UNIT 7.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
A. VOCABULARY
Part of
No. Word Pronunciation Meaning
speech
1 Blast n /blɑːst/ Vụ nổ
2 /ˌkɑːbən daɪ
Carbon dioxide n Khí đi-ô-xít các-bon
ˈɒksaɪd/
Dấu chân các-bon (tổng lượng
khí nhà kính (trong đó chủ yếu
3 Carbon footprint n, phr /ˌkɑːbən ˈfʊtprɪnt/ là khí đi-ô-xít các-bon) thải
vào khí quyển bởi các hoạt
động cụ thể của con người)
4 Conservation n /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ Sự bảo tồn
5 Consumption n /kənˈsʌmpʃn/ Sự tiêu thụ
6 Coral n /ˈkɒrəl/ San hô
7 Dugong n /ˈduːɡɒŋ/ Cá cúi, bò biển
8 Ecosystem n /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ Hệ sinh thái
9 /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd Những loài có nguy có bị
Endangered species n, phr
ˈspiːʃiːz/ tuyệt chủng
10 Environmental adj /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ Thuộc về môi trường
11 Extinction n /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ Sự tuyệt chủng
12 Face v /feɪs/ Đối mặt
13 Habitat n /ˈhæbɪtæt/ Môi trường sống
14 Litter n, v /ˈlɪtər/ Rác, xả rác
15 Marine adj /mə'ri:n/ Thuộc hàng hải
16 Medicinal adj /məˈdɪsɪnl/ Dùng làm thuốc chữa bệnh
17 Mission n /ˈmɪʃn/ Sứ mệnh, nhiệm vụ
18 Oxygen n /ˈɒksɪdʒən/ Khí ô-xi
19 Participate v /pɑːrˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ Tham gia
20 Permit n, v /pərˈmɪt/ Sự cho phép, cho phép
21 Product n /ˈprɒdʌkt/ Sản phẩm
 22 Protect v /prəˈtekt/ Bảo vệ
23 Release v /rɪli:s/ Giải phóng, thải ra
24 Renewable source n, phr /rɪˈnjuːəbl sɔːrs/ Nguồn tái tạo
25 Resident n /rezɪdənt/ Người dân
26 Saola n /'saʊlə/ Kỳ lân châu Á
27 Single-use adj /ˌsɪŋɡl ˈjuːs/ Để sử dụng một lần
28 Slippery adj /ˈslɪpəri/ Trơn
29 Species n /ˈspiːʃiːz/ Giống, loài
30 Substance n /ˈsʌbstəns/ Chất
31 Tornado n /tɔːrˈneɪdəʊ/ Lốc xoáy
32 Toxic adj /ˈtɒksɪk/ Độc hại
33 Wildlife n /'waɪldlaɪf/ Động vật hoang dã
B. PRONUNCIATION
Phụ âm đôi bl (blank)
/bl/

Phụ âm đôi cl (cloud)

C. GRAMMAR
Complex sentences with adverb clauses of time (Câu phức chứa mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ
thời gian)
Câu phức bao gồm một mệnh đề độc lập (mệnh đề chính) và ít nhất một mệnh đề phụ thuộc:
- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ là mệnh đề phụ thuộc
- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian diễn tả thời điểm xảy ra sự việc nào đó và thường chứa các liên
từ nối thời gian đứng trước như: when (khi, vào lúc), while, as (trong khi), until / till (cho đến
khi), as soon as, once (ngay khi), before, by the time (trước khi), after (sau khi), as long as,
so long as (chừng nào, miễn là), since (từ khi)...
Example: I won’t leave until my friend arrives.
- Hai vế mệnh đề có thể hoán đổi vị trí cho nhau. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian có thể đứng
đầu hoặc cuối câu. Nếu mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian đứng ở đầu câu sẽ ngăn cách với mệnh
đề chính bằng dấu phẩy.
- Khi chia động từ, cần lưu ý mối liên hệ về thời giữa 2 vế mệnh đề. Thông thường 2 vế sẽ chia
cùng thời gian: quá khứ - quá khứ; hiện tại - hiện tại; hiện tại - tương lai
D. PRACTICE
A. PHONETICS
I. Fill in the blanks with bl or cl to complete the words.
1. The sky was __ue and __ean.
2. We need to esta__ish a __ear objective.
3. The __ast from the bomb __ew out all the windows.
4. They __aim that their new drug can control __ood pressure.
5. Pu__ic conviction about the increase of natural disasters has de__ined.
6. He is the best __ogger writing about global warming and __imate change.
7. They ex__uded people under 18 from joining volunteer __ubs.
8. The college authorities have made English __asses __oigatory.
9. We had various pro__ems on our journey, in__uding traffic jams.
10. __ouds of thick __ack smoke billowed from the car’s exhaust.
II. Underline the words having sound /bl/ or /kl/ in the sentences.
1. Environmental groups plan to raise public awareness about deforestation.
2. The convention established principles to save marine life.
3. They classify lizards as endangered species.
4. We could hear the birds clearly from our garden.
5. The locals clamoured to stop polluting the river.
6. Corals in oceans can be yellow, blue, or green.
7. The declaration asked authorities to protect the environment.
8. Many hunters keep the wild animals in closed cages.
9. The volcano unexpectedly blew up early in the morning.
10. We’ll try to widen the discussion to include environmental issues.
B. VOCABULARY
I. Name the pictures of greeting styles in the world. Use the phrases in the box.
1. plant a. endangered species
2. pick up b. trees
3. protect c. the lights
4. save d. our carbon footprint
5. build e. rubbish
6. turn off f. using single-use products
7. buy g. water
8. avoid h. littering
9. reduce i. green products
10. stop j. campfire
Answer:
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-
II. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
endangered littering air pollution plastic rubbish single-use
species
habitat ecosystem carbon carbon environment
dioxide footprint protection
1. __________________ is throwing garbage onto the ground instead of into a trash can.
2. A(n) __________________ is a type of organism that is threatened by extinction.
3. __________________ is the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other
organism.
4. A(n) __________________ is a biological community of interacting organisms and their
physical environment.
5. Energy conservation and __________________ are growing concerns in the world.
6. A(n) __________________ is an indicator that accounts for greenhouse gases emitted by
human activity.
7. __________________ is Earth’s most important greenhouse gas: a gas that absorbs and
radiates heat.
8. __________________ items are products designed to be used only once before they are
discarded.
9. Cars, trucks, buses, off-road vehicles and planes are all considered mobile sources of
____________.
10. __________________ such as plastic bag stays in the environment for many years after it
has been used.
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. We should not only ____________ more trees but also put much more effort into protecting
existing forests.
A. plant B. reduce C. stop D. cut down
2. Lead and aluminium are common ____________ that can be found in drinking water.
A. contamination B. contaminated C. contaminates D. contaminants
3. People all over the world are working to help save ____________ animals from extinction.
A. danger B. endangered C. dangerous D. dangerously
4. A(n) ____________ is the total amount of greenhouse gases that are generated by our
actions.
A. carbon footprint B. carbon dioxide C. global warming D. ecosystem
5. Some manufacturers offered incentives for return of batteries, so that they can
____________ or dispose of them safely.
A. waste B. dump C. recycle D. throw away
6. ____________ power is the use of wind energy to generate useful work.
A. Natural gas B. Coal C. Oil D. Wind
7. ____________ pollution is the contamination of bodies of water such as lakes, rivers,
oceans, and groundwater.
A. Water B. Air C. Soil D. Noise8. Around
8. Around 7 million ____________ of plants and animals exist on the Earth.
A. means B. classes C. styles D. species
9. Forest fires do not only ____________ in environmental damage but also huge costs in
extinguishing the fires.
A. contribute B. result C. lead D. create
10. Cars and trucks pump out thousands of tonnes of poisonous ____________ every year.
A. pollutants B. exhaust pipes C. fumes D. chemicals
IV. Supply the correct form of the word in the brackets.
1. ____________ species, if not protected, could eventually become extinct. (danger)
2. Is afforestation the best way to ____________ the environment? (conservation)
3. Instead of ____________ the entire garden, just water the plants that need it. (water)
4. Cuc Phuong ____________ Park is a famous tourist destination in Ninh Binh province.
(Nation)
5. Chemicals or particles in the air can ____________ the health of humans, animals, and
plants. (harmful)
6. It’s estimated that the global ____________ of the world’s ecosystem services equals $125
trillion annually. (valuable)
7. For many ____________, the world seems to be getting worse in their eyes. (environment)
8. Earth’s climate has remained continuously ____________ throughout 3 or 4 billion years.
(habitat)
9. There should be ____________ of volunteers and active participation of young people in
environmental protection. (encourage)
10. The five major air ____________ are carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides,
sulfur oxides, and airborne solid particles. (pollute)
C. GRAMMAR
I. Decide whether the underlined part is an independent clause (I) or a dependent clause
(D).
1. As soon as there’s smoke, I start feeling bad. _____
2. The traffic conditions worsen until they are repaired. _____
3. We’ll update this post on our social media as soon as we finish it. _____
4. Harry met an old friend while he was vacationing in California. _____
5. Will we be able to address climate change before it is too late? _____
6. A man is in a critical condition after he is struck by lightning. _____
7. Only run your dishwasher or washing machine when it’s full. _____
8. Carbon Is released back into the atmosphere when plants and animals die. _____
9. You can get really creative when it comes to conserving water. _____
10. The firefighters will keep on searching till they find the last victim. _____
II. Match the clauses.
1. There may have been life on Mars a. after the tree is cut down.
2. As soon as the temperature increases and b. before they release it to the environment?
is above 0oC,
3. Greenhouse gases trap some of the planet’s c. until it underwent climate change.
heat
4. Unplug power cords from the wall d. the ice begins to melt.
5. How much time do humans have e. after tornadoes and storms strike the South.
6. Some tree species aggressively sprout f. until global warming makes the planet
from the roots even unliveable?
7. Searches for victims continue a day g. until they are at risk of extinction.
8. A small action can make an enormous h. before it escapes into space.
difference
9. Do factories use filters to clean the air i. when millions of people do it.
10. Some species are not discovered j. when items aren’t in use.
Answer:
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. America says it ____________ until other countries ____________ more action.
A. won’t act - took B. won’t act – take
C. doesn’t act - will take D. acts - don’t take
2. ____________ you buy and use a plastic bag, ask yourself if you really need it.
A. Before B. When C. While D. After
3. ____________ the arrival of humans on Earth, species became extinct naturally.
A. Before B. Since C. After D. As soon as
4. ____________ my little cousin saw the tiger in the cage, he cried out.
A. Before B. Since C. When D. Until
5. As soon as we ____________ risks of climate change, we all ____________ together to fight
against them.
A. realize - worked B. realized - worked C. realized - work D. will realize – work
6. ____________ I get to school, I will show you my writing about the habitat of polar bear.
A. As soon as B. While C. Until D. Till
7. ____________ fossil fuels are burnt, they release large amounts of carbon dioxide into the
air.
A. Till B. Until C. Before D. When
8. Most species don’t receive protection ____________ their populations reduce to nearly zero.
A. as B. when C. before D. until
9. Until there ____________ heavy penalties for environmental violations, many factories
disposing pollutants into the air.
A. are - won’t stop B. will be - will stop
C. were - won’t stop D. are – stopped
10. The greenhouse effect ____________ after energy from the sun ____________ through the
earth’s atmosphere and ____________ its surface.
A. occurred - goes - heats B. occurs - went – heats
C. occurs - goes - heated D. occurs - goes - heats
IV. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting.
1. Solar energy needs to be converted into electricity after we can use it.
A. needs to be B. into C. after D. can use it
2. Will the climate still be in warming state after greenhouse emissions stopped?
A. still be B. warning C. after D. stopped
3. When a species of plants or animals are in danger of extinction, it is gradually disappearing.
A. When B. species C. are D. it
4. Who is responsible when climate change harms the world’s the poorest countries?
A. is B. when C. harms D. the poorest
5. When fossil fuels are burnt, they released greenhouse gases - mostly carbon dioxide.
A. When B. burnt C. released D. mostly
6. We will contact the people in charge and will get back to you as soon as we could.
A. will contact B. will get back C. as soon as D. could
7. You will need to know your carbon footprint after you start reducing it.
A. need to know B. after C. reducing D. it
8. Technology has a long way to go before it could make a large impact in the atmosphere.
A. has B. to go C. it could make D. in
9. As soon as the snow will melt, spring wildflowers push their way up through the leaf litter.
A. As soon as B. will melt C. push D. litter
10. Single-use plastic products are thrown away immediately until they have served their
purpose.
A. Single-use plasticB. away C. until D. their
D. SPEAKING
I. Rearrange the sentences to make a conversation.
___ Yes, it’s hot because it’s the beginning of summer.
___ That seems the logical things. I hope it will be better soon because we can’t live
healthily in this hot weather and the polluted environment. I can’t imagine how life on
Earth will look like in the next 100 years.
___ I think reducing pollution is not easy at all. Human life requires the producing of goods,
so natural resources are exploited to make products. Then waste will still be created and
people will pollute the environment again and again.
___ Well, it’s not easy, but it’s possible. Many countries are trying to recycle things and look
for new sources of energy. They also issue laws and have lots of programs to protect the
environment.
_1_ Do you find that it’s hotter these days?
___ How can recycling things and finding new sources of energy help to reduce pollution?
___ Yeah, it’s hard to imagine...
___ If people recycle more things, they will use fewer natural resources and there will be
less waste. New sources of energy can replace the using of fossil fuels which results in
most types of pollution.
___ Maybe you’re right because the earth’s temperature increases year by year. This won’t
stop until people can reduce all types of pollution which causes the global warming.
___ No, I mean this year is hotter than last year.
II. Match the sentences.
1. What does ecosystem mean? a. It’s “Save the environment: our work”.
2. Cars emitting black smoke should be b. But tomorrow may be even hotter.
banned.
3. What will you do with these pictures? c. They can save water, paper, electricity...
and don’t litter.
4. Today is the hottest day I’ve ever known. d. Terrible! It must be hundreds of them.
5. What is the name of your project? e. Banning isn’t the best way. A fine is more
appropriate.
6. What is the difference between f. It means a system of living organisms and
‘dangerous’ and ‘endangered’? their environment.
7. Is it true that polluted air is more g. Dangerous is full of danger while
dangerous than smoking? endangered is in danger, at risk.
8. I usually see people throw trash in the h. I would politely tell them not to do so if I
street, but I don’t know what to do then. were you.
9. How can children help to save the earth? i. I just know that both of them are
dangerous.
10. Look at the river! There are lots of dead j. I’ll use them for my presentation on Earth
fish. Day.
Answer:
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-
E. READING
I. Read the passage and decide whether the statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
Plastic bags cause many negative effects for US and the environment. No one knows exactly
how many bags are littering the planet, but researchers estimate that 500 billion are used
around the globe each year. It sounds interesting when we could get money in exchange for our
plastic trash.
This happens at a company called the Plastic Bank. The Bank creates social and environmental
impact in areas with high levels of poverty and plastic pollution by turning plastic waste into a
currency. By exchanging plastic for money, they can stop plastic from polluting the
environment and help people living in poverty to build their better future.
To do this, the Plastic Bank buy plastic waste at a high price so that they can encourage people
to collect it. People can exchange plastic waste for money, items, or services. Plastic collected
through the Bank is recycled and processed into new raw material feedstock, called Social
Plastic, which can be purchased by manufacturers to produce more environmentally and
socially ethical products. In this way, new opportunities are created for the world’s most
disadvantaged communities and recycling becomes dignified work.
1. ____ Researchers can know exactly how many plastic bags are littering the planet.
2. ____ People could get money in exchange for their plastic trash at a company called the
Plastic Bank.
3. ____ The Plastic Bank give money and plastic bags to the poor.
4. ____ The Plastic Bank has good effects on people and the environment.
5. ____ The Plastic Bank helps to stop plastic from polluting the environment.
6. ____ Manufacturers purchase plastic raw materials from many collectors.
7. ____ Social Plastic is the material recycled and processed by Plastic Bank.
8. The Plastic Bank creates nothing for disadvantaged communities, but dignified work.
II. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.
wildlife aquatically marine splendid species experience remains habitats
Just off the coast of Queensland in Australia lies the largest (1) _____________ nature reserve,
Great Barrier Reef. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1981, this splendid ecosystem runs
across 2600 km and is made of thousands of coral reefs and (2) _____________ for a wide
range of species. The breathtaking scene under the water attracts and astounds snorkelers,
divers, and (3) _____________ enthusiasts. Extending over 340,000 square kilometers, it
provides shelter to a range of animal and vegetable variety and (4) _____________. Despite the
effects of climate change, this area of the Pacific Ocean (5) _____________ a cornerstone of
the canvas of biodiversity. The beauty of the nature reserve is that it can be explored by the sea
and the sky. The diversity is unmatched and unparallel to none other and is a snorkeling and
scuba diving haven for those who seek adventure at every juncture. For the ones who are not
inclined (6) _____________, you can see the beautiful coral formations in all its (7)
_____________ colors from a plane. Every year, this World Heritage listed site is frequented
by about 1.5 million visitors. Diving, snorkeling, scuba diving are just some ways to (8)
_____________ this diverse and rich ecosystem. You could also try sailing, scenic flights, and
others to try the ways to explore the getaway towns and scenic islands along the reef.
F. WRITING
I. Combine the pairs of the sentences, using the conjunction in the brackets.
1. Ice sheets and glaciers are shrinking. Sea levels are rising at the same time. (while)
____________________________________________________________________________
______
2. The atmosphere changes and the heat increases. It can cause a number of problems. (when)
____________________________________________________________________________
______
3. We can solve any problem. It’s important to understand it first. (before)
____________________________________________________________________________
______
4. We should alway turn off the lights. And then we leave a room. (as soon as)
____________________________________________________________________________
______
5. You go to the toilet. Wash your hands thoroughly then. (after)
____________________________________________________________________________
______
6. We have killed off all our marine life. We must not wait till then. (until)
____________________________________________________________________________
______
7. The disaster passes. Then people will need money and determination to rebuild. (after)
____________________________________________________________________________
______
8. Balloons are released into the air. They become deadly litter right after that. (as soon as)
____________________________________________________________________________
______
II. Complete the second sentences so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.
1. The rivers and canals are dry because there are many dams in the upstream.
 Due to
2. The ocean water became contaminated by liquid petroleum as a result of the oil spills.
 Because of
3. Unless treated waste water is used and managed properly, health effects will occur.
 If
4. People continue using plastic, there will be more plastic than fish in the ocean.
 Unless
5. The reason why endangered species become extinct is that humans are careless and lack of
knowledge.
 Since
6. We can’t slow down climate change unless we stop using fossil fuels.
 If
7. Let’s encourage our friends to use reusable bags instead of plastic ones.
 Why
8. It’s a good idea for the governments to punish the polluters with large fines.
 The governments should

A. PHONETICS
I. Fill in the blanks with bl or cl to complete the words.
1. The sky was __ue and __ean.
2. We need to esta__ish a __ear objective.
3. The __ast from the bomb __ew out all the windows.
4. They __aim that their new drug can control __ood pressure.
5. Pu__ic conviction about the increase of natural disasters has de__ined.
6. He is the best __ogger writing about global warming and __imate change.
7. They ex__uded people under 18 from joining volunteer __ubs.
8. The college authorities have made English __asses __oigatory.
9. We had various pro__ems on our journey, in__uding traffic jams.
10. __ouds of thick __ack smoke billowed from the car’s exhaust.
II. Underline the words having sound /bl/ or /kl/ in the sentences.
1. Environmental groups plan to raise public awareness about deforestation.
2. The convention established principles to save marine life.
3. They classify lizards as endangered species.
4. We could hear the birds clearly from our garden.
5. The locals clamoured to stop polluting the river.
6. Corals in oceans can be yellow, blue, or green.
7. The declaration asked authorities to protect the environment.
8. Many hunters keep the wild animals in closed cages.
9. The volcano unexpectedly blew up early in the morning.
10. We’ll try to widen the discussion to include environmental issues.

B. VOCABULARY
I. Name the pictures of greeting styles in the world. Use the phrases in the box.
1. plant a. endangered species
2. pick up b. trees
3. protect c. the lights
4. save d. our carbon footprint
5. build e. rubbish
6. turn off f. using single-use products
7. buy g. water
8. avoid h. littering
9. reduce i. green products
10. stop j. campfire
Answer:
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-
II. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
endangered littering air pollution plastic rubbish single-use
species
 habitat ecosystem carbon carbon environment
dioxide footprint protection
1. __________________ is throwing garbage onto the ground instead of into a trash can.
2. A(n) __________________ is a type of organism that is threatened by extinction.
3. __________________ is the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other
organism.
4. A(n) __________________ is a biological community of interacting organisms and their
physical environment.
5. Energy conservation and __________________ are growing concerns in the world.
6. A(n) __________________ is an indicator that accounts for greenhouse gases emitted by
human activity.
7. __________________ is Earth’s most important greenhouse gas: a gas that absorbs and
radiates heat.
8. __________________ items are products designed to be used only once before they are
discarded.
9. Cars, trucks, buses, off-road vehicles and planes are all considered mobile sources of
____________.
10. __________________ such as plastic bag stays in the environment for many years after it
has been used.
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. We should not only ____________ more trees but also put much more effort into protecting
existing forests.
A. plant B. reduce C. stop D. cut down
2. Lead and aluminium are common ____________ that can be found in drinking water.
A. contamination B. contaminated C. contaminates D. contaminants
3. People all over the world are working to help save ____________ animals from extinction.
A. danger B. endangered C. dangerous D. dangerously
4. A(n) ____________ is the total amount of greenhouse gases that are generated by our
actions.
A. carbon footprint B. carbon dioxide C. global warming D. ecosystem
5. Some manufacturers offered incentives for return of batteries, so that they can
____________ or dispose of them safely.
A. waste B. dump C. recycle D. throw away
6. ____________ power is the use of wind energy to generate useful work.
A. Natural gas B. Coal C. Oil D. Wind
7. ____________ pollution is the contamination of bodies of water such as lakes, rivers,
oceans, and groundwater.
A. Water B. Air C. Soil D. Noise8. Around
8. Around 7 million ____________ of plants and animals exist on the Earth.
A. means B. classes C. styles D. species
9. Forest fires do not only ____________ in environmental damage but also huge costs in
extinguishing the fires.
A. contribute B. result C. lead D. create
10. Cars and trucks pump out thousands of tonnes of poisonous ____________ every year.
A. pollutants B. exhaust pipes C. fumes D. chemicals
IV. Supply the correct form of the word in the brackets.
1. ____________ species, if not protected, could eventually become extinct. (danger)
2. Is afforestation the best way to ____________ the environment? (conservation)
3. Instead of ____________ the entire garden, just water the plants that need it. (water)
4. Cuc Phuong ____________ Park is a famous tourist destination in Ninh Binh province.
(Nation)
5. Chemicals or particles in the air can ____________ the health of humans, animals, and
plants. (harmful)
6. It’s estimated that the global ____________ of the world’s ecosystem services equals $125
trillion annually. (valuable)
7. For many ____________, the world seems to be getting worse in their eyes. (environment)
8. Earth’s climate has remained continuously ____________ throughout 3 or 4 billion years.
(habitat)
9. There should be ____________ of volunteers and active participation of young people in
environmental protection. (encourage)
10. The five major air ____________ are carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides,
sulfur oxides, and airborne solid particles. (pollute)
C. GRAMMAR
I. Decide whether the underlined part is an independent clause (I) or a dependent clause
(D).
1. As soon as there’s smoke, I start feeling bad. _____
2. The traffic conditions worsen until they are repaired. _____
3. We’ll update this post on our social media as soon as we finish it. _____
4. Harry met an old friend while he was vacationing in California. _____
5. Will we be able to address climate change before it is too late? _____
6. A man is in a critical condition after he is struck by lightning. _____
7. Only run your dishwasher or washing machine when it’s full. _____
8. Carbon Is released back into the atmosphere when plants and animals die. _____
9. You can get really creative when it comes to conserving water. _____
10. The firefighters will keep on searching till they find the last victim. _____
II. Match the clauses.
1. There may have been life on Mars a. after the tree is cut down.
2. As soon as the temperature increases and b. before they release it to the environment?
is above 0oC,
3. Greenhouse gases trap some of the planet’s c. until it underwent climate change.
heat
4. Unplug power cords from the wall d. the ice begins to melt.
5. How much time do humans have e. after tornadoes and storms strike the South.
6. Some tree species aggressively sprout f. until global warming makes the planet
from the roots even unliveable?
7. Searches for victims continue a day g. until they are at risk of extinction.
8. A small action can make an enormous h. before it escapes into space.
difference
9. Do factories use filters to clean the air i. when millions of people do it.
10. Some species are not discovered j. when items aren’t in use.
Answer:
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. America says it ____________ until other countries ____________ more action.
A. won’t act - took B. won’t act – take
C. doesn’t act - will take D. acts - don’t take
2. ____________ you buy and use a plastic bag, ask yourself if you really need it.
A. Before B. When C. While D. After
3. ____________ the arrival of humans on Earth, species became extinct naturally.
A. Before B. Since C. After D. As soon as
4. ____________ my little cousin saw the tiger in the cage, he cried out.
A. Before B. Since C. When D. Until
5. As soon as we ____________ risks of climate change, we all ____________ together to fight
against them.
A. realize - worked B. realized - worked C. realized - work D. will realize – work
6. ____________ I get to school, I will show you my writing about the habitat of polar bear.
A. As soon as B. While C. Until D. Till
7. ____________ fossil fuels are burnt, they release large amounts of carbon dioxide into the
air.
A. Till B. Until C. Before D. When
8. Most species don’t receive protection ____________ their populations reduce to nearly zero.
A. as B. when C. before D. until
9. Until there ____________ heavy penalties for environmental violations, many factories
disposing pollutants into the air.
A. are - won’t stop B. will be - will stop
C. were - won’t stop D. are – stopped
10. The greenhouse effect ____________ after energy from the sun ____________ through the
earth’s atmosphere and ____________ its surface.
A. occurred - goes - heats B. occurs - went – heats
C. occurs - goes - heated D. occurs - goes - heats
IV. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting.
1. Solar energy needs to be converted into electricity after we can use it.
A. needs to be B. into C. after D. can use it
2. Will the climate still be in warming state after greenhouse emissions stopped?
A. still be B. warning C. after D. stopped
3. When a species of plants or animals are in danger of extinction, it is gradually disappearing.
A. When B. species C. are D. it
4. Who is responsible when climate change harms the world’s the poorest countries?
A. is B. when C. harms D. the poorest
5. When fossil fuels are burnt, they released greenhouse gases - mostly carbon dioxide.
A. When B. burnt C. released D. mostly
6. We will contact the people in charge and will get back to you as soon as we could.
A. will contact B. will get back C. as soon as D. could
7. You will need to know your carbon footprint after you start reducing it.
A. need to know B. after C. reducing D. it
8. Technology has a long way to go before it could make a large impact in the atmosphere.
A. has B. to go C. it could make D. in
9. As soon as the snow will melt, spring wildflowers push their way up through the leaf litter.
A. As soon as B. will melt C. push D. litter
10. Single-use plastic products are thrown away immediately until they have served their
purpose.
A. Single-use plasticB. away C. until D. their
D. SPEAKING
I. Rearrange the sentences to make a conversation.
___ Yes, it’s hot because it’s the beginning of summer.
___ That seems the logical things. I hope it will be better soon because we can’t live
healthily in this hot weather and the polluted environment. I can’t imagine how life on
Earth will look like in the next 100 years.
___ I think reducing pollution is not easy at all. Human life requires the producing of goods,
so natural resources are exploited to make products. Then waste will still be created and
people will pollute the environment again and again.
___ Well, it’s not easy, but it’s possible. Many countries are trying to recycle things and look
for new sources of energy. They also issue laws and have lots of programs to protect the
environment.
_1_ Do you find that it’s hotter these days?
___ How can recycling things and finding new sources of energy help to reduce pollution?
___ Yeah, it’s hard to imagine...
___ If people recycle more things, they will use fewer natural resources and there will be
less waste. New sources of energy can replace the using of fossil fuels which results in
most types of pollution.
___ Maybe you’re right because the earth’s temperature increases year by year. This won’t
stop until people can reduce all types of pollution which causes the global warming.
___ No, I mean this year is hotter than last year.
II. Match the sentences.
1. What does ecosystem mean? a. It’s “Save the environment: our work”.
2. Cars emitting black smoke should be b. But tomorrow may be even hotter.
banned.
3. What will you do with these pictures? c. They can save water, paper, electricity...
and don’t litter.
4. Today is the hottest day I’ve ever known. d. Terrible! It must be hundreds of them.
5. What is the name of your project? e. Banning isn’t the best way. A fine is more
appropriate.
6. What is the difference between f. It means a system of living organisms and
‘dangerous’ and ‘endangered’? their environment.
7. Is it true that polluted air is more g. Dangerous is full of danger while
dangerous than smoking? endangered is in danger, at risk.
8. I usually see people throw trash in the h. I would politely tell them not to do so if I
street, but I don’t know what to do then. were you.
 9. How can children help to save the earth? i. I just know that both of them are
dangerous.
10. Look at the river! There are lots of dead j. I’ll use them for my presentation on Earth
fish. Day.
Answer:
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-
E. READING
I. Read the passage and decide whether the statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
Plastic bags cause many negative effects for US and the environment. No one knows exactly
how many bags are littering the planet, but researchers estimate that 500 billion are used
around the globe each year. It sounds interesting when we could get money in exchange for our
plastic trash.
This happens at a company called the Plastic Bank. The Bank creates social and environmental
impact in areas with high levels of poverty and plastic pollution by turning plastic waste into a
currency. By exchanging plastic for money, they can stop plastic from polluting the
environment and help people living in poverty to build their better future.
To do this, the Plastic Bank buy plastic waste at a high price so that they can encourage people
to collect it. People can exchange plastic waste for money, items, or services. Plastic collected
through the Bank is recycled and processed into new raw material feedstock, called Social
Plastic, which can be purchased by manufacturers to produce more environmentally and
socially ethical products. In this way, new opportunities are created for the world’s most
disadvantaged communities and recycling becomes dignified work.
1. ____ Researchers can know exactly how many plastic bags are littering the planet.
2. ____ People could get money in exchange for their plastic trash at a company called the
Plastic Bank.
3. ____ The Plastic Bank give money and plastic bags to the poor.
4. ____ The Plastic Bank has good effects on people and the environment.
5. ____ The Plastic Bank helps to stop plastic from polluting the environment.
6. ____ Manufacturers purchase plastic raw materials from many collectors.
7. ____ Social Plastic is the material recycled and processed by Plastic Bank.
8. The Plastic Bank creates nothing for disadvantaged communities, but dignified work.
II. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.
wildlife aquatically marine splendid species experience remains habitats
Just off the coast of Queensland in Australia lies the largest (1) _____________ nature reserve,
Great Barrier Reef. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1981, this splendid ecosystem runs
across 2600 km and is made of thousands of coral reefs and (2) _____________ for a wide
range of species. The breathtaking scene under the water attracts and astounds snorkelers,
divers, and (3) _____________ enthusiasts. Extending over 340,000 square kilometers, it
provides shelter to a range of animal and vegetable variety and (4) _____________. Despite the
effects of climate change, this area of the Pacific Ocean (5) _____________ a cornerstone of
the canvas of biodiversity. The beauty of the nature reserve is that it can be explored by the sea
and the sky. The diversity is unmatched and unparallel to none other and is a snorkeling and
scuba diving haven for those who seek adventure at every juncture. For the ones who are not
inclined (6) _____________, you can see the beautiful coral formations in all its (7)
_____________ colors from a plane. Every year, this World Heritage listed site is frequented
by about 1.5 million visitors. Diving, snorkeling, scuba diving are just some ways to (8)
_____________ this diverse and rich ecosystem. You could also try sailing, scenic flights, and
others to try the ways to explore the getaway towns and scenic islands along the reef.
F. WRITING
I. Combine the pairs of the sentences, using the conjunction in the brackets.
1. Ice sheets and glaciers are shrinking. Sea levels are rising at the same time. (while)
____________________________________________________________________________
______
2. The atmosphere changes and the heat increases. It can cause a number of problems. (when)
____________________________________________________________________________
______
3. We can solve any problem. It’s important to understand it first. (before)
____________________________________________________________________________
______
4. We should alway turn off the lights. And then we leave a room. (as soon as)
____________________________________________________________________________
______
5. You go to the toilet. Wash your hands thoroughly then. (after)
____________________________________________________________________________
______
6. We have killed off all our marine life. We must not wait till then. (until)
____________________________________________________________________________
______
7. The disaster passes. Then people will need money and determination to rebuild. (after)
____________________________________________________________________________
______
8. Balloons are released into the air. They become deadly litter right after that. (as soon as)
____________________________________________________________________________
______
II. Complete the second sentences so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.
1. The rivers and canals are dry because there are many dams in the upstream.
 Due to
________________________________________________________________________
2. The ocean water became contaminated by liquid petroleum as a result of the oil spills.
 Because of
______________________________________________________________________
3. Unless treated waste water is used and managed properly, health effects will occur.
 If
____________________________________________________________________________
4. People continue using plastic, there will be more plastic than fish in the ocean.
 Unless
__________________________________________________________________________
5. The reason why endangered species become extinct is that humans are careless and lack of
knowledge.
 Since
____________________________________________________________________________
6. We can’t slow down climate change unless we stop using fossil fuels.
 If
____________________________________________________________________________
7. Let’s encourage our friends to use reusable bags instead of plastic ones.
 Why
____________________________________________________________________________
8. It’s a good idea for the governments to punish the polluters with large fines.
 The governments should
_________________________________________________________________________