MATH030 M1 Lesson 7 Systems of Linear Equations

COLLEGE ALGEBRA
MATH030
Excellence and Relevance

SYSTEMS OF LINEAR
EQUATIONS
MODULE 1 LESSON 7

SOLUTIONS TO LINEAR EQUATIONS
IN TWO VARIABLES
A system of linear equations is a collection of two or more linear
equations involving the same variables. A solution to a system of two
equations in two unknowns, x and y, is a pair of values (x, y) which
satisfy both equations.
Graphical Solution
1. Draw the graphs of the equations on one coordinate system.
2. Determine the coordinates of any point of intersection of the graphs;
these coordinates form a solution of the system.

SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
Solve graphically:
𝒙+𝒚=𝟑
𝟐𝒚 + 𝟔 = 𝒙
To easily graph using two points only, find the intercepts:

1st equation
Let 𝑦 = 0, then: 𝑥 + 0 = 3 ⇒ 𝑥 = 3 ; So, the 𝑥-intercept is (3, 0).
Let 𝑥 = 0, then: 0 + 𝑦 = 3 ⇒ 𝑦 = 3 ; So, the 𝑦-intercept is (0, 3).
2nd equation
Let 𝑦 = 0, then: (0) + 6 = 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑥 = 6 ; So, the 𝑥-intercept is (6, 0).
Let 𝑥 = 0, then: 2𝑦 + 6 = 0 ⇒ 𝑦 = −3 ; So, the 𝑦-intercept is (0, −3).

GRAPHICAL SOLUTION
𝑥+𝑦 =3

GRAPHICAL SOLUTION
2𝑦 + 6 = 𝑥
(4, −1)
The solution is (4,−1).

SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
Solve graphically:
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎𝒚 = 𝟏𝟖
3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 10

GRAPHICAL SOLUTION
There is no
solution since
12𝑥 + 20𝑦 = 18 the two
equations are
parallel to each
other.

SAMPLE PROBLEM 3
Solve graphically:
𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟐
𝟖𝒚 + 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟒
𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 2

GRAPHICAL SOLUTION
There is an
infinite number of
8y + 2𝑥 = 4 solutions because
the two linear
equations are one
and the same.

ALGEBRAIC SOLUTION
1. Obtain a single equation in just one unknown using any of the
following methods:
A. Elimination:
In each equation, multiply both members by a properly chosen
number, to obtain two equations where the coefficients of one
unknown has the same absolute value. Then, add or subtract
sides of the equations to eliminate one unknown.
B. Substitution:
Solve one equation for one unknown in terms of the other and
substitute the result in the other equation.
2. Solve for the unknown in the equation obtained from Step 1.
3. Substitute the preceding result in either of the given equations and
solve for the second unknown.
ALGEBRAIC SOLUTION
1st method: Solve by Elimination
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 8
5𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7
𝑇𝑜 𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑦:
3 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 8(3) 9𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 24
2 5𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7(2) + 10𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 14
19𝑥 + 0 = 38 19𝑥 = 38 𝒙=𝟐
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑦 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 2 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠:

3(2) − 2𝑦 = 8 6 − 2𝑦 = 8 −2𝑦 = 2 𝒚 = −𝟏

ALGEBRAIC SOLUTION
2nd method: Solve by Substitution
y + 2𝑥 = 8
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 2
𝑅𝑒𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟:
𝑦 + 2𝑥 = 8 𝑦 = 8 − 2𝑥
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒:

3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 2 3𝑥 + 2(8 − 2𝑥) = 2 3𝑥 + 16 − 4𝑥 = 2 −𝑥 = −14
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟒
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒:

𝑦 = 8 − 2𝑥 𝑦 = 8 − 2(14) 𝒚 = −𝟐𝟎

SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS
IN THREE UNKNOWNS
𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 7 *eq 1 (-) 3𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 6𝑧 = 21
2𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 6𝑧 = 6
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 2𝑧 *eq 2 𝑥 + 7𝑦 + 0 = 15 *eq 5
𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 3 *eq 3 Eliminate x using eq 4 and eq 5:
Eliminate z using eq 1 and eq 2: −𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 7
(+)
𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 7 𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 15
(-)
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 0 11𝑦 = 22
−𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 0 = 7 *eq 4 𝒚=𝟐
Eliminate z using eq 1 and eq 3: Substitute y = 2 in either eq 4 or eq 5:
3 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 7 𝑥 + 7 2 = 15 ; 𝒙 = 𝟏
Substitute y = 2 and x = 1 in either eq 1, 2 or 3:
2(𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 3) 2 1 − 3 2 = 2𝑧 ; 𝒛 = −𝟐

PRACTICE PROBLEMS
1. 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 4 , 4𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 7 𝑨𝒏𝒔: 𝒏𝒐 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
2. 5𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 1.97 , 4𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 0.4 𝑨𝒏𝒔: (𝟎. 𝟐𝟓, 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐)
3. 4𝑥 + 7𝑧 = −0.96 , 6𝑥 + 𝑧 = 0.27 𝑨𝒏𝒔: (𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟓, −𝟎. 𝟏𝟖)
4. 4𝑥 + 9𝑦 = 7 , 2𝑥 + 3 = 2𝑦 𝑨𝒏𝒔: (−𝟎. 𝟓, 𝟏)
3 5
5. 2
𝑦 − 5𝑥 = 5 , 7𝑥 −
2
𝑦+9=0 𝑨𝒏𝒔: (𝟎. 𝟓, 𝟓)

PRACTICE PROBLEMS
6. 9𝑦 − 5𝑥 = 3 𝑨𝒏𝒔: (𝟑, 𝟐, −𝟐)
𝑥+𝑧 =1
𝑧 + 2𝑦 = 2
7. 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 𝑧 = −1 𝑨𝒏𝒔: (𝟐, −𝟏, −𝟑)
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 + 1 = 0
𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 𝑧 = 2
8. 9𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 3 𝑨𝒏𝒔: (−𝟐, 𝟔, 𝟑)
𝑦 − 12𝑥 − 12𝑧 + 6 = 0
2𝑧 − 𝑦 − 2𝑥 = 4
END OF LESSON
Excellence and Relevance CREDITS TO: ENGR. FROILAN N. JIMENO II, ECE, ECT

MATH030 M1 Lesson 7 Systems of Linear Equations

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COLLEGE ALGEBRA

Excellence and Relevance

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To easily graph using two points only, find the intercepts:

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Excellence and Relevance

The solution is (4,−1).

Excellence and Relevance

Excellence and Relevance

Excellence and Relevance

Excellence and Relevance

Excellence and Relevance

19𝑥 + 0 = 38 19𝑥 = 38 𝒙=𝟐

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑦 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 2 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠:

Excellence and Relevance

𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒:

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒:

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2. 5𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 1.97 , 4𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 0.4 𝑨𝒏𝒔: (𝟎. 𝟐𝟓, 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐)

3. 4𝑥 + 7𝑧 = −0.96 , 6𝑥 + 𝑧 = 0.27 𝑨𝒏𝒔: (𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟓, −𝟎. 𝟏𝟖)

Excellence and Relevance

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