Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.

ORAL COMMUNICATION
IN CONTEXT
1st Semester A.Y. 2024-2025
LESSON
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you shall have:

01 explained the nature and process of

communication;

02 differentiated the various models of

communication;

03 distinguished the unique feature(s) of one

communication process from the other; and

04 created a communication model based on

context.
LESSON
OUTLINE
01 Definition of
Communication

02 Nature of
Communication

03 Process of
Communication

04 Models of
Communication
 COMMUNICATION
Communication is all about expressing a
message to an audience through any medium,
be it spoken, written, gestured, or illustrated.

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

 NATURE OF
COMMUNICATION
generally occurs between two or more
people but also occurs for a single
individual
it may be expressed through; spoken or
written words, actions, both spoken
words or actions at the same time

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

 NATURE OF
COMMUNICATION
it is much more than a simple
transmission of information
it is a mutual creation of meaning
information is intended and interpreted
in a certain way to attain significance

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

 TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION
Based on Channel
Verbal
Non-verbal
Visual/Illustrated
Audio-Visual

Based on Style/Purpose
Formal
Informal

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

 TYPES OF
Based on Channel
COMMUNICATION
Verbal Communication
it is the sharing of information through
speech and words
it can be categorized as either oral or
written
oral communication can either be face-to-
face or distance

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

 TYPES OF
Based on Channel
COMMUNICATION
Nonverbal Communication
it is the transmission of messages or signals
through a nonverbal platform like body
language, facial expression, voice/tone, and
gestures
it can include the use of social cues, kinesics,
distance, and physical environment/
appearance

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

 TYPES OF
Based on Channel
COMMUNICATION
Visual/Illustrated
Communication
it is the transmission of information by
graphically representing them to efficiently
and effectively create meaning
it makes use of images and photos,
infographics, motion graphics, animation
and interactive content like non-audio video
materials

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

 TYPES OF
Based on Channel
COMMUNICATION
Audio-Visual
Communication
it is the transfer of information that
combines sight and sound to create a
meaningful picture that is communicative
it can include motion pictures, live or
prerecorded radio or television programs,
slide shows, films, and multimedia
presentations

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

 TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION
Based on Style/Purpose

Formal Communication
it is a communication in which information
flows through proper and pre-defined
solutions
it follows a hierarchical chain that is generally
established by an organization

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

 TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION
Based on Style/Purpose

Informal Communication
it is multidimensional communication that
flows freely in an organization without any
restraint of predefined channels or routes
it is comparatively very quick and relational

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

 ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION
Speaker Noise
Message Context
Listener Encoding
Channel Decoding
Feedback

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

 ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION

Speaker Message Listener

also called the SENDER, they are the information sent by the also called the RECEIVER, they
the ones who manage the sender to the listener are the ones who listen and to
exchange of ideas between them may be verbal, non-verbal, whom the message is intended
and the listener illustrated, audio-visual, formal, tries to understand the message
organizes the message (oral, and informal in the best possible manner to
written, or illustrated) before it is achieve the desired objective
presented to the listener

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

 ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION

Channel Feedback Noise

the medium by which a message the receiver's verbal and non- something or anything that
is communicated verbal response to the sender's obstructs the understanding of a
sample channels can be radio, message message
television, e-books, videos, social it may include a non-response or may be external (physical noise)
media sites, the interent, etc. silence or internal (physiological or
it can also be exhibited through a psychological)
restless behavior and expression

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

 ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION

Context Encoding Decoding

directs the receiver to the correct the process of converting the process of interpreting the
interpretation of the message to messages into words, actions, or encoded message of the speaker
avoid misunderstandings other forms that the speaker by the receiver
-what is happening understands
-why it is happening
-where/when it is happening
-to whom the message is directed

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

 THE
COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
The communication process is a fundamental
framework that illustrates how messages are
exchanged between a sender and a receiver.

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context
 COMMUNICATION
MODELS
These are pictorial representations of the
communication process, ideas, thoughts, or concepts
through diagrams, etc. They are systematic
representations of the process that help us
understand how communication can be carried out.

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

LINEAR
MODELS OF
COMMUNICATION
focus on the sender and message within the
communication encounter
the receiver is viewed as more of a target or end
point rather than part of the ongoing process
influenced by telegraphy and radio technologies

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

 LASWELL’S MODEL, 1948

Lasswell’s model was developed to analyze mass communication,

this model is used for interpersonal communication or group
communication to be disseminated message to various groups in
various situations.

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

 SHANNON WEAVER’S
TRANSMISSION MODEL, 1949
As Shannon was an engineer, this model
was first made to improve technical
communication, mainly for telephonic
communication. It was made to
maximize telephone capacity with
minimum noise.

Later, Weaver applied it to all kinds of

communications to develop effective
communication and the model became
famous as Shannon Weaver model.

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

 SCHRAMM’S MODEL, 1960

The process begins with a concept in the source's mind. This concept is then
encoded into a message using symbols and sent to the destination. The destination
must decode and interpret these symbols to reconstruct the original concept.

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

INTERACTIVE
MODELS OF
COMMUNICATION
portrays communication as a sequential process in
which one person communicates to another, who
then sends feedback to the first person

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

 OSGOOD AND SCHRAMM'S
CIRCULAR MODEL, 1954
The Osgood-Schramm model of
communication is a two-way, circular
process where both participants take
turns as sender and receiver. Charles
Osgood emphasized its non-linear
nature, while Wilbur Schramm later
added the concept of "field of
experience," highlighting the shared
understanding between the sender
and receiver.

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

 RILEY’S MODEL, 1959

The model highlights that both the Communicator and Receiver are influenced by their primary social
groups within a larger social system. Communication is a two-way process, with both parties being
interdependent and connected through feedback. The model emphasizes that neither the Communicator
nor the Receiver operates in isolation, but rather within a broader social context.

Primary groups are close-knit social circles, like family or close friends, that strongly influence the behavior
and attitudes of their members. In the communication model, these groups shape how both the
Communicator and Receiver send, receive, and interpret messages within the broader social system.

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

TRANSACTIONAL
MODELS OF
COMMUNICATION
the basic premise of the transactional model of
communication is that people are simultaneously
engaging in the sending and receiving of
messages

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

 BARNLUND’S MODEL, 1970

The Transaction Model of communication offers a more comprehensive understanding of context compared
to the Interaction Model, which primarily focuses on message transmission and reception. The Transaction
Model recognizes that communication shapes realities and must account for contextual influences beyond a
single interaction.

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

 BARNLUND’S MODEL, 1970
Social context: The rules or norms that guide
communication, such as being truthful, empathetic,
and clear, especially in professional settings like
nursing.
Relational context: The history and type of
relationship between communicators, affecting
how communication unfolds based on familiarity
and professionalism.
Cultural context: Aspects of identity like gender,
ethnicity, and class that influence communication,
with awareness that not all cultural influences are
visible or acknowledged.

Nature and Elements of Communication Module 1.1 Oral Communication in Context

THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING