Journey To The End

NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED
READ AND FIND OUT . I henomena help us to know about the history of Ql. How do geolog1ca P h
ankind? (Page 19) · t · · t · um . t algamated southern supercontmen was m ens ence SIX hundred Ans. Gondwana,
_a11!51an aamrs ago Gondwana thrived for 500 million years. At that time the and fifty m1 10n ye · · f fl d f: 1. te ch
warmer It supported a great vanety o ora an auna. Humans had c 1ma was mu · not arrived on the scene. · . Th
the dinosaurs were wiped out. The age of the mammals set m. The landmass was en d ·11· forced to separate into
countries. T_he changes ?ccurre over a ~1. ion years. ~eological phenomena resulted in the f~1:11ation of the
J:I1malayas as _India Jammed agamst Asia. South America drifted off to Jorn North Amenca. The openmg up of
the Drake Passage created a cold circumpolar current. It keeps Antarctica very cold, desolate and at the bottom of
the world. Q2. What are the indications for the future of humankind? (Page 20) Ans. The rapid increase of
population has resulted in pressure on other species for supplies. The burning of fossil fuels has created a blanket
of carbon dioxide around the world. The average global temperature is increasing. Even little changes in
environment can have big consequences.
Scientists warn that a further depletion in the ozone layer will affect the activities of phytoplankton. This will affect
the life of all marine animals and birds of the region. The global carbon cycle will be affected. Thus the indications
for the future of humankind are neither bright nor positive. READING WITH INSIGHT (PAGE 17)
Ql. 'The world's geological history is trapped in An.tarctica'. How is the study of this region useful to
us?
Ans. Antarctica is the coldest, driest and windiest continent in the world today. But there was a time when Inclia
and Antarctica were part of the same landmass known as Gondwanad At that time the climate was much
warmer and there was a huge variety of flora an fauna. B · ·t· An · fr d here we could Y vun mg tarctica we can get
Ids
a grasp of where we have come om an w . 1 possibly be moving towards. It helps us to understand the
importance of ~or~lleran ° and pre-Cambrian granite shields; ozone and carbon; evolution and
extinction. ulation. Antarctica is the only place in the world which has never sustained a hum-:; P"f w
layers Moreover, it holds in its ice-cores half-million-year-old carbon records trap~e m of ice, In other words the
world's geological history is trapped in Antarcb:"nts in the Q2. What are Geoff G~een's reasons for
including high school stu e Students on Ice expedition? h' past present and Ans. 'Students on Ice'
programme aims to study and examine the Ear i' den~. The Y fg future by organising expeditions to Antarctica
0
fo~ high sch:u; J:'e1p them rod!"' °;r students are provided inspiring educational opporlumb.es wlu{h The future
gene,:ali0Wgb a new understanding and respect for our planet-the earl. · ason for incl•~ Y ,re policy-makers is
offered a life-changing experience. The mam r:t an age when e school students in this expedition is their young
age. They are ready to absorb, learn and a~t.
e Q3, ,,,, What ,.a ke . onment. ca~ is . of the the ? relevance small things Of th· 18 and s t
atement the big things 1n · will take care of the context of the . themselves' Antarctic ·
envtr t" ca has simple ecosystem and it lacks biodiversity. Due to these two factors it is the ,ns, Antarct
1 iv· P The erfec au e thor P lace gives to · grasses oft study t h h e e sea examp how nouns little 1 e · O
changes f h very an d sma sustam in II the , · smgle-celled · the environment entire · can have big
consequences. plants called phytoplankton. Southern Ocean's food chain. Th:s Th p hytoplanktons ic
compounds through use the photosynthesis. sun's energy to absorb carbon. They also synthesise .
various o5r~a:tists hytoplankton.. cie warn I t that WI ·11 a h ave further a c h am-react10n. depletion . · in
the ozone layer will affect the activities of The lives of all the marine animals and birds ~fthe region will
be affected. The global carbon cycle will be disturbed. So ifwe want the world fall into to place. go on
4
properly we must take care of the small things. Then the big things will Q , Why future? is Antarctica
the place to go to, to understand the earth's present, past and Ans, The author is of the opinion
that Antarctica holds the key to understand and respect our planet-the earth. A visit to Antarctica
provides a life-changing experience. When we see warming glaciers as retreating very real. and
ice-shelves collapsing, we begin to realise the threat of global Climate change is indeed one of the most
hotly contested environmental debates of our time. Many questions are being raised. 'Will the West
Antarctic ice sheet melt entirely?' or 'Will the Gulf Stream ocean current be disrupted?' or 'Will it be the
end of the world as we know it?' The answer is not clear cut. Antarctica is a crucial element in this
debate. It holds in its ice-cores half-million-year-old carbon records trapped in its layers of ice. Hence,
Antarctica ifwe is want the place to study, to go. examine and understand the Earth's past, present and
future,

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NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED

environment can have big consequences.

age. They are ready to absorb, learn and a~t.

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