English Language

Guide for PMP

Study Coach
How to read and write PMBOK

Chapter 1
Initiating the Project
Develop Project Charter
‫ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ ﻣﯿﺜﺎق اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
Vocabulary & idioms for PMP:

• Interdependencies ‫إرﺗﺒﺎطﺎت‬

• Project Integration Management ‫إدارة ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬

• Incorporate ‫ﯾﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬

• Narrow specialization ‫اﻟﺘﺨﺼﺺ اﻟﻤﺤﺪود‬

• Assumption log ‫ﺳﺠﻞ اﻹﻓﺘﺮاﺿﺎت‬

• Enterprise environmental factors ‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮة ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع‬

• Kick-off ‫إطﻼق‬

• Subsidiary management plan ‫ﺧﻄﺔ اﻹدارة اﻟﻔﺮﻋﯿﺔ‬

• Preventive action ‫إﺟﺮاء وﻗﺎﺋﻰ‬

• Tacit ‫ﺿﻤﻨﻰ‬

• Expertise ‫ﺧﺒﺮة‬

• Trend analysis ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻹﺗﺠﺎه‬

• Facilitate ‫ﺗﯿﺴﯿﺮ‬

• Autocratic ‫إﺳﺘﺒﺪادى‬

• Multicriteria ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻟﻤﻌﺎﯾﯿﺮ‬

• pre-requisites ‫اﻟﺸﺮوط‬

• leveraged ‫ﻳﺮﻓﻊ‬

• advantage ‫ﻣﯿﺰة‬

• reactively ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻠﻰ‬

• elaboration ‫إﻋﺪاد‬

• Contractual obligation ‫إﻟﺘﺰام ﺗﻌﺎﻗﺪى‬

• Disciplines ‫اﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎت‬

• Measurable ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﻘﯿﺎس‬

 ‫‪Word‬‬ ‫‪Abbreviation‬‬ ‫‪Meaning‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬
‫‪Accelerated‬‬
‫اﻹھﻼك اﻟﻤﻌﺠﻞ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻮل ﺗﻔﻘﺪ ﻗﯿﻤﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﺳﺮع ﻣﻦ اﻹھﻼك اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫‪Depreciation‬‬
‫‪Accepted‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت أو اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ أو اﻟﻘﺪرات اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع واﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻋﻤﻼء أو رﻋﺎة اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫‪Deliverables‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ أﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﻔﻰ ﺑﻤﻌﺎﯾﯿﺮ اﻟﻘﺒﻮل اﻟﻤﺤﺪده ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﮭﻢ‬
‫طﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻤﺖ‬
‫‪Approved‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﮫ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ)طﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ھﻰ طﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻤﺖ اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﮫ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬
‫‪Change Requests‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪه(‬

‫‪Change Control‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﮫ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪة ﻣﺸﻜﻠﮫ رﺳﻤﯿﺎ ﻟﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‪ ،‬أو ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ‪ ،‬أو اﻋﺘﻤﺎد‪ ،‬أو ﺗﺄﺧﯿﺮ‪،‬‬
‫‪CCB‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬
‫‪Board‬‬ ‫أو رﻓﺾ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‪ ،‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ ھﺬه اﻟﻘﺮارات واﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﺑﺸﺄﻧﮭﺎ‬

‫‪Change Control‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺼﻒ ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ إدارة وﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻼت ﻓﻰ ﺗﺴﻠﯿﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬
‫‪System‬‬ ‫ووﺛﺎﺋﻘﮫ‬

‫‪Change Control‬‬ ‫أدوات ﯾﺪوﯾﮫ أو آﻟﯿﮫ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪه ﻓﻰ إدارة اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ و‪/‬أو اﻟﺘﮭﯿﺌﮫ‪ .‬وﻛﺤﺪ أدﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻰ أن ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﺗﻠﻚ‬
‫أدوات اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬
‫‪Tools‬‬ ‫اﻷدوات أﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮات اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻤﺖ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‪ .‬وﯾﺘﻀﻤﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﺎدة ﺗﻮارﯾﺦ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬
‫‪Change Log‬‬ ‫ﺳﺠﻞ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬
‫واﻷﺛﺎر اﻟﻤﺘﺮﺗﺒﮫ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ واﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﮫ واﻟﻤﺨﺎطﺮ‬
‫‪Change‬‬
‫‪Management‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺔ إدارة اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺛﻖ ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺑﻌﮫ واﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮات‬
‫‪Plan‬‬
‫‪Change Request‬‬ ‫طﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺘﺮح رﺳﻤﻰ ﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ أى وﺛﯿﻘﺔ أو ﺗﺴﻠﯿﻤﺎت)ﻣﺨﺮج( أو ﺧﻂ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻰ‬
‫‪Close Project or‬‬ ‫إﻏﻼق اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع أو‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻹﻧﺘﮭﺎء ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ اﻷﻧﺸﻄﮫ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮده ﻓﻰ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت إدارة اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﻟﯿﺘﻢ‬
‫‪Phase‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫إﻧﮭﺎء اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع أو اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ رﺳﻤﯿﺔ‬

‫‪Configuration‬‬
‫‪Management‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺔ إدارة اﻟﺘﮭﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺛﻖ ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ إﺟﺮاء إدارة اﻟﺘﮭﯿﺌﺔ‬
‫‪Plan‬‬

‫ﻧﻈﺎم ﻓﺮﻋﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻜﻠﻰ ﻹدارة اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‪ .‬وھﻮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﺮﺳﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺛﻘﺔ‬
‫‪Configuration‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﯿﮭﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﻨﯿﺔ واﻹدارﯾﺔ واﻹﺷﺮاف ﺑﮭﺪف‪ :‬ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ وﺗﺴﺠﯿﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻮظﯿﻔﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﺎدﯾﮫ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺞ‪ ،‬أو اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‪ ،‬أو اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬أو اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت؛ وﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬
‫‪Management‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم إدارة اﻟﺘﮭﯿﺌﺔ‬
‫ﯾﻄﺮأ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ؛ وﺗﺴﺠﯿﻞ واﻹﺑﻼغ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ وﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬه؛ وﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬
‫‪System‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪ ،‬أو اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‪ ،‬أو اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮاﻓﻘﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‪ .‬وھﻮ ﯾﺸﺘﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮﺛﯿﻖ‪ ،‬وﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻟﻀﺮورﯾﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﺢ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ وﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﺔ‬

‫‪Cost Benefit‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ واﻟﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺎرن اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﯿﻒ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺠﻠﺒﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬
‫‪Analysis‬‬
‫ھﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻨﮫ ﺳﻮاء ﻣﻨﺘﺞ أو ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‪ ،‬أو ﻗﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ أداء ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬وﯾﺠﺐ إﻧﺠﺎزه‬
‫‪Deliverables‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﻤﺎت)اﻟﻤﺨﺮج(‬
‫ﻹﻛﻤﺎل ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ أو ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ أو ﻣﺸﺮوع‬

‫‪Depreciation‬‬ ‫اﻹھﻼك‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ ﺗﻔﻘﺪ ﻗﯿﻤﺘﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮور اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬

‫‪Develop Project‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ وﺛﯿﻘﺔ ﺗﻤﻨﺢ اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﺔ رﺳﻤﯿﺎ ﺑﻨﺸﻮء ﻣﺸﺮوع‪ ،‬وﺗﻤﺪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﺑﺼﻼﺣﯿﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ ﻣﯿﺜﺎق اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
‫‪Charter‬‬ ‫إﺳﺘﻐﻼل ﻣﻮارد اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻓﻰ أﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
‫‪Develop Project‬‬
‫ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ ﺧﻄﺔ إدارة‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ وإﻋﺪاد وﺗﻨﺴﯿﻖ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﯿﺔ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ دﻣﺠﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺧﻄﺔ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻹدارة‬
‫‪Management‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
‫‪Plan‬‬
‫‪Direct & Manage‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﯿﺔ وإدارة أﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﻗﯿﺎدة وإﻧﺠﺎز اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد ﻓﻰ ﺧﻄﺔ إدارة اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع وﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮات اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪة ﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬
‫‪Project Work‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬ ‫أھﺪاف اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬

‫‪Economic Value‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔ‬

‫ﯾﻌﻨﻰ ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﯾﻌﯿﺪ إاﻟﻰ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎء‬
‫‪Added‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬

‫رأى ﯾﻘﺪم ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺒﺮات ﻓﻰ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ واﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ واﻟﺴﻠﻮك واﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﮫ إﻟﺦ‪ .‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﯾﺘﻼءم‬
‫‪Expert Judgment‬‬ ‫إﺳﺘﺸﺎرة اﻟﺨﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨﺸﺎط اﻟﻤﻨﺠﺰ وﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ ھﺬه اﻟﺨﺒﺮات ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ أى ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ أو ﺷﺨﺺ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻢ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ أو ﻟﺪﯾﮫ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ أو ﻣﮭﺎرة أو ﺧﺒﺮة أو ﺗﺪرﯾﺐ‬

‫‪Final Product,‬‬ ‫إﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ أو اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬

‫إﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﻲ أو اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ أو اﻟﻨﺘﯿﺠﺔ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺻﺮح ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع ﺑﺈﻧﺘﺎﺟﮭﺎ‬
‫‪Service or Result‬‬ ‫أو اﻟﻨﺘﯿﺠﺔ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬
‫‪Internal Rate of‬‬
‫‪IRR‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻌﺎﺋﺪ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة اﻟﺬى ﺗﺘﺴﺎوى ﻋﻨﺪه اﯾﺮادات وﺗﻜﺎﻟﯿﻒ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
‫‪Return‬‬
‫‪Law of‬‬
‫‪Diminishing‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻌﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﻼﺷﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‪ ،‬إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻼت ﻟﻦ ﯾﺆدى إﻟﻰ زﯾﺎدة ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﯿﺔ‬
‫‪Returns‬‬
‫‪Monitor and‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ واﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ وﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ وإﻋﺪاد ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺮ ﻣﺎﯾﺘﻢ إﺣﺮازه ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﺪم ﻧﺤﻮ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ أھﺪاف اﻷداء اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة‬
‫‪Control Project‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬ ‫ﻓﻰ ﺧﻄﺔ إدارة اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
‫‪Work‬‬
‫‪Net Present‬‬
‫‪NPV‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻌﻮاﺋﺪ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﯿﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺘﺮات اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ‬
‫‪Value‬‬
‫‪Opportunity Cost‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ اﻟﺒﺪﯾﻠﺔ‬ ‫ھﻰ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع اﻟﺬى ﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎره‬

‫اﻟﻤﺪة اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﺮﻗﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﺮداد اﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎراﺗﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﯾﺒﺪأ ﻓﻰ ﺟﻨﻰ‬
‫‪Payback Period‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮة اﻻﺳﺘﺮداد‬
‫اﻷرﺑﺎح‬

‫‪Perform‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ طﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ واﻋﺘﻤﺎد اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮات وإدارة اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮات اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻄﺮأ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫إﺟﺮاء اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫‪Integrated‬‬ ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﻤﺎت وﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﯿﺔ ووﺛﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع وﺧﻄﺔ إدارة اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع واﻹﺑﻼغ‬
‫‪Change Control‬‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻨﺴﯿﻘﮭﺎ‬

‫وﺛﯿﻘﺔ ﯾﺼﺪرھﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﻤﺒﺎدرة أو راﻋﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع وﺗﻤﻨﺢ اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﺢ اﻟﺮﺳﻤﻰ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﺸﺮوع‬
‫ﻣﺎ وﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺔ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻮارد اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻓﻰ أﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‪ .‬وھﻮ ﯾﻮﺛﻖ‬
‫‪Project Charter‬‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺜﺎق اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
‫اﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت واﻓﺘﺮاﺿﺎت وﻗﯿﻮد اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬واﺳﺘﯿﻌﺎب اﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﯿﻞ‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت رﻓﯿﻌﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ أو اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ أو اﻟﻨﺘﯿﺠﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة اﻟﺘﻰ ﯾﮭﺪف اﻟﻤﯿﺜﺎق إﻟﻰ ﺗﻠﺒﯿﺘﮭﺎ‬

‫‪Statement of‬‬
‫‪SOW‬‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎن اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫وﺻﻒ ﺗﻔﺼﯿﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪ ،‬أو اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت‪ ،‬أو اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﺗﻮﻓﯿﺮھﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
‫‪Work‬‬
‫‪Straight Line‬‬
‫اﻹھﻼك اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻮل ﺗﻔﻘﺪ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻓﺘﺮة زﻣﻨﯿﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة‬
‫‪Depreciation‬‬
‫ھﻰ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﺒﻒ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻢ إﻧﻔﺎﻗﮭﺎ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻰ اﺧﺬھﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ اﺗﺨﺎذ ﻗﺮار ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫‪Sunk costs‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﯿﻒ اﻟﮭﺎﻟﻜﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع أم ﻻ‬

‫اﻟﻘﯿﺎم ﺑﺎﻹﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﺪﻗﯿﻖ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ وﻣﺪﺧﻼﺗﮭﺎ وﻣﺨﺮﺟﺎﺗﮭﺎ ذات اﻟﺼﻠﺔ اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻰ دﻟﯿﻞ‬
‫‪Tailor‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺼﯿﻞ‬ ‫‪ ®PMBOK‬اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت إدارة اﻟﻤﺸﺮوﻋﺎت ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺠﺰﺋﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة اﻟﺘﻰ ﺳﯿﺘﻢ إدراﺟﮭﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻧﮭﺞ إدارة اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع اﻟﻜﻠﻰ‬

‫إﺟﺮاء ﻣﻨﮭﺠﻰ ﻣﺤﺪد ﯾﻮظﻔﮫ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺸﺮى ﻹﺟﺮاء ﻧﺸﺎط ﻣﺎ ﺑﻐﯿﺔ إﺧﺮاج ﻣﻨﺘﺞ أو ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ أو ﺗﺴﻠﯿﻢ‬
‫‪Technique‬‬ ‫اﺳﻠﻮب ﺗﻘﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﯾﻮظﻒ أداة واﺣﺪة أو أﻛﺜﺮ‬
Exercises:
(Assumption log, kick-off, tacit, Autocratic)
1. Described in Section 10.2.2.6. Networking allows informal connections and relations among
project stakeholders to be established and creates the conditions to share ‫ ـــــــــــــــــــــــ‬and
explicit knowledge.
2. ‫ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬Described in Section 4.1.3.2. The assumption log contains information about
assumptions and constraints identified as affecting the project.
3. ‫ ــــــــــــــــــــــ‬decision making. In this decision-making technique, one individual takes the
responsibility for making the decision for the entire group.
4. Types of meetings include but are not limited to ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــ‬, technical, sprint or iteration planning,
Scrum daily standups, steering group, problem solving, progress update, and retrospective
meetings.

Answers:
1. Tacit
2. Assumption log
3. Autocratic
4. kick-off
 ‫‪Identify Stakeholder‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﯿﻦ‬

‫‪Vocabulary & idioms for PMP:‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪Interdependencies‬‬ ‫اﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎدﯾﺎت‬

‫•‬ ‫‪Satisfaction‬‬ ‫إرﺿﺎء‬

‫•‬ ‫‪three-dimensional‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻰ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد‬

‫•‬ ‫‪multidimensional‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻷﺑﻌﺎد‬

‫•‬ ‫‪Political awareness‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻋﻰ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﻰ‬

‫•‬ ‫‪Teleconferencing‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺗﻤﺮات اﻟﮭﺎﺗﻔﯿﺔ‬

‫‪Word‬‬ ‫‪Abbreviation‬‬ ‫‪Meaning‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬

‫‪Control‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮوع وﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺎت واﻟﺨﻄﻂ‬
‫‪Stakeholders‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬ ‫ﻹﺷﺮاك اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﯿﻦ‬
‫‪Engagement‬‬

‫‪Identify‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻷﻓﺮاد أو اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت أو اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻟﺘﻰ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺆﺛﺮ أو ﺗﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﻘﺮار أو‬
‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎط أو ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‪ ،‬وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وﺗﻮﺛﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ذات اﻟﺼﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎھﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎﺗﮭﻢ‬
‫‪Stakeholders‬‬ ‫واﺷﺘﺮاﻛﮭﻢ وﺗﺮاﺑﻄﮭﻢ وﻓﺎﻋﻠﯿﺘﮭﻢ وﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮھﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺠﺎح اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬

‫‪leading‬‬ ‫ﻗﯿﺎدى‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ دراﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮوع واﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ وﻣﺸﺎرك ﺑﻔﺎﻋﻠﯿﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺿﻤﺎن ﻧﺠﺎح اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬

‫‪Legitimacy‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ‬

‫‪Manage‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮوع واﻟﺘﻌﺎون ﻣﻌﮭﻢ ﻟﺘﻠﺒﯿﺔ اﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎﺗﮭﻢ أو ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎﺗﮭﻢ‪،‬‬
‫إدارة ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﯿﻦ‬
‫‪Stakeholders‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
‫ورﺻﺪ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ وﻗﻮﻋﮭﺎ‪ ،‬وﺗﻌﺰﯾﺰ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﯿﻦ ﻓﻰ أﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺤﻮ‬
‫‪Engagement‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ طﻮال دورة ﺣﯿﺎة اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬

‫اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺨﻄﯿﻂ وﺗﻮﺟﯿﮫ وﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ وﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻷﻓﺮاد أو ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻷﻓﺮاد ﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬
‫‪Management Skills‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﮭﺎرات اﻹدارﯾﺔ‬
‫أھﺪاف ﻣﺤﺪدة‬

‫‪Neutral‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ دراﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮوع وﻟﻜﻨﮫ ﻟﯿﺲ ﻣﺆﯾﺪ وﻻ ﻣﻌﺎرض‬

‫‪Plan Stakeholders‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ وﺿﮫ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺎت إدارﯾﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻹﺷﺮاك اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻓﻌﺎل طﻮال‬
‫وﺿﻊ ﺧﻄﺔ إدارة اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﯿﻦ‬
‫دورة ﺣﯿﺎة اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎﺗﮭﻢ وﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﮭﻢ وﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮھﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺠﺎح‬
‫‪Management‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬

‫ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﺳﻠﻄﺘﮭﻢ ) اﻟﻨﻔﻮذ( وﻣﺴﺘﻮى اھﺘﻤﺎﻣﮭﻢ )‬
‫‪power-interest grid‬‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻮذ ‪ /‬اﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ( ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﻋﻮاﻗﺐ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
 ‫‪resistant‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎرض‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ دراﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮوع واﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ وﻣﻌﺎرض ﻟﻠﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬

‫وﺻﻒ ﻓﺌﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﯿﻦ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﻮذھﻢ ) اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮض إرادﺗﮭﻢ ( واﻹﻟﺤﺎﺣﯿﺔ )اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬
‫‪Salience model‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮذج اﻷھﻤﯿﺔ‬
‫إﻟﻰ اھﺘﻤﺎم ﻓﻮرى ( واﻟﻤﺸﺮوﻋﯿﺔ ) ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺘﮭﻢ (‬

‫‪Stakeholder‬‬ ‫اﺳﻠﻮب ﺗﻘﻨﻰ ﻟﺠﻤﻊ وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻜﻤﯿﺔ واﻟﻨﻮﻋﯿﺔ ﺑﻤﻨﮭﺠﯿﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ ﯾﺠﺐ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﯿﻦ‬
‫‪analysis‬‬ ‫اھﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎﺗﮭﻢ ﻓﻰ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬

‫‪stakeholder‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ ﺗﻮﺛﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻨﯿﯿﻦ واﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ وﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﻮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺜﻐﺮات ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‪ .‬وﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫‪engagement‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻹﺟﺮاءات واﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﺴﺪ ھﺬه اﻟﺜﻐﺮات ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫‪assessment matrix‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺸﺎرة اﻟﺨﺒﯿﺮ‬

‫‪Stakeholder‬‬
‫ﺳﺠﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫وﺛﯿﻘﺔ ﻣﺸﺮوع ﺗﺤﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ وﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ وﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻨﯿﯿﻦ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
‫‪Register‬‬
‫ﺷﺨﺺ أو ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ أو ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ او ﺗﺘﺄﺛﺮ او ﺗﺮى أﻧﮭﺎ ﺳﺘﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﺄى ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮارات‬
‫‪Stakeholders‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع أو أﻧﺸﻄﺘﮫ أو ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﮫ‬

‫‪Stakeholders‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺔ إدارة اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ھﻰ ﺧﻄﺔ ﻓﺮﻋﯿﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺧﻄﺔ إدارة اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع وﺗﺤﺪد اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬
‫ﺧﻄﺔ إدارة اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫واﻹﺟﺮاءات واﻷدوات واﻷﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﯿﺔ ﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﯿﻦ ﺑﻔﺎﻋﻠﯿﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻗﺮارات اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
‫‪Management Plan‬‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎس ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎﺗﮭﻢ وﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﮭﻢ واﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ‬

‫‪supportive‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ دراﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮوع واﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ وﻣﺆﯾﺪ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬

‫‪unaware‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪم اﻟﺪراﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ دراﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮوع واﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Urgency‬‬ ‫اﻹﻟﺤﺎﺣﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﮫ إﻟﻰ اھﺘﻤﺎم ﻓﻮرى‬

‫‪Exercises:‬‬
‫)‪(Interdependencies, supportive, identifying project stakeholders, Teleconferencing‬‬

‫‪1. The process of ………………. regularly and analyzing and documenting relevant information‬‬
‫‪regarding their interests, involvement, interdependencies, influence, and potential impact on‬‬
‫‪project success‬‬
‫‪2. Program management supports organizational strategies by authorizing, changing, or‬‬
‫‪terminating projects and managing their…………….. .‬‬
‫‪3. While face-to-face interactions are ideal, they can be expensive. …………………and technology‬‬
‫‪bridge the gap and provide numerous ways to connect and conduct a meeting.‬‬
‫‪4. Work performance data contains data on project status such as which stakeholders are‬‬
‫‪………………. of the project, and their level and type of engagement.‬‬

‫‪Answers:‬‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪identifying project stakeholders‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪interdependencies‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪Teleconferencing‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫‪supportive‬‬
PMBOK GRAMMER IN USE:

Present simple & future simple

Present simple tense:
We use the Present Simple to talk about things in general. We use it to say that
something happens all the time or repeatedly, or that something is true in general:
‫ أو ﻟﻺﺷﺎرة‬، ‫ ﻓﻨﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﮫ ﻟﻺﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ ﺷﺊ ﯾﺤﺪث طﻮال اﻟﻮﻗﺖ أو ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻣﺘﻜﺮرة‬.‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ اﻷﺷﯿﺎء ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬
.‫إﻟﻰ ﺷﺊ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﻰ‬

• The Present Simple is used to express habitual actions and facts.

.‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎدات وﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬
• In the affirmative, the Present Simple has the same form as the infinitive but add
“s” or “es” for the third person singular.
‫( إﻟﻰ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺘﮫ ﻣﻊ‬es) ‫( أو‬s) ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ھﻮ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻟﻜﻨﮫ ﯾﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺣﺮف‬
(‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد اﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ )إﺳﻢ أو ﺿﻤﯿﺮ‬

(E.g. A charter is the light that gives the project manager the authority to expend organizational
resources to achieve project objectives.)
(E.g. Control includes determining corrective or preventive actions or replanning and following up
on action plans to determine whether the actions taken resolved the performance issue)
(E.g. A refinement of brainstorming that allows individual participants time to consider the
question(s) individually before the group creativity session is held).

Exercise:
• There is an adaptation of the salience model that (substitute, substitutes)
proximity for legitimacy (applying to the team and measuring their level of
involvement with the work of the project)
• Any change to the project management plan (goes – go) through the
organization’s change control process via a change request.
• This (referred, refers) to a PMI project management framework.
Future simple tense (will + infinitive):
Future simple is used to express actions in the future or the speaker’s opinion about
the future.

.‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ أﺣﺪاث ﺳﻮف ﺗﻘﻊ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ أو ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ رأى اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪث ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
(E.g. Any change in a configuration element should be formally controlled and will require a
change request.)

Exercise:
Most changes (having - will have) some sort of impact on time, cost, resources, or
risks. (Will have).

Punctuation:

• Hyphen (-) ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻌﺎ‬

‫إذا ﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﻢ وﺿﻌﮭﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ ﯾﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
(E.g. Face-to-face).

• Comma (,) ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﯿﺔ واﻟﻌﺒﺎرات ﻋﻦ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ‬
‫إذا ﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﻢ وﺿﻌﮭﺎ ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻟﻦ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ وﺻﻒ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﯿﺔ‬
(E.g. Specific work performance metrics for scope, schedule, budget, and quality are
defined at the start of the project as part of the project management plan).

• Colon (:) ‫ﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﻢ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ او اﻗﺘﺒﺎس ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬

‫إذا ﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﻢ وﺿﻌﮭﺎ ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻟﻦ ﻧﻤﯿﺰ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ او اﻹﻗﺘﺒﺎس اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬
(E.g. Organizational need: Internal projects that help an organization operate better).

• Comma (,) ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﯿﺔ واﻟﻌﺒﺎرات ﻋﻦ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ‬
‫إذا ﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﻢ وﺿﻌﮭﺎ ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻟﻦ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ وﺻﻒ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﯿﺔ‬
(E.g. They can be reactive to a particular situation, or proactively planned, such as
developing a new medical device).

• Semi colon (;) ‫ﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺟﺰﺋﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬

‫إذا ﻟﻢ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﺈن ﺟﺰﺋﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺳﻮف ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮوا ﺟﻤﻠﺔ واﺣﺪة وﻟﻦ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻷﺟﺰاء‬
(E.g. When it is the start of a new phase of the project; When there are changes to the
organization structure or within the industry; When new individuals or groups become
stakeholders, current stakeholders are no longer part of the stakeholder community, or the
importance of particular stakeholders to the project’s success changes; and When outputs
of other project process areas, such as change management, risk management, or issue
management, require a review of stakeholder engagement strategies).