Computer Components

Information and Communication

Technology
Day 3
 Computer Components
In this section we will look at the different components (parts) of a computer system.
You will see what role each component plays within the computer system. You will
also get to understand the features of each component.

Computer Components: All the different pieces of electrical hardware that join
together to make up the complete computer system."
 Internal Hardware Components - designed to fit INSIDE the computer
 External Hardware Components - connect to computer system from OUTSIDE

Learning objectives of this section:

 Know what a computer system is and be able to identify and describe the main
components
 Understand what internal memory is and be able to describe the difference
between RAM and ROM.
 Be able to identify and describe the difference between input devices, storage
devices and backing storage.

B. Ngwenya BBDN – Academics IGCSE - ICT

Year 2020
 Internal Hardware Computer
Components - 1
Picture Name Details

• All components plug into the motherboard

[directly or USB]
Motherboard • Central to any computer system.
• Components communicate and send signals to
each other via the bus network

• Is the brain of the computer

• Controls what computer does
CPU • Perform calculations and data
• The faster the clock rate, the faster the
performance of the computer
• Temporarily store information that is currently in
use by the computer
RAM • Fast memory.
• Volatile memory
• More RAM, the faster it can perform

B. Ngwenya BBDN – Academics IGCSE - ICT

Year 2020
 Internal Hardware Computer
Components - 2
Picture Name Details
• Bios(basic input/output system)
• Permanently store instructions (BIOS) that
BIOS (ROM) tell the computer how to boot
• Non-volatile memory
• Examples include: DVD/CD ROMS

• Enables the computer to display images on

the monitor.
Graphics Card • Require the installation of software alongside
the hardware

• Allow the computer system to produce sound

but they also allow users to connect
Sound Card microphones in order to input sounds into the
computer.
• Convert of analogue data into digital and vice
versa.

B. Ngwenya BBDN – Academics IGCSE - ICT

Year 2020
 Internal Hardware Computer
Components – 3 Storage Devices
Picture Name Details

Internal Storage - Used to store data that is not

Internal Hard Disk instantly needed by the computer.
Drives
Permanently store data and
programs for as long as we need.

External Storage - Used to back-up data in case

External Hard Disk original copies are lost or damaged.
Drive, Memory Stick etc

B. Ngwenya BBDN – Academics IGCSE - ICT

Year 2020
 Manual Input Devices (External)

Input devices are pieces of hardware

that get raw data into the computer
ready for processing. Manual Input
Devices need to be operated by a
human to input data into the computer.

EXAMPLES
 Keyboard - Mouse
 Microphone - Scanner
 Light Pen - Touch screen
 Digital Camera - Web Cam
 Numeric Keypad

B. Ngwenya BBDN – Academics IGCSE - ICT

Year 2020
 Automatic Input Devices (External)

Input devices are pieces of hardware

that get raw data into the computer
ready for processing. Automatic Input
Devices - Can input data on their own.

EXAMPLES
 Magnetic Stripe Reader
 Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
 Chip and Pin Reader
 Optical Mark Reader
 Optical Character Reader
 Barcode Reader
 Radio Frequency Id Reader (RFID)

B. Ngwenya BBDN – Academics IGCSE - ICT

Year 2020
 Output Devices (External)

These are pieces of hardware that send

this usable information out of the
computer.
Temporary output devices - constantly
refresh the outputted image on display.
Monitor (CRT, TFT).

Permanent output devices - output

information onto paper as a hard copy.
Examples
 Monitor (CRT, TFT)
 Printer (Inkjet, Dot Matrix, Laser & 3D)
 Plotter
 Speakers
 Multimedia projector

B. Ngwenya BBDN – Academics IGCSE - ICT

Year 2020
 Peripheral Devices (External)

Almost all input and output devices are

known as Peripheral devices. They are
non-essential which means that the
computer system can operate without it.
Usually, they connect to the system
externally using cables.

Examples
 Keyboard - Mouse
 Microphone - Web Cam
 Scanner - Joystick
 Speakers - Printer

B. Ngwenya BBDN – Academics IGCSE - ICT

Year 2020
 Basic Computer Model

B. Ngwenya BBDN – Academics IGCSE - ICT

Year 2020
 THE END

Thanking you for listening

USED RESOURCES:

Websites Resource Text Books

www.ictlounge.com
www.igcseict.info
https://www.igcsepro.org/
www.yahmad.co.uk
www.znotes.org
mrlawsonsclassroom.weebly.com ›
https://ictlis.wixsite.com/ict123
/theory-revison

B. Ngwenya BBDN – Academics IGCSE - ICT

Year 2020