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Lecture 05 Application of ICT

Applications of ict

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Lecture 05 Application of ICT

Applications of ict

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saranaseem7132
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© © All Rights Reserved
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APPLICATION OF ICT

Browsers, HTML, URLs, and How DNS Works


WHAT IS THE INTERNET?
▪ Definition:
▪ The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers that share information.
▪ It enables communication through email, websites, social media, and more.

▪ Key Concept:
▪ The Internet is like a highway that connects millions of computers worldwide, allowing
them to "talk" to each other.

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WHAT IS THE WORLD WIDE WEB?
▪ Definition:
▪ The World Wide Web (WWW) is a collection of websites and online content that you can
access through the Internet.
▪ It’s like the library of the Internet—where all the information is stored.

▪ Fun Fact:
▪ The World Wide Web is only one part of the Internet, but it’s what most people use every
day for browsing, shopping, and watching videos.

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WEB BROWSERS
▪ What is a Browser?
▪ A browser is software that allows you to access and view websites on the Internet.

▪ Popular Browsers:
▪ Google Chrome
▪ Mozilla Firefox
▪ Microsoft Edge
▪ Safari

▪ How it Works:
▪ Think of the browser as a translator—it converts the complex code behind websites
(HTML) into user-friendly pages that you can read, watch, or interact with.

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HOW WEBSITES WORK - HTML
▪ What is HTML?
▪ HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language for creating websites.
▪ It’s like the building blocks of the web—it structures the content on web pages.

▪ Key Components:
▪ Text: Paragraphs, headings.
▪ Images and Links: Images and clickable links.

▪ Example:
▪ <h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>
▪ <p>This is a paragraph of text.</p>

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WHAT IS A URL?
▪ Definition:
▪ URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the address you type in the browser to visit a website.

▪ Parts of a URL:
▪ Protocol: http:// or https:// (secure).
▪ Domain Name: The website’s name (e.g., www.example.com).
▪ Path: Specific page on the website (e.g., /about).

▪ Analogy: The URL is like a home address for websites—it tells your browser where
to go to find a specific page on the web.

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HOW DNS WORKS (DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM)
▪ What is DNS?
▪ DNS (Domain Name System) is like the phonebook of the Internet. It translates domain
names (like www.google.com) into IP addresses (like 192.168.1.1), which computers use
to locate websites.
▪ How DNS Works:
▪ You type www.google.com in your browser.
▪ DNS converts it into an IP address.
▪ Your computer uses the IP address to connect to the Google servers and show you the
website.
▪ Analogy: DNS is like asking for directions: you know the place name
(www.google.com) and DNS gives you the exact address (IP address) to get there.

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WHY HTTPS IS IMPORTANT
▪ What is HTTPS?
▪ HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) is a secure version of HTTP, which encrypts
data exchanged between you and the website.
▪ Why it Matters:
▪ It keeps your data (like passwords or credit card info) safe from hackers.

▪ Analogy: HTTPS is like sending a sealed envelope in the mail instead of a


postcard—it keeps your message private!

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PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
▪ Scenario:
▪ You type https://www.example.com in your browser.
▪ The browser requests the webpage from the server using DNS to find the right IP address.
▪ The website sends back HTML code.
▪ The browser translates the code into a user-friendly page for you to view.

▪ Example: Visiting an online news site.


▪ Step 1: Type the URL (www.newswebsite.com).
▪ Step 2: DNS translates the domain to an IP address.
▪ Step 3: Browser fetches the website’s HTML and displays it for you.

▪ Outcome:
▪ You can read articles, watch videos, or share content through the power of the web!

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WHY SHOULD STUDENTS CARE?
▪ Research and Collaboration:
▪ Understanding how the web works helps you find credible information, collaborate on
projects, and share research online.
▪ Everyday Use:
▪ Knowing about URLs, DNS, and HTML helps you better understand tools like social media,
online surveys, and research databases.

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KEY TAKEAWAYS
▪ Internet: A global network that connects computers.
▪ World Wide Web: A collection of websites and content accessed through the
Internet.
▪ Browser: A tool that lets you view and interact with websites.
▪ HTML: The building blocks of websites.
▪ URL & DNS: URLs direct you to websites; DNS helps computers find them using IP
addresses.
▪ HTTPS: Ensures your online activity is secure and private.

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