Republic of Philippines

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

MACHINE DESIGN I

Problem Set 2:Variable Loads

Submitted by:

Submitted to:

VARIABLE LOADS PROBLEMS

Republic of Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

1. The shaft whose torque varies from 2,000 in-lb to 6,000 in-lb has a
1.5” diameter and a yield strength value in shear 0f 60,000 psi.
Compute the shaft’s mean stress.
a. 6810 psi c. 5162 psi
b. 6036 psi d. 5550 psi

Given: Find: Sm = ?
Tmin = 2000 in-lbf
Tmax = 6000 in-lbf
D = 1.5 in
Sy = 60,000 lbf/in2

Solution:
16 T m T max +T min
Sm = 3
; where:T m=
πD 2

6000∈−lb f +2000∈−lb f
T m= =4000∈−lb f
2

16 T m 16 (4000∈−lb f )
Sm = =
πD
3
π ¿¿¿

l bf
Sm =6036.10 2
in

2. Determine the diameter of a circular rod member of ductile material

with a net fatigue strength of (complete stress reversal) Sn = 262 MPa
and a tensile yield strength of 345 MPa. The member is subjected to a
varying axial load from Pmin = -267 KN to Pmax = 623 KN and has a
fatigue strength reduction factor of 1.8. Use a factor of safety of 2.0.
a. 25.35 mm c. 68.35 mm
b. 35.68 mm d. 95.39 mm

Given: Find: D = ?
Sn = 262 MPa = 262 N/mm2
Sy = 345 MPa = 345 N/mm2
Pmin = -267 kN
Pmax = 623 kN
kf = 1.8
Republic of Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

N = 2.0

Solution:
1 Sm Sa
= +k f ·
N Sy Sn

Where:
Pm Pm Pa Pa
Sm = = 2
; S a= =
A πD A π D2
4 4

Therefore:
1 Pm Pa
= 2
+k f · 2
N πD πD
· Sy · Sn
4 4

Pmax + P min 623 kN + (−267 kN )

P m= = =178 kN
2 2

Pmax −Pmin 623 kN −(−267 kN )

P a= = =445 kN
2 2

Solving for D:

1
=
1 Pm
N π D2 S y
+k
(f ·
Pa
Sn )
4

D=
√ (
4 N Pm
π Sy
+k f ·
Pa
Sn )

√ (
4 (2.0) 178 x 103 N

( )
3
445 x 10 N
D= + 1.8· =95.38901218 mm
π N N
345 2
262 2
mm mm

D=¿95.39 mm
Republic of Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

3. Calculate the factor of safety resulting from the following stress

values; yield strength, Sy = 60 ksi; endurance strength, Sn = 20 ksi;
average stress, Sm = 15 ksi; and alternating stress, Sa = 10 ksi.
a. 1.75 c. 0.75
b. 0.57 d. 1.33

Given: Find: N = ?
Sy = 60 ksi
Sn = 20 ksi
Sm = 15 ksi
Sa = 10 ksi

Solution:
1 Sm Sa
= +k f · ; where: k f =1
N Sy Sn

1 1
N= = =1.3333
Sm
+k ·
S a 15 ksi
S y f S n 60 ksi (
+ 1·
10 ksi
20 ksi)
N = 1.33

4. A stepped shaft whose made of SAE 1117 steel has an ultimate

strength of 69.7 ksi. The notch sensitivity factor is 0.983 and 0.00435 is
the constant dependent upon the ultimate strength. Check the radius of
the stress raiser.
a. 0.192 c. 0.25
b. 0.386 d. 0.775

Given: Find: r = ?
Shaft (SAE 117 steel)
Su = 69.7 ksi
q = 0.983
a = 0.00435
Republic of Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Solution:
1
q=
a
1+
r

Therefore:
a
r=
1
−1
q

a 0.00435
r= = =0.2515323529
1 1
−1 −1
q 0.983

r =0.2515

5. A shaft is acted upon by a torque that continuously varies from 2200

to 6400 in-lb. It has a diameter of 1.25” and a material’s yield strength
of 63,000 psi. Find the variable component stress.
a. 4567 psi c. 2454 psi
b. 5476 psi d. 6457 psi

Given: Find: Sa = ?
Tmin = 2200 in-lbf
Tmax = 6400 in-lbf
D = 1.25 in
Sy = 63,000 lbf/in2

Solution:
16 T a T max−T min
Sa = 3
; where:T a=
πD 2

6400∈−lb f −2200∈−lb f
T a= =2100∈−lb f
2

16 T a 16 (2100∈−lb f )
Sa = =
πD
3
π ¿¿¿
Republic of Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

l bf
Sa =5475.95 2
in

6. A section of a shaft diameter d is joined to a section of another

diameter with a fillet which produces an actual stress concentration
factor of Kf = 1.22 for the shaft in torsion. Take Sys = 560 MPa and Sn’
= 375 MPa. Using a size effect factor of 0.85, a surface finish factor of
0.85 and a load factor of 0.6, determine the size of shaft required by a
torque which varies from 0 to 2.26 KN-m. Use a design factor of 2.0.
a. 25 mm c. 37.5 mm
b. 48 mm d. 52 mm

Given: Find: D = ?
kf = 1.22
Sy = 560 MPa = 560 N/mm2
Sn’ = 375 MPa = 375 N/mm2
Fsize = 0.85
Fsurface = 0.85
Fa.l. = 0.6
Tmin = 0 kN-m
Tmax = 2.26 kN-m
N = 2.0

Solution:
1 Sm Sa
= +k f ·
N Sy Sn

Where:
T m 16 T m T a 16 T a
Sm = = 3
; S a= =
A πD A π D3

Therefore:
Republic of Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

1 16 T m 16 T a
= +k f ·
N π D3 · S y 3
π D · Sn

T max +T min (2.26 kN −m)+(0 kN −m)

T m= = =1.13 kN−m
2 2
T max −T min ( 2.26 kN−m)−(0 kN −m)
T a= = =1.13 kN −m
2 2

Sn = ( F a . l . ) ¿
Solving for D:

1
=
16 T m
3
N π D Sy (
+ kf ·
Ta
Sn )
D=
√
3 16 N T m
π Sy ( T
+ kf · a
Sn )

√ (
16 ( 2.0 ) 1.13 x 103 N −m

( ) ( 10001mmm )
3
1.13 x 10 N−m
D= 3 + 1.22 ·
π N N
560 2
162.5625 2
mm mm

D = 47.46493159 mm

D=¿47.47 mm