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Answers - Solid State - 03

Solid states

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Janvi S Gawade
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38 views2 pages

Answers - Solid State - 03

Solid states

Uploaded by

Janvi S Gawade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Solid State

Answer Sheet – 03
1. Discuss the magnetic behaviour of transition metal oxides.
Solution – Generally transition metal oxides are para or ferromagnetic by nature e.g. TiO, Ti 2O3, VO2, CuO
etc. are paramagnetic and CrO2 is ferromagnetic.
2. The ions of NaF and MgO all have same number of electrons and the internuclear distances are about the
same (235 pm and 215 pm). Why the melting point of NaF and MgO so different i.e. 982°C and 2642°C?
Solution – In NaF both sodium and fluorine ions have a charge of + 1 and – 1 respectively i.e. Na+ and F– but
in MgO solid it contains Mg+2 and O–2 ions. Due to more magnitude of charge there are strong columbic
forces of attraction between magnetism and oxygen, hence its M.P. is quite high.
3. Explain the following: (i) How does density of crystals change due to Schottky defect? (ii) White ZnO
becomes yellow on heating.
Solution – (i) In Schottky defect, there is a loss of matter due to loss of some cations and proportionate
number of anions. It causes decrease in density. (ii) On heating crystals of ZnO decompose.
∆ 1
𝑍𝑛𝑂 → 𝑍𝑛+2 + 2𝑒 – + 𝑂2
2
Excess of Zn+2 ions formed are trapped in the interstitial space and electrons are trapped in neighbourhood.
These electrons (causing F-centre) are responsible for absorbing radiations and emitting yellow light.
4. Assign reasons for the following: (i) Phosphorous doped silicon is a semiconductor. (ii) Some of very old
glass objects appear slightly milky instead of being transparent.
Solution – (i) When Si is doped with ‘P’ 4 valence electrons of ‘P’ get involved in the formation of four
covalent bonds with Si and the fifth valence electron of ‘P’ gets delocalised and conducts electricity. In this
way Si becomes n-type semiconductor.
(ii) In very old samples of glass objects some constituent particles slowly undergo disordered in their
arrangement. Hence, these objects appear slightly milky.
5. (a) What is anisotropy? (b) What is doping?
Solution – (a) Anisotropy: Crystalline substances show different values of certain properties such as
mechanical strength, conductance, refractive index etc. when measured through different angles and
different planes. It is called anisotropy.
(b) Doping: Intermixing of some pure elements with impurities of certain elements is called doping e.g., pure
Ge is doped with Al (p-type semiconductor).
6. Out of SiO2(s), Si(s), NaCl(molten) and Br2(l) which is the best electrical conductor?
Solution – NaCl (Molten) is best electrical conductor among all.
7. What is meant by superconductivity?
Solution – At low temperature, where a substance offers no resistance to the flow of electricity is called
superconductivity.
8. CaCl2 will introduce Schottky defect if added to AgCl crystal. Explain.
Solution – Two Ag+ ions will be replaced by one Ca+2 ion to maintain electrical neutrality. Thus a hole is
created at the lattice site for every Ca+2 ion introduced.
9. Lithium metal has a body centred cubic structure. Its density is 0.53 g cm–3 and its molar mass is 6.94g/mol.
Calculate the volume of a unit cell of lithium metal.
Solution – Given, Z = 2, NA = 6.022 × 1023, d = 0.53 g/cc, M = 6.94 g/mol V =?
𝑍𝑥𝑀
∵𝑑=
𝑁𝐴 𝑥 𝑎3 (𝑜𝑟 𝑉)

𝑍𝑥𝑀 2 𝑥 6.94
∴ 𝑉= = = 4.35 𝑥 10−23 𝑐𝑚3
𝑁𝐴 𝑥 𝑑 6.022 𝑥 1023 𝑥 0.53
10. The unit of an element of atomic mass 96 and density 10.3 g/cm 3 is a cube with edge length of 314 pm.
Find the structure of crystal lattice (simple cubic, fcc or bcc).
Solution – Given, M = 96, d = 10.3 g/cm3, a = 314 pm, NA = 6.022 × 1023 Z =?
𝑍𝑥𝑀
∵𝑑=
𝑁𝐴 𝑥 𝑎3 (𝑜𝑟 𝑉)

𝑁𝐴 𝑥 𝑎3 (𝑜𝑟 𝑉) 𝑥 𝑑 6.022 𝑥 1023 𝑥 (3.14 𝑥 10−8 )3 𝑥 10.3


∴𝑍= = =2
𝑀 96
Hence, It is BCC Crystal Lattice.

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