHANCELLOR
Progress, rather continuous progress is the

compulsion for mankind and the concept of
‘Progress’ can be different from different lenses.
In spite of the world coming a long way, there is a
widening gap between the North and South. This
is perhaps, the right time to revisit the concept
of Progress in the Global South, a critical part of
Planet Earth. The changing dynamics within and between societies
is building a new narrative, driven by the diversity of perspectives.
The interplay of adversities, resources, and opportunities vis-à-vis the
effective human deliberations is an important discourse that needs to
take place.
Universities are the most fertile beds for critical thinking and
deliberations among students and teachers and academic conferences
are the forum for putting views for public scrutiny. I would like to
congratulate the School of Humanities and Social Science, G.D.
Goenka University for organizing this Inaugural International
Conference on Liberal Arts and Social Sciences (iClass 2018) during
April 16-18, 2018 at the University Campus. I am certain that this
Conference will provide an excellent platform for intellectually
stimulating and academically enriching dialogue towards a holistic
understanding of different perspectives of significant concepts and
developing solution based insights. This is the occasion for networking
with best in profession, share and learn diverse thinking, build a
professional pride amongst students, and of course an opportunity to
learn organizational and team working skills.
I welcome all the participants and presenters in the conference.
My best wishes to all Students, Faculty Members, Academic and
Support Staff, and to all who have been relentlessly working towards
organizing this Conference. I wish the Conference a grand success
and that it sets the stage for further events in the coming days.
Prof. (Dr.) Shrihari

Vice Chancellor, G.D. Goenka University
MESSAGE FROM THE DEAN
The concept of ‘Progress’ is very dynamic and at the

same time interesting. It has different connotations
when understood through different lenses. It is
important to dialogue around the term in order to
understand it in totality. Revisiting the concept in
the Global South is not only important but also very
relevant. The social structures are undergoing a rapid transformation,
random changes in Societies can be chaotic. It is critical that Nations
understand the notion of Progress in their respective contexts by
understanding their cultural and social fabric, and contesting for an
all-inclusive development of every single unit of their existence.
In the words of Madame De Stael, ‘Scientific progress makes
moral progress a necessity; for if man's power is increased, the checks
that restrain him from abusing it must be strengthened’. The concept
of Progress thus needs to be discussed from every dimension – from
development to sustainability; from Liberal Arts, Humanities, Social
Sciences to how Natural and Applied Sciences can explain it and
contribute towards it. The Inaugural Conference with its six tracks
from different disciplines of knowledge is an attempt to work out a
narrative for the discourse on Progress in the Global South.
I extend my felicitations to all members of the School of Humanities
and Social Science for organizing this International Conference. I hope
that this Conference will serve as the basis of holding an intellectual
discourse among Academicians and Practitioners alike on topics of
mutual interest and relevance. I sincerely hope and wish that the
Delegates of this Conference will have a wonderful time engaging in
dialogue and learning from each other, and that they will return back
with an enriching academic experience, more engaged than before.
I sincerely appreciate the immense and indefatigable efforts in
the planning and execution of organizing this Conference by the
Conference Organizers.
My best wishes for the success of the entire endeavour.
Dr. Tithi Bhatnagar

Conference Program Chair &Asst. Dean, School of
Humanities and Social Science, G.D. Goenka University
SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND
SOCIAL SCIENCE
VISION
School of Humanities and Social Science aims to be an internationally
recognized school of higher education promoting excellence in
teaching, research and innovation by creating a culture of inter-
disciplinary and enquiry based learning; honing students’ intellectual
and human abilities that prepares them for contributing towards the
greater community and leading an enriched life.
MISSION
• To create competent & ethical professionals committed to the
discipline and its application to the outside world
• To prepare students to become licensed professionals and
practitioners
• To promote inter-disciplinary and collaborative learning
• To provide a dynamic learning environment and promote diversity
of ideas
• To contribute to the development of the field
• To enrich and contribute to the greater community
PROGRAMS OFFERED
Bachelors Programs: 3 Year Regular Course
• Bachelors of (Honors) Psychology
• Bachelors of (Honors) Economics
• Bachelors of (Honors) Political Science
• Bachelors of (Honors) Sociology
• Bachelors of (Honors) English
• Bachelors of (Honors) Travel and Tourism
Masters Programs: 2 Year Regular Course
• Masters in Counselling Psychology
• Masters in Economics
• Masters in English
xxii School of Humanities and Social Science
MOU WITH UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM

The School of Humanities & Social Science, GDGU has signed
a MoU with University of Nottingham, UK to offer study abroad
option to its MA – Counselling/School Psychology students. UoN
is ranked among the world’s top 70 universities by the QS World
University rankings. It is a leading international institution carrying
out world-class research and has been ranked 8th in the UK according
to Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2014. More than 97%
of the research at the university is recognized internationally with
wide ranging impacts on Society, Economy, Health Welfare, Culture,
Public Policy and Environment.
Under this exclusive academic collaboration, the GDGU students
would get an opportunity to study at University of Nottingham, UK
campus for either a semester or one full year. Such students will be
studying Masters level modules such as Cognitive Psychology, Clinical
Psychology, Clinical Neuropsychology, Developmental Dyslexia,
Educational Psychology, Functional Imaging methods, Analytical
Research methods, Forensic and Mental Health, among others.
These modules are highly rated in the UK. They would also have an
opportunity to choose from modules such as Altruism, Psychotherapy
and Social Neuroscience Research. Each selected student will also get
a scholarship of 2000 Pounds.
UNIQUE FEATURES
• Doctoral Faculty from premier educational institutions form
India and Abroad
• Wi-Fi equipped classrooms and Labs with latest assessments and
equipment
• Inter-disciplinary teaching, research and practical oriented
education
• Engagement with community and extension services
iCLASS 2018
The term ‘Progress’ is imbued with plethora of possibilities. ‘Progress’

could have different implications for different cultures and societies.
While the term was introduced in Social Science in early 19th century
by August Comte and immediately afterwards by his successor Herbert
Spencer, ‘Progress’ came under the scanner especially within the
context of its inner crisis in the discourse of English studies as George
Orwell discussed the fallacy of it through the coinage of dystopia
in his much talked-about ‘1984’. However, and quite interestingly
so, both Comte and Spencer assert that social progress or evolution
is coupled with improvement in the social, economic and political
situation of individuals or collectives over time, in that light, progress
is affirmative. As an affirmation, ‘Progress’ paves the way for social
inclusion. Herein emerges the challenge within ‘Progress’ as inclusion,
by definition, is not absolute; concomitantly, ‘progress’ is not holistic
either, in an Orwellian sense of the term. As espoused by Spencer and
Comte, ‘Progress’ is linked to evolution, i.e. social improvement. But
social evolution faces the challenge of social inclusion that ensures
improvement in life conditions for some to the exclusion of certain
others. This differential implication of social progress is manifested
critically in both the discourses of Social science and Humanities
including Political Science, Economics, Sociology, Psychology, English
and Travel and Tourism.
Challenges of absolutizing the idea of ‘Progress’ are best illustrated
in the growing concerns of societies of the Global South. Societies
in the Global South are fraught with the imperatives of improving
life conditions of what essentially constitutes as synthetic progress
manifested in viral architectural expansion of cityscapes. However,
such improvements or evolution may not essentially bring forth social
development that would fundamentally enhance the quality of life for
majority of the people dwelling a demarcated space. Moreover, Global
South is caught in the limbo of continuity and contestations especially
due to the processes of rapid and unplanned urbanization, in and
out migration, neoliberalism, social movements, media propaganda,
xxiv iClass 2018
identity politics, religious conflicts, ethnic uprisings, inequality,

violence and political instability. To respond to these challenges,
there has been a growing effort at re-imagining the question, scope
and implications of ‘Progress’ in the post-colonial theories and post-
colonial literature. This conference attempts at bringing the array of
emerging thoughts building around the idea of ‘Progress’ in the Global
South together. It will help trigger our imagination into situating the
idea of ‘Progress’ not just within the binary of Spencer’s evolution
and Orwell’s dystopia, also the effort is to initiate dialogues on the
range of possibilities for ‘Progress’ in between the two.
Within this context, we invite abstracts of papers for six tracks
with factions mentioned below. The factions are expected to help
the submitters to narrow the focus of the papers. Research scholars,
academics, independent researchers and industry experts are invited
to submit their abstracts in the format below. Abstracts selected
for presentation will be published in book format with ISBN. Post
conference, selected full papers will be considered for publication in
internationally reputed journal with ISSN.
Track 1: Economic Perspectives

• Green Economics
• Economic Well-Being
• Global Patterns of Urbanization and Migration
• Economic Recovery and Transportation
• Economic Development and Public Policy
Track 2: Literature and Global South

• South-Asian Literature: Resistance and Reconstruction
• Cultural Studies: Approaches to Indian Writing in English
• Socio-Cultural Communication and Diasporic Identities
• Art of Contestation in Science, Fiction and Film Studies
• Innovative Pedagogy in English Language Teaching (ELT)
Track 3: Politics of the Global South

• Poverty and Inequality
• Role of the State, Institutions and Governance
iClass 2018 xxv
• Civil Society, Socio-Political Transitions, Conflict

• Climate Change, Environment, Management of Natural
Resources
• Development, Displacement and Urbanization
Track 4: Progressive Psychological Practices

• Advancement in Well-Being: Theory and Practice
• Emerging Trends in Psychology
• Indigenous Psychological Approaches
• Psychological Issues of Marginal/Specific Population Groups
• Psychological Implications of Human Machine Interaction in the
age of Social Media
Track 5: Social Systems

• Gender, Migration and Social Change
• Media and the Public
• Orthopraxy
• Theory and Practice
• Identity and Social Movements
Track 6: Trends in Travel and Tourism

• Responsible Travel and Tourism
• Media and Travel and Tourism
• Cultural Trends in Travel and Tourism
• New Technologies in Travel and Tourism
• Solo and Multigenerational Travel and Tourism
TRACK 1
ECONOMIC
PERSPECTIVES
Economic Perspectives 3
Urbanization and Migration: Achieving Millennium

Development Goals
Dr. Sunil Kumar
Associate Professor
Alliance School of Business, Alliance University
E-mail: [email protected]
abstract
The urbanization and migration are becoming global issue for the
last two decade. If we see throughout the world, all major cities in
the developing world are experiencing high rate of urbanization,
which is mainly contributed by migration, both within country and
international. While experiencing high rate of urbanization and
migration, all the nations in the world are looking after achieving
millennium development goals. The fast growing cities often lack of
many basic need such as housing, water, healthcare and sanitation
to their rapidly growing population. It lead to increase in slums
and unplanned towns. The trend of migration is affecting Indian
cities badly in term of availability of infrastructure, healthcare and
sanitation. Migrants from rural areas may build their lives in slums,
in most of cases, they do not have their own homes or livelihoods.
Due to this, migrants face many problem such as evictions, and slums
can be destroyed to make for new, more profitable projects. These
migrants also contributes in workforce, which is significant in the
growth of urban economies. This work is based on the secondary
data. The main focus of the study is to establish relationship between
migration and millennium development goals. The outcome of the
study will focus on the positive and negative aspects of migration
for the attainment of millennium development goals in the world
economy.
Keywords: Urbanization, Migration, Millennium Development Goal,
Economic Development
4 Liberal Arts and Social Sciences
Need Assessment of Green GDP for the

Himalayan State of Uttarakhand: A Case Study of
Rudraprayag District
Akansha Rawat
Lecturer, Economics
Graphic Era (Deemed to be University)
Dehradun, Uttarakhand
abstract
Uttarakhand is one of the fastest growing economies of India and is

bestowed with inimitable ecosystems. Agriculture is one of the most
significant areas of the economy; the agricultural practices include
integrated systems of farming, forestry, horticulture, livestock and
off-farm activities. Research using primary and secondary data has
examined that the economy has undergone some significant changes
in the past decade in various forms, and it is now imperative to
have a look at the concerns and SGDP estimation agenda towards
sustainable development. Since agricultural activities are inter-
linked with survival, market mechanism, labour force, prices, it
can be traced to a series of market failures. Uttarakhand being a
disaster-prone area, often witnesses failure of agricultural and allied
practices especially in the hills, creating socio-economic turbulences
like sustainability issues, unemployment, loss of potential income,
deteriorating social well-being, etc. On the basis of field survey
conducted in Rudraprayag district, the paper seeks to focus on the
need for green growth for long-term economic development and
hence Green-GDP. Uttarakhand as a green economy will be socio-
economically inclusive, thereby generating growth in ways consistent
with sustainable development. Green-GDP monetizes the costs and
benefits and unaccounted externalities related to environment and its
estimation will give a true, unbiased growth estimate. The findings
from the study suggest that in a mountain state like Uttarakhand, the
government must move towards the estimation of ‘Green-SGDP’.
Keywords: Uttarakhand Economy, Agricultural Development, Disasters,
Sustainable Development, Green-SGDP
Gender Wage Gap in Developing Nations

Aashi Yadav1 and Dr Rimple Manchanda2
1
Student, SoHSS, G.D. Goenka University
2
Assistant Professor, SoHSS, G.D. Goenka University
abstract
While India is a leading economy and at the forefront of innovation

and growth, high income inequality is still a reality. The Gender
Gap Report, 2016 at the World Economic Forum ranks India at 103
out of 144 nations in wage equality for similar work. The present
study aims to conduct an analysis on the state of gender wage gap
in India along with African nations of Rwanda and South Africa.
South Africa is ranked 86th. Rwanda, while categorised as one of
the most underdeveloped nations in the world, is ranked 1st under
wage equality for similar work. While many studies have conducted
to gauge the level and reasons for high gender wage gap developed
nations, few have focused on developing and underdeveloped
nations. However, gender wage gaps are a bigger and prominent
issue in developing nations, where women are treated inferior to men,
economically and financially. The current study focuses to show the
realities of skewed economic and financial opportunities for women
in developing nations. The results of this study highlight the level of
gender wage differentials in each Indian state along with their GDP,
and explore reasons for the varying levels of gaps in India, South
Africa and Rwanda. Furthermore, the results of this study also show
wage differentials in terms of age groups and sectors in India.
Keywords: Gender Wage Gap, Developing Countries, GDP
Examining the Trade Prospects between India and

ASEAN: Unlocking the Potential of North-East Region
Ashish Gupta
Assistant Professor, D.A.V. (P.G.) College, Karnal,
University of Kurukshetra
abstract
Despite ASEAN being the second largest trading partner for India,
there still lies an opportunity to grow the trade relationship between
the two parties. The total bilateral trade has increased from 7.5 billon
USD in 2003 to 64.6 Billion USD in 2016. Trade between nations can
provide an economic stimulus and can help any economy to recover.
Transportation cost is a major determinant of trade between two
partners. The objective of the paper is to analyse how transportation
costs can be an important determinant of international trade.
Estimation suggest transport cost constitute roughly around 10 per
cent of the total trade cost. Better connectivity between production
and consumption centers helps to substantially reduce the cost of
traded goods and make them more competitive. The paper aims to
examine that how free trade agreements promote the international
trade and can help the economies to reduce their indirect costs. The
paper also attempts to evaluate the effect of transport cost involved
in the export of goods from North Eastern region to the neighboring
and East Asian countries. Significance of the North East (NE) region
in terms of its geographical location and some of the important
international transport arrangements will also be discussed. Attempts
have also been made to assess the export potential of the region to
cater the ASEAN market. The study argues to develop the North
east region as an alternative route to cater export markets in the East
Asian region.
Keywords: North Eastern Region, ASEAN, Competitiveness, Transport cost.
JEL classification: F14, Q17, R1, R4
Rise of the Global South: An Analysis of South-South

Development Cooperation in India
Meghna Chowdhary
B.A (Hons.) Economics
Amity School of Economics, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh
abstract
The recent emergence of South-South Cooperation (S-SC) among

the ‘Global South’ has resulted in the forging of communally
advantageous partnerships to ensure the attainment of economic
growth, development of industrial capacity and productivity, and the
reduction of poverty among member nations. S-SC has a magnanimous
role to play in not only advancement of economic growth in India,
but also in the nation’s social, technical, political, cultural, and

environmental domains. In India, S-SC represents a manifestation of
cohesion that promotes national well-being, collective self-reliance,
as well as the realization of multiple internationally endorsed
development schemes, including the Millennium Development
Goals and the Sustainable Development Goals. The framework of
S-SC is now extensively acknowledged as the principal apparatus
for the countries of the South to fulfil their long term developmental
objectives. In accordance, this paper seeks to explain South-South
Cooperation as a multi-faceted concept that enunciates the inherent
development trajectory of India, while distinctly categorizing the
varied gains absorbed as a result of cooperation rather than the
absorption of conventionally mandated foreign aid. The advent
of South-South development cooperation has not only facilitated
a rampantly expanding productive capacity in India, but has also
transformed emerging nations of the global South into strong allies of
the nation. In this regard, the paper uses an empirical model analysis
to establish the expansive position of influence assumed by S-SC
in constructing and advancing prolonged, growth-conducive, and
sustainable economic and social development in India.
Keywords: South-South Cooperation, India, FDI, Sustainable
Development
Economic Development and

Environment Degradation in North India:
A Case Study of Uttarakhand
Dr. P.D. Singh1 and Dr. Ajay Kumar Salgotra2
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Economics
H.N.B.Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal Uttarakhand
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Forestry and Horticulture
H.N.B.Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal Uttarakhand
E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
abstract
The relationship between economic development and environmental

quality has been an object of a long debate for many years. Misuse
of natural resources cause degradation of environment, which
is becoming a major constraint in most of the countries on future
growth and development. Like world economy, India faces various

serious challenges from the environment degradation and appropriate
environmental policy should be adopted in time to save it. The
accelerating environment degradation of mountain areas should be of
global concern. The environmental effects of economic growth have
been receiving increasing attention of economists in recent years.
Uttarakhand is one among north Indian states which is at the stage
of development and is facing a problem of environment degradation.
In this paper we have focused on environment degradation caused
by economic development in North India particularly in the state of
Uttarakhand. We have utilised secondary data collected from various
sources like; Forest surveys, ministry websites, authentic research
paper and articles. Present study is descriptive in nature; a simple
trend analysis is used to show the changing pattern of development
and environment degradation in the study area. Analysis highlights
the important role of institutions in encouraging sustainable
development.
Keywords: Environment Degradation, Economic Development, Sustainable
Development, Income Inequalities
Taming Inequalities in India:

The idea of Corporate Social Responsibility
Mrittika Nandy
Doctoral Candidate, Centre for Political Studies,
Jawaharlal Nehru University
abstract
India underwent a fundamental transformation from a state controlled

economy to a market oriented one. 1991 marked the arrival of Neo
liberal reforms that promised unprecedented development, high
economic growth and maximization of human well being. It’s was
also this time when large number of Multi National Corporation’s
found India –the next stop destination to do business and subsequently
flourish in a competitive global environment. Behind promising
economic prosperity were, the problems of inequalities persisted and
magnified with time such as dispossession, loss of heritage private
property, social exclusion, destruction of natural resources and many
others. Thus, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) , even before it

became a legal mandate in India (Companies Act, 2014) became a
promising arm of big companies to promote their socio-economic
activities around the area of operations. Following the triple bottom
line- Profit, Planet and People, big business houses like Birla, ONGC,
IOC, Mahindra, Bill and Melinda Gates jumped the bandwagon of
CSR and used it as a tool to maintain reputational image. They have
largely successful in maintaining of a socially responsible corporate
entity; while violating environmental and legal norms. Engaging with
likeminded NGO’s or established in-house foundations, they publish
reports that claims to have made difference in the community are not
open for third party assessment. The Companies Act (2014) fails to
incorporate the aspect of evaluation and assessment of CSR projects
across the country.
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Environment, Community,
Companies Act (2014), Neo liberalism, Corporations
Farm Size and Cost of Cultivation: Access to Inputs,

Credit and Information
Dr. Upasna Sharma
Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences
Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
abstract
This paper is based on the baseline data collected for an experiment

on assessing the value of SMS based agro-met advisories to the
framers. The intervention phase of the experiment is currently
ongoing. However, descriptive and exploratory analysis of baseline
data revealed that size of the land holding of the farmer is inversely
associated with the cost of cultivation; also land holding size is
inversely associated with information access and credit available to
the farmer etc. While the direction of the relationship is not surprising
- this is quite intuitive for economists – as the scale of operation
increases the average cost is likely to go down, but when one looks
at the disaggregated components of the cost of cultivation, one finds
an underlying story of inequitable access of smaller farmers to inputs,
credit and information. This paper explores some of these storylines
based on empirical data collected from about 600 farmers across 58

villages in 6 districts of Haryana. Implications of these inequities and
future directions of research for are discussed.
Keywords: Farm Size, Cost of Cultivation, Farm Inputs, Credit, Information
A Study of Effect of Corruption on

Economy’s Well-Being
Mahi Balusu and Dr. Rimple Manchanda
1
BA (H) Economics, G.D. Goenka University
2
Assistant Professor, G.D. Goenka University
abstract
Corruption is deemed illegal misuse of power and to adequately

measure this Corruption Perception Index (CPI) has been developed.
This study intends to draw attention towards corruption, a growing
menace in the society. The effect of growth, overall development,
inequality levels and the existing standards of living in an economy on
corruption has been analysed. The secondary data from 6 economies
including 2 developed (USA and UK), 2 under-developed (Angola
and Uganda) and 2 developing countries (India and China) has been
used to check the levels of the impact of different types of economies.
The results of the study predict a very strong negative relationship
between CPI and GDP, CPI and HDI, CPI and SPI, CPI and Gini
coefficient. A step by step multiple regression analysis further helped
to conclude that corruption effects underdeveloped and developing
countries more than developed countries due to the higher levels of
corruption present and not adequate means to reduce it. The main
reason of this study is to attract attention to corruption as it is a huge
hindrance to all types of countries let it be developing, developed or
underdeveloped.
Keywords: Corruption Perception Index, Growth, Standards of Living.
Nature, Extent and Dimensions of

Rural Indebtedness in India
with Special Reference to Odisha
T. Triveni
PhD Scholar, Department of Economics, Ravenshaw University,
Cuttack, Odisha
abstract
Rural indebtedness has been a chronic problem that has troubled

administrators and has received the continuous and anxious
consideration of the Government. It is one of the important parameter
of showing health of the rural economy. This paper examines the
nature and extent of rural indebtedness and factors determining rural
Indebtedness in India using the unit record data from the 70th round
of the NSSO carried out during January-December 2013, provides
a comparative picture rural Indebtedness of the major Indian States
and an in depth analysis of Odisha. Indebtedness was found to be
more widespread among the cultivator households than among the
rural households. The highest incidence of indebtedness was located
mostly in the agriculturally developed regions like AP, Punjab and
Haryana. It is also seen that most of states where IOI is above 70 per
cent, are agriculturally well developed. The analysis in this chapter
also confirms that prosperity and indebtedness go together. Formal
source of credit amounts to more than fifty percent both in India and
Odisha. In rural Odisha, Incidence of indebtedness (IOI) and Average
Amount of Debt (AOD) is found to be more widespread among the
cultivator households than among their non-cultivator counterparts.
In rural Odisha, 40% and 25% of the cultivator and non-cultivator
households, respectively, were indebted. Rural households in Odisha
mostly borrowed from formal agencies than informal agencies. Poor
Rural Households with lower land holdings are much more deprived
of formal sources of credit than the comparatively richer ones. The
problem of rural indebtedness was not equally acute in all states of
our country
Keywords: Average Amount of Debt, Incidence of Indebtedness, Extent of
Indebtedness, Agrarian distress
Role of Agricultural Production System in

Green Economy: Evidences from Cost of
Cultivation Data of Bihar
Nasim Ahmad1, D.K. Sinha2, K.M. Singh3 and
Dr. Rajendra Prasad4
1
Technical Officer (Computer)
2
University Professor & Head, Agricultural Economics
3
University Professor (Agricultural Economics),
Director Extension Education
4
Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar, India
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected]
abstract
For achieving food security, nation has to pay costs in terms of

environmental changes, natural resource depletion consequently
sustainability of forthcoming generation. Maintaining harmonious
relation with ecology and economic development is the prime
objective of Green Economy. Legumes enhance soil fertility by
biological nitrogen fixation and must be taken into account in
estimating cultivation cost of crops. GHG emission causing global
warming and environmental pollution is considered as social cost
for society in the form of health hazard. This factor should also be
accounted for in estimating the cultivation cost of different crops. A
study was conducted using unit data of cost of cultivation scheme
for evaluating cost of nitrogen fixation and cost of GHG emission
for various crops grown in Bihar. The findings revealed that the
nitrogen fixation was found comparatively high for arhar (Rs.3414/
ha), followed by gram (Rs 3140/ha), urad (Rs. 2506/ha). Among
cereal crops, the value of GHG emission was estimated highest in
paddy (Rs. 1838/ha), followed by wheat (Rs. 182.50/ha) and maize
(Rs. 158.50/ha). In pulse crops, comparatively large value of GHG
emission was observed in pea (Rs. 235.00/ha) and Rs 97/ha. Among
oilseeds, it was recorded Rs. 144.50/ha for sunflower and Rs.114.50/
ha for both rapeseed & mustard and linseed. In vegetables, the value
of GHG emission was assessed at Rs. 235.00/ha for each vegetable
as well as chilli. Bihar is being considered as origin for Second Green
Revolution. In policy framing environmental sustainability must
be kept under consideration and valued at natural resources, and

ecosystem.
Keywords: Agriculture Production, Green Economy, Cost of Cultivation
Positive Effect of Brand Communication through

Facebook on Consumer Behavior
Ms. Priya Handa
Research Scholar, Amity School of Communication,
Amity University Uttar Pradesh
abstract
Purpose: To study the changing consumer behaviour by brand

communication through Facebook and the positive effect of brand
communication with the emergence of Facebook. Methodology:
Literature review method using descriptive study from the period of
2011-2017 from database of Sage, EBSCO, Emerald, etc was done.
Findings: The results revealed that Facebook positively affects brand
communication as it gives an amplified stage to the brands operation
more excellently. It is an engagement engine for consumers, marketing
device for brands and utmost effect on attractive and maintaining
a solid fan base. Facebook has arisen as the only platform giving
brand a podium for communication, expression, advancement, and
augments their image, equity, trust and loyalty. Brand communication
through Facebook powers the profound consumers’ instincts which
not only alters their buying intents but transforms their total
lifestyle. Moreover, a strong relation between consumers and brand
communications through Facebook brand pages was found. It aids
in retaining of prevailing consumers and gaining of new consumers.
Facebook gives a brand its identity and gives consumers a complete
experience of brand before buying which transforms not only their
minds but their overall behaviour towards brands. Implications: It is
recommended for the brands that they should use Facebook for mass
engagement and interactivity as it provides huge prospects to develop
brand image and personality as well as generates strong connect
with online consumer behaviour and make brand communication
pioneering. There is immense scope for quantitative and qualitative
research for future.
Keywords: Facebook, Consumer Behaviour, Brand Communication,

Consumer Engagement
A Study on the Impact of

7 Central Pay Commission on 11 Million
th
– Indian Central Government Employees

Amit Shiv Narayan Bhattacharjee
MA Economics, G.D. Goenka University
abstract
The constitution of the ‘7 Central Pay Commission (CPC)’ was

th
approved by Dr. Manmohan Singh on 28 February, 2014; while it

was implemented by Shri Narendra Modi on 1st July 2016. As stated
by India Today Conclave (2017) ‘the 7th Central Pay Commission is
a 70-years low hike in basic pay merely 14.27%’. The Government
of India in 2004 decided that from 1st January 2004, no pension will
be given to the central government employees who joined the Central
Government job. The objective of this study is to compare the 7th
Central Pay Commission with last six Central Pay Commission. It
targets to study the impact of 7th Pay Commission on Armed Forces,
Pensioners and on GDP of India. The research also aims at addressing
the rising concern of whether the Central Government of India should
increase the fitment factor from 2.57 times to 3.00 times and whether
the Old Pension Scheme will replace the new National Pension Scheme
(NPS) if the post 2004 central government employees receive pension.
Primary data has been collected with the help of a questionnaire. The
sample data has been collected from 3 states and one union territory
of India and data from 203 employees have been collected. Secondary
data such as review reports of last 6 CPC and data on variables like
GDP, CPI, and interest rates have been used for analysis. For analysis,
correlation and T Test has been used. The findings suggests the 6th
CPC to be better than the 7th CPC. Minor positive impact is seen for
Pensioners and Armed Forces. There are mixed results with respect
to increase in GDP. The research makes a strong case in favour of
increasing the Basic Pay of the Central Government Employees and
replace NPS with Old Pension Scheme.
Keywords: 7th Pay Commission, GDP, CPI, CPC, NPS
TRACK 2
LITERATURE
AND GLOBAL SOUTH
Literature and Global South 17
Ideas of Resistance in the Politics of Translation

Ashish Sharma
M.Phil Research Scholar, Jawaharlal Nehru University
abstract
The paper aims at complicating the general idea of ‘good translation’

which focuses on transference of meanings and ideas from one language
to other with both languages sharing a relation of ‘equivalence’
among each other and translator facilitating the exchange by getting
invisible in the process. The paper highlights the cultural asymmetry
that underlies the translation in which meanings get influenced by
a dominant culture when they are translated into the subservient
one. By establishing translation as a political act, this paper tries to
debunk the myth of ‘equivalence’ and ‘invisible translator’ to disrupt
the western regime of translation that determines what counts as
good translation or a tolerable one. In the second part, the paper
carries forward the idea of translation as political act by analysing
Naoki Sakai’s Translation and Subjectivity and Maria Tymoczko’s
Translation: Ethics, ideology, Action to depict two ideas of how
translation offers resistance. Through Sakai’s analysis of Theresa cha
diactee, this paper demonstrates how Cha’s work disrupts the regime
of translation by offering resistance in translation and through
Tymoczko’s work this paper demonstrates how translation itself acts
as a form of resistance when a ‘visible’ translator works upon the text
in a socio-cultural setting to resist imperial control over knowledge
production and its transference. With its potential for resistance,
defining good translation is not merely a literary or cultural but
rather a political act.
Keywords: Equivalence, Translation, Resistance, Cultural-Asymmetry
Moving Out, But not Moving Away: Trouble of

Carrying the South Asian Identity Beyond Borders
Jitamanyu Das
Independent Scholar
abstract
My paper aims to look at the politics of migration. The condition of

South Asian diaspora, and their juggling identities problematises the
notion of a fixed identity and history, throwing a challenge at the social

conventions of today. Our views as readers are largely formed of our
own anchored position, the validity of which is questioned through
the narratives. It is from this very perspective that Hari Kunzru’s
début novel The Impressionist (2002) and Monica Ali’s Brick Lane
(2003) are so significant. They trace the curious journeys undertaken
by their protagonists to expose the politics of migration and the
trouble of identifying with their original South Asian root through
the transition to a Western identity. They encapsulate a journey of
the individuals faced with different borders, both physical and social,
as the authors negotiate between a transition from the colonial
space of a singular home to a post-colonial pluralised identity. This
transition alters the very nature of the society and in emphasising on
the ‘otherness’ of it, demarcates various identities bordered from each
other and functioning essentially on their differences. The lack of a
centrality in the South Asian context contributes largely to the borders
formed within the nations and their constant influence on the lives
and relationship of the people belonging to the Indian subcontinent.
Keywords: Migration, Identity, Postcolonialism, History, Contemporary
Society
Linguistic Diversity in Partition Writing

in Indian Subcontinent
Amar Pratap Singh
Assistant Professor, Department of English
Graphic Era Hill University
abstract
This working paper revisits the notion of linguistic diversity and its
function in partition literature in Indian Subcontinent. It argues that
author’s linguistic and cultural attitudes are influenced not only by
their literary practice but also by their identification with particular
language(s). Linguistic identity is embodied in race, religion,
geography and ethnicity and came as a means to be recorded in
literary text. India’s partition history is replete with such writing in
different languages and in genres. The Partition of India has evoked
great interest among the writers of different languages and they have
responded to it. A lot of literature in different languages have been
written on that fateful event. This kind of literature has come to be

known as Partition Literature. Even the writers belong to the different
linguistic geography which have not been directly affected by the
Partition have represented their emotional experiences/responses in
literature. The Partition literature has been written in Hindi, Urdu,
Punjabi, Bengali, Marathi, Gujarati, Sindhi, Dogri, Malayalam,
Kannada, and English. South Asian writers, from Rabindranath
Tagore to Faiz Ahmed Faiz, protested both British colonialism and
parochial forms of nationalism, whose calamitous effects the world
wars made dramatically clear. Allama Iqbal hoped Islam might offer a
way to move beyond nationalism. Khuswant Singh’s writing has added
a Punjabi ethnic property in this field. If Urdu flourished in Pakistan,
away from its roots in Delhi, the Deccan, and UP, writers like Laxman
Bhatia contributed a lot to Sindhi literature through partition lens.
Faiz’s famous poem on Partition ended by admonishing, ‘Chale chalo
ki woh manzil abhi nahin aayi.’ In India, Ali Sardar Jafri said, ‘Ab
bhi zindan-e-ghulami se nikal sakte hain, Apni taqdir ko hum aap
badal sakte hain.’ Therefore, this paper intends to explicitly highlight
the linguistic diversity in partition literature. This paper also seek
to address the building blocks of a theory of linguistic diversity in
literature like a classification and measures of diversity.
Keywords: Linguistic Diversity, Partition Literature, South Asian Writers
An Insight of the World of

Indian Women through Literature
Phalak Malik
BA (H) English, G.D. Goenka University
abstract
Indian literature has emerged as one of the most influential and

convincing domains of the literary culture. From the early works in
Vedic Sanskrit like the brahmanas to aranyakas to the present day
modern literature like mistress: the novel, difficult daughters, kyunki
mein ladki hoon mujhe padhna hai, Indian literature has made a
relevant and forceful impact globally. Though the themes of Indian
writers have been diverse, the protagonist of many of the elite and
famous works till date has always been a woman. Since, Indian work
occupies such a great significance in the literary world, therefore,

the present study aims to explore the perception of women in the
context of Indian literature. It seeks to highlight the continuous
transformation of the status of woman across different periods of the
literary culture and to study its impact on the society. Over the time,
women have been projected in many contrasting ways in the Indian
literature. The famous ‘Chokher Bali’ by the noble laureate Tagore,
for instance, tenderly portrays the ill-fated widowed women of India,
whereas Kamala Das boldly talks about the intimate desires of women
in her legendary work. Hence, this study also aims to give a detailed
account of the prevailing notions and perceptions of Indian women
in the context of literature. The present study emphasizes on the
projection of certain social issues like girl education, child marriages
etc in the Indian works, as many eminent literati have stressed upon
the hypocritical nature of the Indian society regarding the same. To
summarize, the following work presents a holistic view with a deep
insight into the reflection of feminism in the Indian literature culture
and its progress with reference to women of south asia.
Keywords: Literary, Perception, Literati, Hypocritical, Feminism
The Robin Hood Resistance:

An Analysis of Social Bandits of Bengal
Dr. Avishek Deb
Lecturer, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh
abstract
The Y2K generation suddenly brought to the focus, a paradigm

where once resided in the rural Bengal, a group known as daakats
(or dacoits). A game known as ‘Dacoits of Bengal’, stars Raghu,
Bishe and others but their roles are played by the gamer freaks. This
detached simulation gives the new generation brings temporary
attachment, but widens the gulf between so-called ‘honour’ and
‘violence’ of ‘Robin Hood’ bandits. Marxists saw neither hope nor
trust in this class which they termed as the ‘lumpenproletariat’. Engels
in The Peasant War of Germany condemns this class vehemently.
Mikhail Bakunin however refuted such claims. Applying the state
apparatuses, the state can de-recognize and at times, un-recognize a
group to ensure ‘order’. Even Hobsbawm, the historian, recognizes

the existential crisis of the Robin Hoods in Social Bandits. During
the reign of the East India Company, the representations of dacoits in
Bengali folklore and literature, tried to interlink the plebeian and the
outlaws economically and ideologically. However the representations
of the social outlaws in folklore and literature questions the terms
like ‘heroes’ and ‘legends’, as their deification was compartmentalized
by the use of the word ‘outlaw’. Along with the fact that ‘honour’
was in their social entitlement and the benevolence to the plebeians,
the ‘violence’ of the social bandits like Raghu daakat and others,
represented something more than an economic craving.
This paper attempts to analyze the structural matrix and
ideology of the oral Raghus/Robin Hoods of Bengal and re-read
their representations and contributions to history on both local and
national scale.
Keywords: Simulation, Vagabond Proleteriat, Lumpenproletariat
Framing Identity, Nation and Border Crossings

Dr. Nishat Haider
Professor, Department of English & Modern European Languages
Director, Institute of Women’s Studies, University of Lucknow
abstract
Foregrounding the ‘triangulation’ of memory and cinema as

contextual archives, this paper enables an understanding of the
identity politics around ‘being a Muslim’ in contemporary India
(within the larger geopolitical context) through an exploration of
the Hindi mainstream cinema, popularly known as the Bollywood
cinema. Extending Edward Soja’s (1996: 46) perspective that ‘there
is no unspatialised social reality,’ this article explores Bollywood’s
framing of people’s relationships to space, ethnicity, history and
culture in order to comprehend some of the ways in which India, as a
country/nation-state, is ‘produced’ (Lefebvre, 1991, 1998). Implying
the ‘specular power of cinema to narrate the nation’ (Sharma 177)
and identitarian conflicts, I will reconfigure cinema as a site of
historical memories which enunciates the transformation of the role
played by Muslims as diegetic subjects in Hindi mainstream films.
Since Bollywood, as Rajinder Dudrah says, is ‘an ethnic mediascape,’
which offers ‘an audiovisual site where ideas of the homeland can
be translated and negotiated’ (qtd. in Gopal and Moorti 291), in my
paper, I am going to look at the subject positions, power relations,
stereotypes and worldview, and how these notions interact with
‘homeland’/nation in the films. However overwhelming may seem the
possibility of ‘mapping’ such elusive topoi as power, history, identity,
violence, ethics and justice that filmmakers must represent, the
undertaking is inevitable given that all human actions and
enunciations inscribe topoi, and every topos is concurrently locatable
and meaningful.
Keywords: Identity, Memory, Cinema, Nation, Muslim
Dichotomy of the Imagined and Real and

Cinema as a Site of Contestation and
Negotiation for Unwed Mothers
Dr. Sumati
Assistant Professor in English
PG Govt. College for Girls, Sector 11, Chandigarh
abstract
The verdict of the Supreme Court of India three years ago, establishing
the right of unwed mothers to withhold the identity of her child’s
father and live as single parent respectably has been heralded as
a highlighted signpost of our social evolution and progressive
mindset. All kinds of media were inundated with their own ways
of welcoming the verdict. Documentaries, short films were specially
brought forward to highlight the plight of such mothers, sensitize
the society and to espouse their cause. It naturally draws attention
to the contribution of mainstream cinema in India for this issue. This
paper endeavours to plot a progressive representational journey of
unwed mothers in selected Hindi films to reflect upon the concurrent
social evolution of India. The selected films are Dhool ka Phool, Kya
Kehna, Aaja Nachle and Paa. And their analysis is juxtaposed with
a few documentaries that project a different reality of these single
mothers. Notably, when pitted against the real scenario, the power
of progress weakens when it comes to that progress is seen very
unevenly distributed; its intra-societal and inter-societal implications
vary. Finally, the cinematic projection of reality is proposed to be

a potential space to negotiate between the different aspects of
progress.
Keywords: Progress, Reality, Cinematic Reality, Evolution
Confessional Poetry of Kamala Das:

A Tool for Resistance and Reconstruction
Biju K T K
Research Scholar, GD Goenka University
abstract
Kamala Das is often considered as a poet of confessional mode. She

exploited the technique of confession to voice her protest against
a traditional and patriarchal society which suppressed feminine
sensibility and freedom of expression. When the ripples of Women’s
Liberation Movement of West hardly had any effect on Indian writers,
it was the lone feminine voice of Kamala Das that stood apart in the
sub continent. An objective analysis of the selected poems of Kamala
Das reveals how her poetry echoes the voice of resistance and tries to
reconstruct battered and bruised feminine self. In her poems she seems
to be advocating the cause of women with an aim to unshackle and
emancipate both their body and mind. Her subjective experience rises
from the personal level and attains global proportions where it becomes
the experience of Indian women in general. She gives expression
to the hopes and aspirations of womankind. She was criticized
vehemently for her frank revelations of her intimate experiences and
bold assertions of her female sexuality. Her confessional poems also
emboldened other female authors to express themselves fearlessly in
a traditional and patriarchal society in India. In her poems, such as
‘An Introduction’, ‘Of Calcutta’, ‘The Old Play House’, ‘The Stone
Age’ and ‘The Conflagration’, she protests against the discrimination
that a woman endures as a result of the norms of a gender biased
society. Her liberal outlook and concern for feminine sensibility often
catapulted her to the status of the first Indian feminist poet writing
in English. This research paper would unfold how the confessional
poetry of Kamala Das served as a tool not only for resistance against
the conventional restraints of male dominated society but also for

reconstruction and rejuvenation of battered feminine psyche.
Keywords: Kamala Das, Confessional, Patriarchal, Resistance,
Reconstruction
Marginalization of Indian English Drama

Dr Parul Yadav
Assistant Professor, Amity School of Liberal Arts
Amity University Haryana
abstract
Literature, being a mirror of society, is expected to depict the plight

of margins and also the socio-cultural paradigms which bring about
the process of marginalization. Most margins would simply wish to
be left alone to themselves, allowed to carry on with their way of life
rather than wishing to change the society according to their ways.
But they at least want their breathing space under the sun along with
the mainstream rather than being pushed mercilessly to the comers
and being scoffed at by the centre. Coming to the literary genres
in the Indian context, drama has been relegated to a marginalized
status and for that matter Indian English drama itself stands
marginalized further. Not many practitioners of this genre treat the
margins in their works, fearing to be labeled as non-conventional.
They are mostly content to ignore such individuals as a challenge to
the heterosexual or hegemonic normativity which is central to the
mainstream culture. It is felt by a few critics that the detachment
of the Indian playwrights from the classical traditions and myths is
primarily responsible for the general neglect of drama. The present
paper attempts to study the reasons for the marginalization of Indian
English drama.
Keywords: Indian English Drama, Marginalization, Literature
Study of Struggle against the Colonial Power

in India with Special Reference to
‘Under The Banyan Tree’ and ‘The Blind Dog’
Parul Rathore
M.A. English, G D Goenka University
abstract
The present paper focuses on tracing the progress within social and
cultural construct from pre- independence to post-independence of
India. It is intended to present the clear picture of struggle against
the colonial power which not only colonized our country but
other countries of South Asia as well. The beginning of European
colonization of South Asian nations can be traced back to 16th
Century which continued for centuries. India is one of those South
Asian countries which were colonized and struggled to free itself
from the tangles of colonial rule. Many pre and post-colonial aspects
were undertaken by various writers such as RK Narayan, Mulk Raj
Anand, Anita Desai, Arundhati Roy etc. ‘The Blind Dog’ by R. K.
Narayan illustrates a regrettable, yet realistic dilemma of freedom vs.
necessity. It stirs the readers with depiction of struggle and hardship
faced by Indians (colonized) through the protagonist of the story who
is not a human but a faithful animal, dog. The struggle from that
time through the post-colonial period to the present day independent
society is clearly depicted in ‘Under the Banyan Tree’ as well. The
objective of this research paper is to provide an example of the social
and cultural paradigm from colonized to independent, thus speculate
the progress within the society and culture.
Keywords: Colonial Power, Independent Country Struggle, Progress,
Paradigm
An Exploration of Male Narratives of Diaspora

Annapurna Venkatesh
B.A English (Hons), G.D Goenka University
abstract
We have often been told that ‘there are two sides to every story’ and
in literature a novel is bound to have characters who might have
different narratives at any given point of time. Jhumpa Lahiri, in

her writing she allows for ‘a variety of approaches with which to
negotiate identities and create new selves’ (Mehra). Today when a lot
of female diaspora authors place more emphasis on the role of women
and women’s narrative, unconsciously the men are often portrayed
as evil or cruel. This is to draw attention to the female protagonist
but is done without considering the narratives and situations that the
male characters are in. Often times to understand gender and gender
divide, we must take into consideration that we live in a world where
there are different types of genders and we cannot study only one in
isolation. ‘To study women, in isolation perpetuates the fact that one
sphere, the experience of one sex, has little or nothing to do with the
other’ (Scott). Similarly in order to understand the female narrative
better we must understand the male narrative also and vice versa.
Soon it was evident that the male characters in Lahiri’s novels are not
the evil moustache twirling patriarchal men that they are often seen
as, but they are also sensitive and have their own problems. The title
of the study is ‘Understanding Male Narratives of Diaspora in the
Works of Jhumpa Lahiri’, where I try to examine male narratives and
also understand how it is important to Indian writings of diaspora.
The purpose of the current study is to identify the male narratives
and how it is different from female narratives of diaspora. By the
end of this study, I hope to begin to come closer to understanding
unique narratives of diaspora. Some key areas which will be featured
in the study are effect of trauma on male narrative, the significance
of mother tongue on immigrant children and adulthood as an Indian-
American male. This is a narrative that might have never been heard
before.
Keywords: Diaspora, Male, Narrative, Jhumpa Lahiri
TRACK 3
POLITICS OF
THE GLOBAL SOUTH
Politics of the Global South 29
The Ultimate Price of Poverty: How Income Levels

Affect the Scope of Justice
Apala Vatsa
PhD. Scholar, Jawaharlal Nehru University
abstract
Contemporary society is teeming with numerous inequalities. It is a

truism to mention that life is essentially unfair, more for some than for
others. However, what happens when death, like life, comes to depend
on socio economic factors and becomes fundamentally unjust? This is
the question that the phenomenon of Death Penalty poses to us. If it
is simply about a life-life tradeoff emerging from the magnitude of the
crime in question, why is that only the poor and the marginalized face
the ultimate punishment? The paper argues that in many countries
the problem is not simple prejudice (though this too plays a part) but
stems from the economics of the judicial system. According to the
Equal Justice initiative, 95% of convicts languishing on death row
in the United States come from underprivileged backgrounds. Their
court appointed lawyers often don’t have the means to expedite the
DNA or ballistics tests that could unravel the prosecution’s case. The
same striking observation can be made in India where, according to a
recent study by DU, 20% of them have never attended school. Once
again, a largely deficient legal representation is to blame. Although the
law allows for access to a lawyer before any initial court appearance,
89% of those on death row state that they have never been able to
exercise this right. Aware of this shortcoming, the SC of India, in a
2013 judgement, held that poverty should be considered a mitigating
circumstance (Sunil D. Gaikwad vs. the State of Maharashtra). In this
case, the judges also commuted a death sentence to life in prison. This
was a modest victory, however, as the ultimate punishment remains
in force. The objective of the paper is to show that the question of
culpability is almost unimportant in our criminal justice system; it is
all about one’s ability to dodge the radar of the judiciary by paying
the police during an investigation, or paying a lawyer for defense or
paying the authorities to get one’s name on the list of pardons. Since
it cannot be that rich people commit no heinous crimes, therefore we
need to investigate why it is only the poor who are punished for those.
Keywords: Poverty, Inequality, Judicial Economics, Death Penalty
Corruption in Local Governance: Nature and Role of

State, and Anti-Corruption Policy
Dr. Arpita Mathur
Research Asst. Professor, SRM School of Management, Chennai
abstract
This paper investigates the socially constructed nature of corruption

in local governance in India in the context of decentralization in local
governance. The government of India passed the 73rd amendment to
bring about decentralised governance in the country at village level
through the Panchayati Raj Act. One of the main aims of the act has
been to reduce the distance between the citizen and the State and to
bring about more transparency, and hence, reduce corruption. The
findings from this study suggest that the citizens still perceive a distance
from the State. The major finding of this study is that corruption
at panchayat level is indexical in nature; which means that, citizens
selectively report about only certain cases of corruption. They may
even provide social legitimacy to certain forms of corruption in certain
context. The study is an attempt to understand this indexical and
contextual nature of local-government corruption, with reference to
State-Citizen relationship. The study concludes that the State-Citizen
distance is yet to be bridged by establishment of Panchayats, as the
Panchayati Raj Institutions lack real autonomy and is viewed more
as the implementation agency of Central government. This paper
provides anti-corruption policy suggestions which acknowledge
and take care of the socially constructed ‘indexicality’ of corruption
and bridges the State-Citizen distance. The study is done from a
postcolonial perspective and attempts to understand the State-Citizen
relationship in India at village level post the colonial era.
Keywords: Corruption, Governance, State, Anti-Corruption Policy,
Panchayat
Assessment of Civil Society in China and India:

A Comparative Study (2000-2017)
Chandan Panigrahi1 and Avishek Mohanty2
PhD Scholar, Jawaharlal Nehru University
1
2
Masters Student, Jamia Millia Islamia University
abstract
An impartial and extensive analytical structure is necessary to

understand the civil society conundrum of socialist and democratic
country which has stimulated much debate within academic disciplines.
Civil society organisations (CSOs) work differently in Third World
countries as compared to the Western civil society. Civil society is a
contested terrain in both the states which does not promote political
freedom to the NGOs. Despite evolution, the consolidation of civil
society across the state has been asymmetrical. India has mature
civil societies which specify established democratic system. However,
considerable segments of the citizenry remain estranged from decision
making. There are structural challenges which need to be addressed.
The moot point for choosing this theme predominantly is to
understand civil society from citizens’ viewpoint. The study attempts
to comprehend the civil society in India and China with relation to the
activism of the citizens. The citizen activism has a direct relation with
civil society. The legitimate demands of the citizen are hard-pressed
by CSO in both the democratic and socialist nations. From 2002 to
2009, academic, government and GONGO grants together counted
for 86% of total grants in People’s Republic of China (PRC). The
interlude chosen for this study begins from the post-millennial period
till 2017 covering the contemporary dynamics of the civil society
conundrum and its multi-faceted perspectives. PRC considers growing
independent civil society may bring social instability in the state. This
assumption has curtailed the manifestation of an independent civil
society in PRC. Hence, the study aims to understand civil society
by delving deeper into citizen’s perspective and how it is facilitating
participatory governance in India and China.
Keywords: Civil society, State, Citizens, GONGO
Climate Change in Rural Malawi: Experiences on

Adaptive Coping Strategies and Managing Risks at
Community and Household Levels
George Phiri1 and Anand Babu Prakasam2
1
Coordinator-Climate Smart Agriculture,
Agriculture Organization, Lilongwe, Malawi
2
Economist and Environment Expert,
United Nations Development Programme
abstract
Climate change is the defining human development challenge of

the 21st Century. Climate change is affecting the world’s poorest
countries (especially in sub-Saharan Africa) and vulnerable people
are at immediate risk. Failure to respond to this challenge will stall
or even reverse government efforts to reduce poverty and economic
development. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s
(IPCC) Assessment Reports (2014, 2016) concludes that climate
change is happening now and there is need for countries like Malawi
to put in place mechanisms that will effectively respond to this change.
Government of Malawi’s (GOM) First National Communication
(2002) to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) reported that the country’s socio-economic, demographic
and climatic factors make it highly vulnerable to negative effects of
climate change with outcomes affecting rural livelihoods and economic
prosperity. Furthermore, both the Malawi National Adaptation
Programmes of Action (NAPA, 2008) and United Nations Country
Assessment for Malawi (2010) emphasize that climate change is a
serious threat to Malawi that, in the short- to-medium-term, which
will significantly affect the ecosystems with major implications in
particularly weather-sensitive sectors (environment, agriculture,
forestry, water resources and fisheries) and in human systems
(human health and human settlements) and thereby undermining
development interventions, impeding the achievement of Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) and resulting in increased poverty. A
study on adaptive coping strategies conducted in selected vulnerable
districts of Malawi in 2011/2012 through National Climate Change
Programme quantified levels of rural livelihoods’ vulnerability
to negative impacts of climate change and variability. This was
attributed to the non-resilient livelihoods, extremely low wealth

base, inadequate diversification of productions systems and gender-
based inequities. The study further found that the negative impact of
climate change is pushing rural households deeper into the vicious
cycle of poverty, as demonstrated by continuing concerns about food
insecurity, malnutrition, migration due to frequent and prolonged dry
spells and droughts, growing constraints on the natural resource base
(water scarcity and land degradation), lack of infrastructure and poor
dissemination of adaptation technologies all of which are exacerbated
by lack of implementation of government policies which in some
cases show inter-sector contradictions. A synthesis of evidence and
lessons learned from this study provides empirical evidence on the
vulnerability of the poor to various climate risks and shocks, as well as
their lack of capacity to access physical, financial and social resources
and networks in the risky environments of rural Malawi. Experiences
drawn from the study reveal a number of adaptive coping strategies
used over generations by the rural communities and households
of Malawi. These strategies are however local palliatives to shield
against the uncertainties induced by season -to-season variation in
agricultural seasons, and water supply coupled with socio-economic
drivers which impact on their lives. Whilst such coping strategies
enabled farming families and communities to survive, that is, risk-
avoiding in nature, they generally lacked institutionalization and
policy support. These strategies tend to amplify and extend normal
ways of making ends meet. Where vulnerability is slight or moderate,
coping strategies include selling less important assets, drawing down
food stores, reducing the amount of food consumed, and the sale of
smaller livestock (goats and sheep). Where vulnerability is higher the
process of liquidation is extended to more important assets (cattle,
bicycles, jewelry), and alternatives are sought such as daily wage
labor often away from the community and at the expense of their
own production, and intensive and unsustainable harvesting of wild
resources, such as selling firewood or charcoal. Other strategies include
remittances from relatives, borrowing from local merchants (often at
very high rates of interest), and more or less permanent migration of
younger people in search of employment elsewhere. Depending upon
the degree of vulnerability, various forms of intervention are possible.
The best is to find ways of strengthening local people’s own coping
strategies, and help minimize losses of wealth and productive assets

and overall, supporting communities to build their own resilience.
This study, while highlighting the degree of climate vulnerability
and responsive coping strategies, suggests that without significant
adaptation efforts, the negative effects of climate change will
undermine years of development assistance and asset accumulation in
rural Malawi. This will in turn threaten macro- and micro-economic
stability, socio-economic development, and achievement of the SDGs
as well as the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy (MDGS).
Keywords: Climate Change, Coping Mechanisms, Strategic Management
Exploring the Influence of Conflict in Communities

on Progress: A Historical Perspective
Kartika Saharan
PhD Scholar, G D Goenka University
abstract
The opening years of the eighteenth century were marked by the

transition in power from the Mughal suzerainty to the British
paramountcy having a widespread political, economic and social
impact on all regions of the subcontinent. The political space
created during the intervening years aided the emergence of many
regional kingdoms such as Alwar, Awadh, Bengal and Hyderabad.
Communities experienced changes and rearrangements in power had
a long-lasting impact on their social standing in the region. There
have been studies on the economy and administration of medieval
Rajasthan but political transfer at the local level in Jaipur territories
finds a nebulous mention. It is in this respect, the present paper
makes an attempt to analyse the composition of the ruling class in
the eastern Rajputana state of Alwar in Mewat region and evaluate
the power notion emerging at the local level between the Meos
and the Narukas. During the early eighteenth century, the Meos
were marginalised as the power of the Narukas increased with an
increase in their zamindaris. Consequently, the Meos were pushed
to the fringes of the society which is also reflective in their position
during the contemporary times. Contemporary India faces numerous
such inter and intra community conflicts which not only creates
instability in the society but also acts as an impediment to growth.

The present paper draws from the historical times with reference to
the contemporary times and argues that it is important to examine
the internal and external conflicts of any community, its everlasting
impact on the progress of a community and the region as a whole.
Keywords: Alwar, Conflicts, Communities
Poverty, Inequality and Social Exclusion:

Nat Community in Bihar
Md Moshabbir Alam
Research Scholar, Centre for the Study of Comparative Religions
and Civilizations, Jamia Millia Islamia
abstract
This paper deals with understanding the conditions of Nat community

with respect to their poverty, inequality and social exclusion in
Paschim Champaran, Bihar. The methodology will be participant
observation and interview schedule. Nat, a nomad community is
primarily involved in singing, rope dancing and juggling. H. H. Risley
and R. V. Russell demonstrate that this marginalised community has
multiculturalism as an important aspect of their society. The conditions
of Marginalised sections in the wake of Globalisation have been
discussed in detail in recent years by Dr Davindera, Manjur Ali, R. C.
Swarankar, Ali Anwar and Linda E Lucas. However, these scholars
have not taken into account the condition of their marginalisation,
education and health belonging to Nat community in contemporary
times. This paper brings into discussion the aspects of their deprivation
of basic amenities, which leads the foundation of their backwardness
in the society. Historically, they are acrobat. They were traditionally
patronized by the Rajput rulers. Nats were especially invited at the
time of new born baby, marriage and on special occasions by the
Jagirdars. After a passage of time and due to some factors, these
skills have not been seen relevant to the contemporary society. This
community have slowly shifted from being mere entertainers and now
acts as labourer, rickshaw puller, contractual animal husbandry and
agricultural labourers. They are illiterate and no facility for health
care. Poverty makes them alienated from main stream society. Now,
they are socially excluded and compelled to live in the subsistence

way of life in Bihar. The enrolment ratio of Nat children is worst in
schools and Madrasa in Paschim Champaran. The miserable socio-
economic conditions faced by the Nat community on the one hand
and the religious and socio-cultural fabric of the upper caste people
do not want to see them empowered community.
Keywords: Community, Poverty, Inequality, Exclusion, Mechanical Solidarity
Coal versus Renewables in India: Analysing the

Ascending and the Entrenched in Energy Transition
Oliver Nelson Gonsalves
PhD Scholar, Energy Studies Programme,
abstract
Like several other countries, India too has jumped on the bandwagon
of transitioning its energy sector to decarbonise its economy and more
importantly, its urban spaces. India’s target of creating 175 gigawatts
(GW) in renewable energy capacity by 2022 is the world’s largest
such expansion. If India must make massive strides in the reduction of
its Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions it must take active measures to
decarbonise its fast expanding urban spaces through grid-connected
renewables. Another target – the doubling of coal output to 1 billion
million metric tonnes (MMT) by 2019, accompanied the 175 GW
target of 2015. Coal-fired plants comprise over 60 percent of India’s
total installed generation capacity in 2017. The incorporation of ‘clean
coal’ technologies, having improved efficiency rates, within Ultra Mega
Power Projects (UMPP) of 4,000 MW capacity also poses a serious
challenge to renewables. The evacuation of intermittent renewable
energy from the plant to the grid poses a challenge to the country’s
weak and overburdened power transmission system. The emphasis
on grid-connected renewables supplying large urban networks, in
a market faced with ‘over-capacity’, to attain international carbon
mitigation goals reveals a confusing scenario of the Indian power
system. More importantly, the renewable energy industry is heavily
dependent on incentives to become cost-competitive with coal. Such
an uncertain scenario for a nascent sector warrants its juxtaposition
with an entrenched industry. This paper shall attempt to illustrate the
same through a survey of the relevant literature along with limited

interviews.
Keywords: Energy, Transition, Climate Change, Coal and Renewables
Information and Communication Technologies

(ICTs) for efficient Irrigation Management of
Wheat Crop in Haryana
Priya Chetri1, Upasna Sharma2 and Vigneswara Ilavarasan3
Research Scholar, IIT Delhi
1
2
Assistant Professor, IIT Delhi
3
Associate Professor, IIT Delhi
abstract
The present paper examines whether information and communication

technologies (ICTs) and their access enable the farmers in better
irrigation management, using baseline data collected in rural
Haryana. Irrigated land has more productivity than rain-fed land,
but suffer from cost of irrigation and water availability fluctuations.
The decision when to irrigate field is critical for both productivity and
cost of cultivation. The weather conditions greatly influence farmers’
decisions to irrigate their fields. The updated weather information
is critical to farmers whose decisions to irrigate efficiently are
constrained by unequal or poor access to cheap irrigation resources.
Weather information enabled by ICTs can help farmers to adapt to
the changing and future weather patterns.
The study will use baseline data for a randomized control trial
experiment conducted in Haryana for a water intensive wheat crop
requiring frequent irrigations. A farmer ICT index, aggregating
indicators for farmers’ access to different ICT channels such as
TV, radio, computer, smartphone and internet, is developed to
conceptualize the farmer’s ICT ecosystem. The dependent variable
is created by comparing the actual irrigation dates for each farmer
with the recommended dates of irrigation in the advisories issued
by Haryana Agriculture University (HAU). A multinomial logit
regression approach is used to explore the link between farmer ICT
index and irrigation management controlling for various confounding
factors such as land-size, age, education etc.
A farmer better integrated into the ICT ecosystem is more likely

to have greater access to weather forecasts and agro-met advisories.
With this additional information farmer is better equipped to take
decisions regarding irrigation management. We hypothesized farmers
with higher ICT index are more likely to irrigate fields on advised
time. The study is important for its policy implications for greater
investment in spatial and temporal resolution of weather forecast and
promotion of ICT channels of communication which has broader
reach to all categories of farmers.
Keywords: Irrigation Management, Weather, ICT, Haryana
TRACK 4
PROGRESSIVE
PSYCHOLOGICAL
PRACTICES
Progressive Psychological Practices 41
A Correlational and Comparative Study

between Life Orientation and Well-Being
amongst Males and Females
Raskirat Kaur
Assistant Professor, Psychology, Chandigarh University, Gharaun, Punjab
abstract
‘Health is not just a disease-free body; it is when every cell in your

body is bouncing with joy’ – Sadhguru
Well being is not just being happy in life; it is a state of being healthy,
comfortable and healthy. In general terms, wellness is referred to
the condition of an individual. An individual high on well being is
considered to have a positive outlook which is indeed must needed
in the present scenario. Wellness refers to diverse and interconnected
dimensions of physical, mental, and social well-being that extend
beyond the traditional definition of health. It includes choices and
activities aimed at achieving physical vitality, mental alacrity, social
satisfaction, a sense of accomplishment, and personal fulfillment.
(Naci and Ioannidis, 2015). Life orientation encompasses a holistic
view of social, physical, emotional, spiritual and physical development
of an individual. The present correlation study will be an attempt to
find the correlation between wellbeing and life orientation and also
comparing both amongst males and females. The enhancements of
the following are also discussed.
Keywords: Wellbeing, Life Orientation, Gender
Pampering the Self: Agencies and Practices of

Self-Care in Neoliberal India
Isha Jha
PhD Research Scholar, School of Humanities & Social Sciences, Indian
Institute of Technology Mandi, HP
abstract
The underlying theme of the wide variety of advertisements that we

see all around us is of ‘wellness’. Genres of products that are properly
advertised and consumed by people from health drinks to food

products, from cosmetic products to automobiles are crafted around
the idea of wellness of body, mind and soul. People are seen buying
and consuming such products and assign meaning to the consumption
of these products. The shift in the agenda of advertisement from ‘need
base’ to ‘comfort, luxury and wellness’ focused on the enhancement
of one’s self is clearly visible. We need to explore how this cultural
market is developing, how people understand consumption of these
products, and how market pitches these public consumption deems
social scientific exploration. One may begin to ask: Can these images
simply be seen as consumer choices and consumption practices of the
middle class or are they symptomatic of some larger shifts in political
economy? Why are cultural artefacts believed to bring confidence
and positive vibrations in the everyday life of urbanites? Why do
advertising houses make a call for ‘return to nature’? What kind of
stress and strain that the urbanites go through? How has this focus on
the body and the self emerged? Is it because of the way in which the
market allures or misguides an individual or are there more concrete
reasons which have gone unnoticed?
Keywords: Self-care, Neo-liberalism, Wellness, Consumption, Middle Class
Consequences of Inadequate Sexual Awareness on

Child’s Development
Shweta Goenka
School Counsellor, M.A. counselling Psychology
abstract
This review based research paper tends to highlight an essential gap

between the parents and school in inculcating the culture of sexual
awareness. We live in a world where there still persists a stigma
in giving timely and age-appropriate sex education to children.
Specifically talking about India, most of the children, still sleep with
their parents even after the age of 6 or 7 years, and at times they get to
see the sexual activity that takes place between their parents. When/
if children ask about the kind of activity that took place between
their parents/guardian, they usually tend to avoid the discussion and
change the topic, consequently leading to myths and inappropriate
knowledge among keen children. What can be the cause for such a
situation? Do we think that children should be kept away from it as
it might lead to exploration and experimentation among them? Or
our society will not accept young children talking about the subject?
Or they will themselves get to know once they grow-up? Then what
is the right age of knowing?
What can a Child do in such a situation, where he/she wants to
know more about their body, activities which they have seen through
different sources, which others are not comfortable sharing. The child
feels helpless when nobody is available to give appropriate knowledge
to them, and hence indulges in seeking information from friends, TV,
Internet or direct exploration with other people and the like. Could it
be concluded from this paper that because of inadequate knowledge,
children engage in sexual behaviour with other children thinking it is
right, and ultimately leading to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) with other
children. When we say rape is the act of violence rather than sexual
gratification, then what is CSA by one child to another? Could it also
be concluded that when these children grow up and have enough
knowledge, they experience guilt and regret for what they did with
other individuals (children)? This paper highlights some of these
issues.
Keywords: Child Development, Sexual Education, Child Sexual Abuse
Emerging Trends in Educational Psychology

in Indian Perspective
Susmita Mondal
Research Scholar, Department of Education, Visva-Bharati,
Santiniketan, West Bengal
abstract
In Educational psychology, there are many trends, which effect

students’ behaviour. Teachers have to understand these trends which
influence the teaching and learning process. Emerging Trends in
Educational psychology are being supported in many ways by research
in laboratory and practical situations, it is incumbent on educators,
researchers and theorists to put them into practice throughout the field
of education. Presently, some important trends like Constructivism,

Student Diversity in Classroom, Out of school experiences etc. have
been included in the subject matters of educational psychology, which
deserve special mention. Significance of all these topics has immense
effect on teachers, researchers and educators. This paper discuss on
the different Emerging Trends in Educational psychology and their
influence on the educational and psycho-social field. This study
reveals that how the Emerging Trends in Educational psychology
are active in education today. An understanding of constructivist
teaching and learning and the theory that supports it can help
teachers to defend those important aspects of classroom. Diversity is
a means of achieving our educational and institutional goals. As such,
merely adding diverse people to a homogenous environment does not
automatically create a more welcoming and intellectually stimulating
campus. Long-term efforts, engagement and substantial attention are
essential for realizing the benefits that diversity has to offer and for
ensuring that all members of the academic community are respected,
listened to and valued. Student could differ tremendously in the
affective and social dimensions, which may directly or indirectly
impact on student’s academic performance. More thoughts should
be given to how to identify the needs, particularly related to student’s
social and personal qualities.
Keywords: Emerging Trends, Educational Psychology, Constructivism,
Diversity
Designing and Implementing a Music Intervention for

Primary School Students: A Pilot Study
Prakriti Nanda
MA Counselling Psychology, G.D. Goenka University
abstract
Children in low income communities are highly susceptible to

maltreatment as a direct consequence of inadequate parenting and
unsafe living environments which results in the development of low
self-esteem. The present study aims to facilitate the development of
children’s self-esteem in a school setting, for which a low budget music
intervention has been designed based on Carl Orff’s approach to
music education (Orff, 1950). The framework used for planning each
lesson combines the theoretical grounding of music education process
borrowed from the Orff approach (Orff, 1950), Maslow’s need
hierarchy (Maslow, 1943) and principles of humanistic psychology. A
low budget intervention has been proposed to promote applicability
in diverse settings. In a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest design
52 third and fourth graders, aged between 8 - 11 years, studying at
a government school in Delhi will be randomly assigned to either the
intervention group (students who are a part of nine music classes held
over a period of 6 weeks) or the control group (students who follow
regular school curriculum). Participants will be assessed on measures
of self-esteem and experienced affect. Feedback for improving the
intervention will be taken from participants and their teachers. The
present study will discuss initial findings of the effect of intervention
on the students and the researcher’s classroom observations.
Keywords: Self-Esteem, Music Intervention, Orff Approach, Affect, Children
Achievement Motivation among Entrance Exam

Aspirants and Non Aspirants
Dr Shipra Lavania
1
Associate Professor, Department of Psychology,
Govt. Meera Girls College, Udaipur.
2
Research Scholar, Department of Psychology, M.L.S.U. Udaipur
abstract
Motivation, a psychological feature can be defined as the direction

and intensity of one’s effort (Sage, 1977). Achievement motivation
is defined as a person’s effort to master a task, achieve excellence,
overcome obstacles, perform better than others and taking pride of
exercising talent (Murray, 1938). Achievement motivation influences
performance and participation with a standard of excellence. The
present study aims to compare level of achievement motivation
among entrance exam aspirants and non-aspirants. For this purpose
60 students were included in sample selected by purposive sampling
method (30 entrance exam aspirants and 30 non spirants) from
different coaching centers and schools of Udaipur city, Rajasthan. The
sample included both boys and girls between the age of 16 years to
20 years. Achievement motivation test by V.P. Bhargawa (2009) was

used to measure level of achievement motivation. Significant mean
difference was found between the two groups. Students appearing in
entrance exams were found to be having higher level of achievement
motivation in comparison to the students not appearing in entrance
exams.
Keywords: Achievement Motivation, Entrance Exam Aspirants
Comparative study of Self-Concept among Early and

Later Adolescent Males and Females
Dr. A.R. Lohia and Jyotsana Meghwal
1
Associate Professor, Dept. of Psychology,
Govt. M.G.College, Udaipur (Raj.)
2
Research Scholar, Dept. of Psychology, M.L.Sukhadia University,
Udaipur (Raj.)
abstract
Adolescent is the developmental stage where major changes took place.

In this stage of development there are many physical, psychological,
cognitive and emotional changes. One of the major aspects regarding
psychological change is Self- Concept. Acc. to Raimy (1943) Self-
concept is the map which each person consults in order to understand
him during the moments of crisis or choice. The term Self- Concept
in easy language we can say that it is to be aware of oneself and
what he perceives of himself in other’s eyes. The aim of this paper
is to compare and explore the effect of developmental stage (early
and later adolescent) and gender (male and female) on self-concept.
The sample size was 120 in which 60 early adolescents (age from
10- 14 yrs.) and 60 later adolescents (age from 15 to 19 yrs.) out of
which 30 male and 30 female respectively. Test used was Children’s
Self-concept scale by Dr. S.P.Ahluwalia and Dr. HariShankar Singh.
The mean, SD and t value were calculated. The result indicated that
later adolescent were found to have more self-concept compared to
the early adolescent and females were more aware about oneself as
compare to males.
Keywords: Self-Concept, Adolescents, Early Adolescent, Later Adolescent,
Gender
Depression and Loneliness among the Elderly: A

Study of Old Age Homes in Dehradun
Kanchan Sethi
1
Student, B.A. Psychology (H) Department of Psychology,
Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology,
Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun
abstract
Old age is marked by weakening body and deteriorating health. It

is an inevitable phase of life which is dependent on others to fulfil
their social and emotional needs. Numerous cases have been reported
where the old age people have not been treated well by their family,
they lack close family attachment and where the children abandon
their parents. In such situations old age homes play an important
role. The old age homes show sorry statistics, where the number of
residents are increasing every year. With growing number of residents
and challenged infrastructure available to deal with the problems
of the senile, the psychological well-being of such people is effected
leading to depression and loneliness. The present study was conducted
to explore the relationship between depression and loneliness in
elderly people staying in the old age homes of Dehradun. The sample
comprised of sixty old aged (60-90 years) people (men and women)
living in old age homes. The tools used were Beck Depression
Inventory (Beck et al., 1961) and UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell et
al., 1978). The results of the study were found to be significant.
Keywords: Elderly, Old age homes, Depression, Loneliness, Dehradun
Predictors of Procrastination: A Critical Review of

the Cognitive Factors
Rohini Singal
BA (H.) Psychology, G.D. Goenka University
abstract
Academic Procrastination is defined as a pervasive tendency and

permanent desire to postpone academic activities, accompanied
by anxiety regarding the delay. It involves a complex interaction
of cognitive, behavioural, and affective components (Solomon and

Rothblum, 1984). This review focuses on the causal factors of academic
procrastination and evaluates studies to narrow down cognitive
predictors of procrastination. Earlier trends in Procrastination research
focused on personality factors, e.g. conscientiousness as a mediator
of procrastination (Lee, Kelly, and Edwards, 2005). A meta-analysis
conducted by Steel (2007) concluded ‘strong and consistent predictors
of procrastination’ were task aversiveness, conscientiousness and
self-control. Academic procrastination can be viewed as a failure of
self-regulation (Kandemir, 2014; Asri et al., 2017). Another strong
factor for variance in academic procrastination was found to be ‘Task
Aversiveness’ (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984). Both task aversiveness
and lack of self-regulation are impacted by the executive function i.e.
the cognitive processes that govern ‘goal-directed action’ and ‘adaptive
responses’ to situations (Hughes et al., 2005) Basic facets of executive
functioning subserve self-regulation (Hoffman et al, 2012). Pychyl
(2000) highlighted the emotional aspect of task-aversion and failure
to regulate self, focusing on participants’ appraisal of the tasks. An
appraisal based view of Emotion Regulation is encapsulated by the
theory of Cognitive Emotion Regulation which was found to have a
significant role in coping strategies for emotional problems (Garnefski
et al, 2000). The link between Executive Function and Emotion
Regulation has also been established by Sudikoff et al (2015) who
found ‘greater proficiency in executive functioning skills was associated
with greater emotion regulation capabilities’. Hence, the research
question that emerges is, ‘Can the processes of Executive Function
and Cognitive Emotion Regulation predict levels of Procrastination
in Students?’
Keywords: Academic Procrastination, Self-Regulation, Executive Function,
Cognitive Emotion Regulation
A Comparative Study of Emotional Intelligence

amongst Males and Females of Various Sports Domains
Hempreet Kaur
Assistant Professor, Physical Education, Chandigarh University,
Gharaun, Punjab
E-mail- [email protected]
abstracts
Emotional intelligence, in itself is a self-explanatory concept but

there is still a majority of population that does not understand its
real meaning. Emotional intelligence does not just understand
our emotions, there is a lot more than this, it is in relation to the
concept of awareness in emotional stability of oneself. It is handle
interpersonal relation judiciously and empathetically. Emotional
Intelligence (EQ or EI) is a term created by two researchers – Peter
Salavoy and John Mayer – and popularized by Dan Goleman. In
practical terms, this means being aware that emotions can drive our
behavior and impact people (positively and negatively), and learning
how to manage those emotions – both our own and others – especially
when we are under pressure. For years we have marveled at how the
great athletes are able to ‘switch themselves on’ to create amazing
performances with incredible consistency. We would describe them as
being composed, mentally tough, having the right psychology, a great
sports mind, emotionally controlled or simply determined or focused.
The current paper aims to conduct a comparative study under the
criteria of gender differences.
Keywords: Emotions, Emotional Intelligence, Sports, Psychology
Soaking in Theatre, Knowing, Expressing

and Repairing
Dr. Sarita Mathur
Associate Professor, Department of Psychology,
Meera Girls College, Udaipur
abstracts
When I tell, I discover, when I act, I liberate.

There are an estimated 450 million people worldwide with mental
disorders and about 75% of them live in developing countries, where
insecurity, illiteracy, poverty, and violence increase the prevalence

of mental illness. There is the widespread ignorance within society
about mental health, which often results in human rights abuses and
stigma against people with mental illness. Physical health problems
and addictions are also associated with mental health problems.
Internal migration is a matter of great importance in Low and Middle
Income Countries (LMIC). Shrinking agriculture in rural areas and
industrialization and increasing urbanization leads to ever increasing
numbers of internal migrants seeking livelihoods in the cities.
Community bonding and communication can help in mitigating
the mental disorders in a big way. The submission here stresses on
the need of storytelling and manageable theatrical intervention to
trigger unlocking of closed loops that leads to anxieties, depression,
addictions, substance abuse. Indian culture is complex set of class
and caste structures but rich in its mythological bearings. Easy, simple
and comprehensive content can be developed and modulated into
visible arts, storytelling through the art and craft of theatre. A key
strength of theatre is its capacity to develop narratives capturing,
but also powerfully communicating, the whole spectrum of health
experiences – exploring not only the crises in people’s lives but also
asking and answering ‘what is the beautiful?’ in people’s lives (beauty
can be a key source of meaning and resilience). Our aim would be to
examine the opportunities presented by theatre practice for exploring
and developing resilience at both personal and community level for
distressed individual and communities who are marginalised and
struggling to meet their basic needs with very little public health
support for health and wellbeing.
Keywords: Theater, Expressions and Well-being, Marginalized
The Perceived Parental Moral Socialization Scale for

Youth: A Validation Study
Soorya Sunil
Research Scholar, Department of Psychology, University of Delhi
abstracts
This study reports the development and validation of the Perceived

Parental Moral Socialization Scale (PPMS). This instrument is
developed to assess the degree to which the various moral socialization

techniques are used by parents throughout the lives of the participants
and is useful for educators and institutions who seek to study
the influence of parents on the moral development of youth. This
instrument was administered as a validation study on a sample of 176
college students doing bachelors and masters in different universities.
After the reliability and the validity analysis was conducted, 4
subscales were identified: Reasoning, Moral discussions, Trust and
confidence and Knowledge on the execution of moral behavior and
the Cronbach alpha level was indicated to be that of 0.95. These
results indicate that PPMS is strong enough to be used for research
purposes of various institution seeking to promote the well being of
youth and community engagement.
Keywords: Perceived Parental Moral Socialization Scale, Moral Identity,
Parenting, Moral Value Socialization
TRACK 5
SOCIAL SYSTEMS
Social Systems 55
Assamese Nationalism, Identity and the Role of

Globalisation: A Sociological Analysis
Jeuty Thakur
Ph.D. Scholar, Centre for the Study of Social Systems,
School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University
abstract
For an interested observer, the northeastern state of Assam in India

brings up interesting insights on the issue of identity and the anxieties
it can evoke. Since the British period, the Assamese have attempted to
consolidate their own identity through the development of language
and culture. Globalisation opens up the possibility of the movement
of people both between countries as well as within them. In the early
era of nationalism, it was the nationalist idea that travelled far more
than people, whereas the broadening of the horizons of aspirations
nowadays means that people travel to fulfil their aspirations for a
better life. In the era of globalisation, the nexus between the global-
nation-region becomes important, linking the local to the global. For
Saskia Sassen, the subnational is an important site for globalisation.
In today’s world, when so many people have moved outside the
region of Assam, it is important to understand the importance of
living without borders and yet sustaining one’s sense of rootedness
to a culture, making the idea of transnationalism gain significance. In
a globalised era where ideas of multiculturalism and borderlessness
prevail, the Assamese aspires to reach out to the world to form a
more developed and inclusive identity. There is an attempt to achieve
wider integration while maintaining one’s own distinct identity.
Arguing that identity as a phenomenon is inherently fluid with
negotiable boundaries, this paper seeks to analyse how the politics
of identity pans out in the multi-ethnic society of Assam. Looking at
globalisation as a phenomenon that makes possible the movement of
both people and ideas, the paper also intends to analyse the influence
of globalisation in the shifts in imagination of identity, nationalism
and subnationalism among the people of Assam.
Keywords: Identity; Globalisation; Nationalism; Assam; Subnational
Politics
Dilemmas within the Discourse of Ethics

Dr. Bhaskarjit Neog
Assistant Professor, Centre for Philosophy,
abstract
The discourse of ethics is riddled with numerous intractable

dilemmas. Such dilemmas often reveal the painful stories of our
ethical living. Take the following two examples – Jean Paul Sartre’s
Existentialism and Humanism: Sartre talks about a student’s moral
situation whose brother was killed in the 1940 German offensive.
The poor student wants to take revenge for his brother’s death
and fight against the enemies of his nation. But unfortunately he
could not go out as his mother was bed-ridden and he was her only
consolation in life. The then student faces a deep moral trouble.
He was torn between two kinds of choices: one that is limited in
scope but with certain efficacy, i.e. being there with his mother to
take care of her health and the other somewhat opaque as his being
there in the battle ground would not necessarily ensure the enemy’s
defeat. But both the choices are equally morally compelling for
him. Shakespeare’s ‘Measure for Measure’: Angelo takes over the
government of the city and immediately condemns to death one of
his subject, Claudio, for the crime of lechery. Isabella, Claudio’s
sister, goes to plead for her brother’s life. She is a devout worshiper
and nun. Angelo tells her that he will free her brother only on the
condition that he will sleep with her. As a sister and one devoted to
her family, Isabella believes that she must do what is in her power to
save her brother’s life. However, as a nun she is morally committed
to preserve her virginity. So, whatever she does, she believes that she
will be doing something wrong. What is common in both the cases,
and for that matter any other cases of their kind, is the conflict
between two equally powerful ‘ought’ claims or requirements. In
such cases, an agent regards herself as being morally obliged to do
each of two different actions, but cannot do both. It is a conflict
between two equally relevant moral actions which the agent can
(morally) neither adopt nor ignore. This paper intends to closely
look at the genuineness of these moral dilemmas and their impacts
in our ordinary moral life. Acknowledging their incommensurable
Social Systems 57
power, the paper some of their implications to our ethical theory

building process.
Keywords: Morality, Ethical Dilemma, Moral Requirement, Duty,
Incommensurability
Tea Plantation Labour: A Socio-Historical Profile of

Mappila Muslims in North Wayanad, Kerala
Najeeb V R
PhD Research Scholar, Centre for Study of Social Systems,
abstract
This paper explores the socio-historical profile of tea plantation

workers in North Wayanad, Kerala. An attempt has been made to
understand the migration of Mappila Muslim workers to the North
Wayanad tea plantations at different times, the various factors
that accelerated the migration, as well as the socio-cultural issues
connected to the lives of plantation workers. The paper is based
on field work conducted in 2016, in three tea plantation villages of
North Wayanad, a region that has seen a concentration of plantations
since the colonial period. Interviews were conducted with workers
belonging to different religions and both genders, as well with
forest and plantation officials. To understand certain practices of
the Mappila Muslims, the researcher also participated in different
religious activities of the Mappila plantation workers. Furthermore,
information on the history of tea plantations as well as the migration
pattern of Mappila Muslims was collected from various archives. The
paper would argue that while on the one hand the Mappilas engaged
with the modern structures of power to overcome their backwardness
and situations of poverty, on the other hand they continued to be
deeply entrenched in their traditional cultural practices. It is also
clear that the Mappilas were able ultimately to organize against the
exploitative nature of colonial tea plantations as a result of keeping
their religious identity and cultural practices intact. This paper has
four parts: the first provides a brief introduction to the history and the
emergence of tea plantations in North Wayanad; the second discusses
the Mappila Muslims migration to the tea plantations; the third
focuses on socio-cultural practices of the migrant Mappila workers in
the North Wayanad tea plantations; and the last part presents some
conclusions.
Keywords: Tea Plantation, Migration, Mappila Muslims, Labour, North-
Wayanad
‘Gender Perspective’ in
Pre-natal Sex Selection in India
Dr. Manasi Mishra
Head, Research & Knowledge Management,
Centre for Social Research (CSR), Vasant Kunj
abstract
Prenatal sex selection is one of the leading causes in India for a

serious decline in the number of girls under the age of seven which
is a matter of great concern to Indian society. Prenatal sex selection
and resulting demographic sex imbalances are reflections of gender
inequity and have led to widespread concern among human rights
activists, researchers, and policymakers. According to a study by The
Lancet, sex selection claims up to 500,000 female fetuses in India
every year. Since ultrasound machines were first introduced into India
in 1979, an estimated ten million female fetuses have been aborted’.
India witnessed declining child sex ratio since the Census 1981
onwards after the introduction of ultra-sonography and propagation
of small family norms. Though there is no clear correlation between
the availability of ultrasound and its use in sex selection as suggested
by Ganatra, the affluent States like Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat and
Delhi witness a lower sex ratio defying the theories of many scholars
who postulated that an increase in economic prosperity leads to
decreasing gender disparity. With the new regime in India in 2014
and the historic launch of the government programme ‘Beti Bachao
Beti Padhao’ in January 2015, though much hope and aspiration
have been generated in public sentiments regarding gender equality
and raising daughter’s worth through education, yet, their potential
is yet to be achieved. What is needed is a judicious review, timely
implementation and creating a positive atmosphere in and around of
women-friendly laws and legislations.
Keywords: Gender, Female Foeticide, Haryana, Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
Social Systems 59
Rethinking Progress in Global South:

Continuity and Contestations – Discourse of Social
Sciences and Humanities
Ahana Bhavya
Research Scholar, Symbiosis Law School, Pune
abstract
The present world sees a divide by an economic boundary in which

the North is the ‘have’ whereas the south becomes the ‘have-not’.
The present-day definition of development, a major factor in this
division however, has been determined by the north. Hence, the needs
of the others, jointly coined as the south, representing African, Latin
American and South Asian countries are not decided by them but
rather imposed on them. A major reason for the same is the global
top-down approach to development offered by the developed nations
to the rest, instead of a bottom-up method, building these countries
and community in a manner that focuses on their needs and addresses
their demands. The paradigm of development in the south, so far is
dictated by the needs of the north with the intention to maximize
profit in accordance to capitalist ideology. therefore, the development
and investments made in these countries act as a smokescreen for
the intentions of the north to invest in certain sectors, which will be
profitable only for them, making usage of the abundance of resources
– natural and human. This has led to creation of pockets of high
developed areas with wide gaping peripheries where the population
is repressed, with their needs being second to the interests of the
north causing much social unrest and conflict. This paper shall be
identifying the socio-geographical concepts responsible for this divide
and focusing on the effect of globalization in the south with respect to
changes in socio-dynamic structure of population.
Keywords: Global North-Global South, Development, Globalization
Reassessing Progress: A Study of Tripurari Sharma’s

Aadha Chand in the context of Globalization and
Displaced Identities
Bhawna Singh
Research Scholar, School of Humanities & Social Sciences,
Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University
abstract
The manifestation of globalization in the identity formation of the

youth in contemporary times presents the dream of a utopian society.
It projects a world brimming with a plethora of opportunities in terms
of employment and consequent development. However, such a system
has its own dystopic streaks as it results in disillusionment when
the inhabitants of society fail to cope with the rapid development
and displacement – a result of discontent which is a remnant of
globalization. Such a state of rapid globalization and its discontents
is captured by Aadha Chand, a Hindi play by playwright-director
Tripurari Sharma. This paper attempts to encapsulate Sharma’s
approach of reimagining the implications of progress in Indian society
in the context of Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) culture, more
commonly known as call centre culture. The dual life led by a call
centre employee involves his/her origin and a virtual life involving an
artificial accent and mannerism which makes it difficult to adjust to
the real world. The characters appear to the spectator as diminutions
caught in the web of a larger corporate giant in the globalised world.
In this play, the incomplete quest for acquiring the Moon presents a
metaphor for the youth lost to the mirage of a flourishing economy
and growth opportunities caused by globalization. The paper
seeks to analyze the dystopic impulses inherent in BPO culture in
Indian context and assess the effect of the same on contemporary
urban Indian society riddled with issues of migration, identity crisis,
urbanization, displacement and inequality.
Keywords: Globalization, Call Centre Culture, Urbanization, Displacement,
Identity Crisis
Social Systems 61
Disability and Intersectionality:

A Sociological Analysis
Bijaya Kumar Sahoo
Research Scholar, Department of sociology
University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli
abstract
Being an internally diversified category, the people having one or

multiple forms of impairment experience discriminations in the social,
cultural, economic and other sectors of the society. The prevailing
dominant body ideology, derogative outlook towards disability,
inaccessible physical environments as well as the stereotypical notion
of the society dominated by stigmas appear as obstacles which
prevent the Person with Disabilities (PWDs henceforth) to be a part
of the mainstream. Though every disable person faces some or other
kind of discrimination in their social, cultural and economic life, the
women having one or multiple form of impairment faced many form
of discrimination in the society. The prevailing dominant patriarchal
culture as well as cultural taboos forced the women to be victimized.
Concentrating all the above problems this paper intends to highlight
the core arguments justifying the multiple forms of discrimination
faced by the women having single or multiple types of impairment in
the society.
Keywords: Discrimination, Impairment, Disability, Stereotype, Stigma
Patterns in Urbanization and Globalization

in Uttrakhand
Charu Gupta1, Chhavi Tayal1 and Dr. Anugrah Rohini2
1
Student at Graphic Era University
2
Assistant Professor at Graphic Era University
abstract
The study is an empirical analysis to ascertain the pattern of migration

and urbanization in Uttarakhand. The research brings out vindication
that influences the migration of the individuals from the hilly areas
to the plains. It is found that diversification of workforce from the
primary sector to the service sector has also gained a consistent
growth in the last few years. Poor infrastructure, low job and income
generating opportunities also stimulate the migration. With the help of
a questionnaire a report was conducted by personal interaction with
the people to comprehend the root cause of migration. Agriculture
is largely low paid sector with huge incidence of underemployment
in terms of disguised labour and unutilized time. Industrial activity
is highly skewed in the state of Uttarakhand, as most industries are
located in the plain districts and hill districts are exempted of any
major industry. Industrial base in the hill region is very low, large
industries cannot be set up due to lack of economies of scale and
infrastructural constraints. Also, ecological formations do not permit
for a large industrial set up in the region. The study concludes that the
high rate of rural-urban migration is driven by the various forces such
as poor socioeconomic conditions, lack of facilities, poor education,
unemployment, poor livelihood and fewer opportunities. The study
will draw the culmination of policy making to devise policies which
would be beneficial and cooperative for the rural population of
Uttrakhand which would lead to economic growth.
Keywords: Urbanization, Migration, Opportunities, Infrastructure,
Underemployment
Narrative of Progress in Democracy:

Analysing Civics Textbooks
Garima Rath
MPhil Research Scholar, CSSS, Jawaharlal Nehru University
abstract
Education has always been a site of politics. It is an arena of

contestations where there is a constant struggle for adequate and
balanced representation for e.g. reservation, proper schooling
conditions, or curriculum. Social science research has plethora of
works that deal with idea of curriculum by looking at textbooks
and the content covered in these books. This paper attempts to do
a proper scrutiny of civics textbooks of two different educational
boards by comparing CBSE and Odisha Board civics textbooks of
class IX-X. Through the comparative analysis, this paper will attempt
to highlight how narrative of ‘progress’ and ‘development’ are
Social Systems 63
developed in teaching about democracy and how it differs according

to different educational boards. The paper aims to bring to the fore
the relationship between ideology and education and attempts to
highlight that the understanding of progress is therefore contingent
upon the ideology that an educational board adheres to. Civics,
generally regarded as citizenship education was established in school
curriculum to make students aware about Government and its policies
and hence make them work for the development and progress of the
country by making them ‘responsible’ citizens. This paper analyses
how present day civics curriculum manages to achieve this and how
‘progress’ is embedded with idea of a loyal, obedient and responsible
citizenry.
Keywords: Sociology of Education, Text Books, Civics, Progress, Democracy
Eurocentricism and the Global South:

Postcolonial Perspective
Aastha Bhardwaj
Student of English (Honours), GD Goenka University
abstract
As countries in the global south work hard towards progress, there

are deep roots of eurocentricism established as a prerequisite to
accept and acknowledge that progress by the West. ‘Eurocentricism’
is a term coined by Samir Amin, an Egyptian economist, who believes
that viewing Europe as a historical center of the world, with its
dominant contributions to capitalism as an exception, is an error in
judgment. As ‘progress’ is currently being observed through the eye
of monetary achievement in the global south, the need to challenge
the etymology of the term through a eurocentric perspective increases
exponentially. Development in the countries of the global south should
be viewed through a cultural lens with a local focus, independent
to the consequences of postcolonialism. As postcolonialism has
heavily influenced the track of development in almost all fields of a
growing economy, along with influencing non-applicable ideas and
expectations of success, the evident differences present in a growing
economy is the enormous gap in class structures. Although it is
necessary to observe progress in developed countries in order to learn
new ways to tackle problems, it is equally important to acknowledge

oppression in terms of superiority in advancement. Therefore, this
paper will majorly attempt to analyze and apply Samir Amin’s
views on eurocentricism and related theories, namely, imperialism,
globalization, dependency theory, unequal development and under
development, to the countries of the global south. It will challenge
the ways to perceive and acknowledge eurocentricism as a politically
correct term, through observing its influence on the countries of the
global south. Furthermore, it will attempt to realize ways in which
eurocentricism can be neutralized and suspended as a reference point
during the observation of development in growing economies.
Keywords: Eurocentricism, Post Colonialism, Global South, Samir Amin,
Capitalism
The Blue Whale Challenge and Durkheimian Suicide

Perspective: In 21st Century Indian Scenario
Satish Kumar Shukla1 and Dr. Anirban Mukherjee2
1
PhD Scholar, 2 Assistant Professor
Department of Social Sciences and Humanities
Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology (RGIPT),
Jais, Uttar Pradesh
abstract
We are living in a world characterized by technological advancement

and change. Recently there has been a surge in the suicide rates among
the teenagers and children across the world and is often attributed
to the ‘Blue Whale Game’. This online game was invented by Philip
Budeikin and he justified the self-mutilating nature of the game as an
act of cleansing the biological waste of society. India has not been
immune from the attack of Blue Whale Challenge suicide and there
has been instances of such suicides or suicide attempts in the cities of
Mumbai, Kerala Kolkata, and Thirranthapuram, Madurai, Gujarat,
Panchkula, Hamirpur (UP) etc. Interesting, French Sociologist Emile
Durkheim in his pioneering work ‘Suicide’ (1897) established that the
act of suicide should not be dismissed as acts of individual whims but
understood as a social phenomena. In fact, he explained differential
suicide rates among people through the variables of social integration
and regulation. Durkheim established four forms of suicide namely,
Social Systems 65
Egoistic Suicide, Altruistic Suicide, Anomic Suicide, Fatalistic Suicide.

This paper attempts to analyse the applicability of Durkheimian
perspective on suicide in the twenty first century by attempting to
explain various cause of Blue Whale suicides/ suicide attempts in
India.
Keywords: Blue-Whale Challenge Game, Science-Technology, Suicide
Making Sense of Opinion Culture in

Television News Media
Sudeshna Devi
PhD Candidate, Center for the Study of Social Systems,
abstract
Indian broadcast media has witnessed gigantic growth in the last two
decades. Challenging the age –old monopoly of the state broadcaster
Doordarshan, many private news channels both at the regional and
national level have mushroomed resulting in an overcrowded media
market. Along with the rapid increase in numbers, the ever changing
content in news channels paves the way for more research. Within
this background, an inquiry into the predominately growing opinion/
views culture in prime time programming is the need of the hour.
News channels are seen as setting agendas for public discourse. The
prime-time slot in news channels is increasingly being dominated by
opinion/views based shows. Night after night, news channels across
the country start debating and deliberating on a range of social,
political, cultural issues. The main stories that evolve through the
day become the talking points at night. Delineating the reasons, the
nature and the likely impact of such views culture furthers our domain
of research on Indian media. This paper enters this territory and
through a series of semi-structured with journalists associated with
broadcast, print and digital formats of news production, attempts
to make sense of the voices that provide an understanding of this
opinion/view culture.
Keywords: News Channels, Opinion, Agenda-setting, Content Policy,
Television Rating Points
The Construction of Knowledge From The South:

The ‘Sumak Kawsay’1 as a Model of Development for
2
the World
Int. Juan Fernando Larco Guevara (Ecuadorian)
Global Studies Programme (M.A. in Social Sciences)
Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg (Germany) University of Cape Town
(South Africa) Jawaharlal Nehru University
abstract
This article explores the idea of Sumak kawsay as a response from

the South to the ideas around development and economics politics
of the North. At first I start by conceptualizing Sumak Kawsay, an
indigenous principle that has being translated into Spanish ‘Buen
Vivir’ and English ‘Well-Being’, and give some examples on how
academia in different languages like German, French and English are
engaging with this concept and the importance of an integral ‘Well-
Being’. But before is important to denote the important role that the
sumak kawsay plays in the Global South. There is a shift in public
policy, economic policy and international policy in countries like
Bolivia, Brazil and Ecuador that follows the sumak kawsay principle.
This change in the political sphere and in the academia discussion is
a re-appropriation of space through indigenous knowledge – cultural
values – that may allow the reader to respond the next question: is
there an attempt from the South to re-conceptualize development
with root values?
The sumak kawsay is a recognized principle in the cosmovision of
the Latin American indigenous people, that in each culture - Mapuche,
Guarani, Gunas, Achuar, Maya, etc - is spelled differently but have the
same meaning, the construction of a society with community values,
in an environment where individuals are the main actors, thinking in
community and in the achieve of happiness; Within this principle the
1
The Sumak Kawsay is an indigenous principle that seeks the construction of
‘Buen Vivir’ or ‘Vivir Bien’ (Well being) in terms of society.
2
When we talk about inequities, whether these are cultural, economic, social
or political, it is necessary to ask what was that take us to this point, although the
objective is not to point who is guilty o to criticize systems, it is important to start
from this question to understand the need to present a Perspective from the south,
built on a historical reality that claims its place in the construction of new models to
reduce this gaps worldwide.
Social Systems 67
respect to nature, ecosystems and the human being as an end and not
an object are core values.
Keywords: Identity, Latino/A Sociology, Integration, Well-Being, Cultural
Processes
Legitimisation of Racism in Popular Culture:

A Case Study of Bollywood Songs
Ekta Sehrawat and Kumar Gandharv
School of Humanities and Social Sciences, GD Goenka University
abstract
This paper will largely talk about how Bollywood songs legitimise
racism and how it is obsessed with fair skin. From ‘hum kale hain toh
kya hua dilwale hain’ released in 1965 to ‘tenu kala chashma jachda
hai gore mukhde pe’ released recently in 2017, Racism has been
institutionalized over time. The objective of this paper is to identify
racism in Bollywood songs; for example, ‘Gore Gore mukhde pe kala
kala chashma’ and many other popular hits of Bollywood perpetuating
racism.The methodology of this paper is content analysis. The paper
will talk about songs in Bollywood across time which are racist in
nature :- Haseena gori gori churaye dil mera, churake dil mera goriya
chali, white white face dekhe dil chance mare re, chittiyan kalaiyan
and many more.
The larger context of the paper is to discuss the impact of
Bollywood songs on people as the media or the popular culture is
one of the agents of socialization and therefore has a great impact
on people because if media itself will show or promote racism it’ll
obviously have a negative impact on people as the popular culture
intensifies racism this way. With Bolllywood’s massive popularity all
across India and on the Indian diaspora abroad, these songs have
huge impact on people across generations. As a result, it is significant
to deconstruct these songs through content analysis to demonstrate
how Bollywood intensifies racism as part of popular culture in India.
Lastly, songs epitomosing racism and preference for fair skin also
contributes to patriarchal stereotypes for women. To respond to this,
this paper will also discuss about gender-race interface.
Keywords: Bollywood, Media and popular culture, Racism, Patriarchy,
Gender, Race, Stereotypes, Content Analysis
Intersections of History and Identity: A Study of

Non-Sikh Religious Organization in Punjab
Gitanjali Atri
PhD Scholar, CSSS, Jawaharlal Nehru University
abstract
The sacred geography of Punjab has always been a complex reality

with multiple religions reigning the land at different points in history.
From once a Muslim majority state, various socio-political events
have changed its religious character to Sikh majority, as it is known
today. However, Sikhism itself is a new religion with its own share of
conflicts and contestations. From the period of Sikh gurus itself, there
ran multiple discourses of Sikh religious identity. The challengers to
the succession of gurus were seen as religious deviants, for not falling
in line with the recognition of Khalsa as the ultimate Sikh identity.
With them is identified the historicity of the modern day guru-led
religious organisations in Punjab, known as the ‘deras’ (Singh 2016;
Singh 2017; Singh 2009). There are two types of deras in Punjab –
Sikh deras and non-Sikh deras.The difference between the two types
is doctrinal. Many scholars have appropriated these deras as sects.
While the same may hold true for the Sikh deras in Punjab today,
classifying the non-Sikh deras as sects will be a misnomer, as pointed
out by Jodhka (2008). This study proposes to take this observation
further, and locate the non-Sikh dera spaces within the larger debates
of religious organisations and religious identity, using Divya Jyoti
Jagrati Sansthan, a non-Sikh dera as a point of reference.
Keywords: Religious Identity, Dera, Divya Jyoti Jagrati Sansthan
TRACK 6
TRENDS IN
TRAVEL AND TOURISM
Trends in Travel and Tourism 71
An Econometric Approach to Spillover Effects in

Tourism Demand: with Special Reference to the
Sikkim State of India
Dr. Akhilesh Kumar Singh
Assistant Professor, Central University of Sikkim
abstract
Tourism deliberated as a unification of social, economic, and

environmental activities. Nowadays tourism has become one of the
major economic activity and recorded the major role in the economic
growth of the country. Spillover effects, a frequently referred economic
term, include both positive and negative externalities resulting from
economic activity or processes that affect any element not directly
associated with the activity. In terms of tourism flows, the spillover
effects are common as well as, and this term refers to the indirect
or unintentional effects that a region’s tourism industry experts on
tourism flows to other regions. As a result, regions can obtain benefits
for local tourism development from their neighbours’ tourism
growth through the positive spillover effects. This study employe an
econometric model of tourism demand in a Sikkim State which aims
to improve its tourism potential.
Keywords: Spillover Effects; Tourism Demand; Econometric Model
Assessing the Dynamic Economic Impact of Tourism

for Mountain Tourism through Solow-growth Model
and GMM (Generalized Methods of Moments)
Dr. Danish Masoud
Department of Economics, HNB Garhwal Central University,
Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand
abstract
Tourism is a complex and economically growing sector in the developed

as well as in developing nation. It is recognized to be a key one for
many advanced economies, especially in the Indian subcontinent.
This study analyzing the tourism contribution to economic growth
of the areas located in the mountainous region through Solow
Growth Model. Economic growth in the mountain region always

considered as an important topic for a confab and globally dynamic
phenomenon. The aim of this research paper is thus to fill the above
gap in the literature and to establish the empirical link of the extent to
which the tourism industry can spur economic growth using standard
theory for a sample of mountain economies. Dynamic panel data
estimates i.e. GMM method to account for important dynamic issues.
In methodology and analysis, an augmented Solow-growth Model
which incorporates tourism as one of the sources of growth.
Keywords: Economic Growth; Mountain Tourism; Solow-Growth Model
Role of Virtual Media in Tourism Development with

Special Reference to India: Impact and Growth
Abhishek Kumar Maurya
Research Scholar, Centre for Mountain Tourism and Hospitality Studies,
HNB Garhwal (A Central) University
abstract
As we know that Tourism industry plays a pivotal role in social,

cultural, economic and international developments besides being
profitable in each country (Haley et al., 2005). Social media has
made revolutionary change in tourism industry leading to the new
generation of sightseeing called ‘Virtual Tourism’. In this way,
different aspects of impact on the development of Virtual Tourism,
introduced as the success key factors. Present study reviews the existing
developments related to the Virtual Tourism, Electronic Readiness
and Virtual Tourism Collaborative Networks as well as the study of
the valuable components in Virtual Tourism from Information and
Communication Technology viewpoint. The results show despite
current progresses in Information and Communication Technology
industry, Virtual Tourism needs much more investigations to establish
in developing country just like India. The need of the research is
therefore to find out the different impacts of virtual tourism which
have created through tourism development and to create an analytical
frame work to deal with it.
Keywords: Tourism, Pivotal, Virtual Tourism, Impacts, Technology,
Analytical Frame
Tourism Entrepreneurship Factor in Community-

Based Tourism Development in the Garhwal Region
of Uttarakhand: A Regression Analysis
Rakesh Kumar Dhodi, PhD1 and Rashmi Dhodi, PhD2
Assistant Professors, CMTHS, HNB Garhwal University (A Central
University), Srinagar Garhwal – Uttarakhand
abstract
In recent years, with the increasing development of tourism in

the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand state, nurtures the economic
development in the region and provides an opportunity to the mountain
communities to overcome with their economic glitches. Development
of Community-based tourism as a business in the region has brought
benefits to the mountain communities. It is also been responsible
for generating new ideas, modes of productions and socio-cultural
exchange. Tourism entrepreneurship factor for community-based
tourism development considered as a force of economic development,
as it provides growth, serves as a vehicle for innovation and changes
and requires community participation in tourism development
process in the region. It also provides host population with income
and employment, new career opportunities, and create markets for
traditional tourism products and handicrafts from mountain region.
The region offer possibilities to all kind of tourists such as adventure
tourists come for hiking, climbing or skiing. Pilgrimage tourists come
for Chota Char Dham yatra, Panch Kedar and for Panch Badri.
Others come simply to appreciate beautiful landscapes. In remote
valleys and on mountain peaks, many endemic plants invite visitors
to discover unique biodiversity. Those interested in cultural heritage
find compelling destinations along several trails and sites in the
Himalayas. This paper analyzes the rate of community involvement
as an entrepreneur in tourism-related business. This analysis will
be helpful to the different stakeholders for proper implementing
the tourism entrepreneurship policy and planning and for making
adequate preparations for community-based tourism growth.
Keywords: Tourism Entrepreneurship; Community-Based Tourism;
Regression Analysis
Infrastructural Development of Bhilangana Valley

with Reference to Tourism Resource Interpretation
Mr. Vaibhav Bhatt1, Dr. Rashmi Dhodi2 and Dr. Shivam3
1
Assistant Professor, AITT, Amity University, Noida, UP
Assistant Professor, CMTHS, HNB Garhwal University (A Central
2
University), Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand

3
Assistant Professor, Tourism, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana
abstract
The research paper aims to evaluate the role played by tourism resources
in the infrastructural development of the destination. The villages of
Bhilangana valley in Garhwal Himalayas have been selected for this
study. Total sample size of the population was 400 identified from
the study area. Field visit was conducted using quantitative methods
involving questionnaires and the survey was conducted among the
local people at various villages of Bhilangana valley. The study hopes
to provide holistic approach in tourism planning and practices.
Infrastructure facilitates the production of goods and services and
also the distribution of finished products to markets. It is because of
the physical infrastructure of India that most of the tourist places are
visited by tourists and pilgrims across the country. The root cause
of poor tourist growth in the Himalaya is the lack of infrastructure.
The region cries for the development of State of the art infrastructure
facilities to enhance the tourism business opportunities and help in
better management of the visitors than ever. The planning agencies
of the state need to work towards the creation and improvement
of tourist friendly infrastructure for better promotion, growth and
development of tourism in the region.
Keywords: Holistic Approach; Tourism Planning; Tourist Friendly
Infrastructure
Rethinking the Potentiality of Heritage Tourism in

India: An Analysis of Thematic Tourism Circuits and
Pilgrimage Sites
Dr. Chandni Sengupta
Assistant Professor, Department of History, Amity School of Liberal Arts,
Amity University, Haryana
abstract
Tourism has impacted the economic, social and cultural ethos of

regions with potentialities of tourism. This has made many countries
in the world take note of the impact of tourism and work out strategies
for marketing and promoting tourism with an integrated approach.
In recent years, the concept of heritage tourism has added a new
dimension to the already existing framework of tourism around the
globe. In countries, such as India, which provide ample opportunities
for promoting heritage tourism, this form of tourism has taken
centre-stage. India offers myriad avenues for promotion of tourism
due to a rich architectural landscape, combined with viable options
for pilgrimage and spiritual tourism. The Government of India has
worked out a broad framework for promoting tourism in the country.
The Ministry of Tourism has identified 13 thematic tourism circuits
under the Swadesh Darshan scheme. For promoting pilgrimage
tourism, 13 pilgrimage sites have been identifies under the National
Mission on Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual Augmentation
(PRASAD). The government has also been sanctioning substantial
sums of amount for the promotion of pilgrimage in various circuits.
There is a need to critically analyze the potentiality of heritage and
pilgrimage tourism in India because it has become the focal point as
far as tourism in the country in concerned.
Keywords: Heritage Tourism, Thematic Tourism, Heritage Sites

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iClass 2018

April 17–18, 2018

BLOOMSBURY, BLOOMSBURY INDIA and the Diana logo are

First published in 2018

Copyright © GD Goenka University, Gurugram, 2018

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or

Bloomsbury Publishing Plc does not have any control over,

Typeset by Fortune Graphics, New Delhi

Dr. Amrita Datta

Dr. Matthew Frank Barney

Dr. Arindam Banerjee

Prof. (Dr.) GJV Prasad

Prof. (Dr.) Nimit Chowdhary

He is a referred researcher in the field of tour leadership and has

Prof. (Dr.) Azizuddin Khan (IIT Bombay, Psychology)

Prof. (Dr.) V. Sujatha

Professor with many leading Universities such as Pompeu Fabra,

Keynote Speaker – Dr. Mathew Frank Barney

11. Role of Agricultural Production System in Green Economy:

TRACK 2: LITERATURE AND GLOBAL SOUTH

24. An Exploration of Male Narratives of Diaspora 25

TRACK 3: POLITICS OF THE GLOBAL SOUTH

TRACK 4: PROGRESSIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL PRACTICES

36. Emerging Trends in Educational Psychology in Indian

TRACK 5: SOCIAL SYSTEMS

49. Rethinking Progress in Global South: Continuity

TRACK 6: TRENDS IN TRAVEL AND TOURISM

61. Assessing the Dynamic Economic Impact of Tourism for

Progress, rather continuous progress is the

Prof. (Dr.) Shrihari

The concept of ‘Progress’ is very dynamic and at the

Dr. Tithi Bhatnagar

MOU WITH UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM

The term ‘Progress’ is imbued with plethora of possibilities. ‘Progress’

identity politics, religious conflicts, ethnic uprisings, inequality,

Track 1: Economic Perspectives

Track 2: Literature and Global South

Track 3: Politics of the Global South

• Civil Society, Socio-Political Transitions, Conflict

Track 4: Progressive Psychological Practices

Track 5: Social Systems

Track 6: Trends in Travel and Tourism

Urbanization and Migration: Achieving Millennium

Need Assessment of Green GDP for the

Uttarakhand is one of the fastest growing economies of India and is

Gender Wage Gap in Developing Nations

While India is a leading economy and at the forefront of innovation

Examining the Trade Prospects between India and

Rise of the Global South: An Analysis of South-South

The recent emergence of South-South Cooperation (S-SC) among

but also in the nation’s social, technical, political, cultural, and

Economic Development and

The relationship between economic development and environmental

growth and development. Like world economy, India faces various

Taming Inequalities in India:

India underwent a fundamental transformation from a state controlled

others. Thus, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) , even before it

Farm Size and Cost of Cultivation: Access to Inputs,

This paper is based on the baseline data collected for an experiment