Vedaniti, Lear UNE Online JEE Main Important Chapter - Limits, Continuity and Differentiability Search your topic here JEE: Online JEE Coaching Mastering JEE Main Concepts of Li its, Continuity and Differentiability When we talk about calculus, we frequently notice that limits and continuity have a distinct and essential position due to their extremely different and important notions. The term limt, on the one hand, refers to the number that a function approaches, whereas the term function can be continuous or discontinuous. Positive discontinuity, Jump discontinuity, and Infinite discontinuity are the three types of discontinuity that fit into this category. Welll go through this topic in-depth with the help of solved examples in this part. JEE Main Maths Chapters 2024Vedaniti, Lear NEOnlne Bee UE Tord 1 Sets, Relations and Functions 9 Integral Calculus Complex Numbers and 10 Differential Equations Quadratic Equations 2 3 Matrices and Determinants 11 Co-ordinate Geometry Permutations and 4 = 12 _ | Three Dimensional Geometry Combinations 5 Mathematical Induction 13 | Vector Algebra 6 Binomial Theorem 14 | Statistics and Probability 7 Sequence and Series 15 | Trigonometry Limit, Continuity and 16 Math atical Re Differentiability ious bed ave manera Important Topics of Maths Limit, Continuity and Differentiability Chapter + Limits and Derivatives + Evaluating Limit + Algebra of limits + LHospital Rule + Function + Continuity and Differentiability + Continuity and Differentiability Properties and Formula + Limits Properties and Formula + Intermediate Value Theorem + Application of Derivatives + Maxima and Minima + Rolie's Theorem and Lagrange’s Mean Value TheoremLear UNE Online Maths Limit, Continuity and Differentiability Important Concepts For JEE Main What are Limits? The value obtained by a function f(x) at a point x=a is the value obtained by the function at a point very close to x=a Consider the limit of a reel-valued function f and a real number ‘a’, which is generally say that, lim f(z) = L if there is a number 6 for every number € such that |f() — L| < whenever 0<|e-al<6 Existence of Limit, Left Hand Limit and Right Hand Limit - Types of Limits Left Hand Limit - When a limit is described in terms of a number smaller than a, it is referred to as a left hand limit Ife writton ac #4 a> which ic the cama ac » — a — hwithh ~ Mandh 1 0Vedaniti, Lear NEOnlne Right Hand Limit - When a limit is described in terms of a number greater than a, it is referred to as a right hand limit. itis written as « — a*, whichis the same as z = a+ hwithh > 0 andh +0 Existence of Limit - A function's limit at a = a exists only if both its left and right hand limits exist, are equal, and have a finite value, .e., lim f(x) = lim f(z) ra za Limits and Functions A function may teach one of two limits. One in which the variable approaches its limit by taking values that are greater than the limit, and the other in which the variable approaches its limit by taking values that are smaller. The limit is not stated in this situation, although the right and left-nand limitations do exist "When the lim f(a za hand limit of f(x) at ‘a’ is stated to be this value A* is used, the values of f near x to the right of ‘a’ are used. The right When the lim f(x) — AW is used, the values of f near x to the left of ‘a’ are used. The left hand limit of f(x) at ‘a’ is referred to as this value. + The function's limit exists if and only if the left-hand limit is equal to the right-hand limit List of Important Formulas For Maths Limits ChapterLear NEOnlneVedaniti, Lear NEOnlne 12 1 Maths Limits Points to Remember F(z) If is the expected value of f at x = k stated the values of ‘fclose by x to the left side of k. This value is determined as the left-hand limit of ¥ at k If lim f(z) is the average value of f at x = k stated the values of f close by x to the ok right side of k This value is determined as the right-hand limit of f(x) at k + If the right-hand and left-hand limits meet each other, we state the common value as the limit of f(x) at x = k and represent it by lim F(z). One-Sided Limit The limit that relies completely on the values of a function considered at x -value that is moderately greater or less than @ particular value. A two-sided limit lim f(x) considers the valugs of x into account that are both larger than and smaller than k. A one-sided limit from the left side lim f(z) or from the right side lina f(x) considers only values of x that are smaller rok or greater than k respectively. Properties of Limit * The limit of a function is defined as f(x) as approaches K as x inclines to limit y, such that, lim f(x) =k.Vedaniti, Lear NEOnlne cs * The limit of the addition of two functions is equivalent to the addition of their limits, such that Lin f(x) + o(2)] = im f(2) + lim 92) . The limit of any constant function will be the constant term, such that, ine: =C. * The limit of multiplication of the constant and function is equivalent to the multiplacation of constant and the limit of the function, such that: limm f(x) = m lim f(z). zy zy * Quotient Rule of the limit of a function: lim[ 2") fe) zou g(z) Tims sy f(x) Tim, yy g(2) "9 Evaluation of Algebraic Limits Sometimes, when we look at a mathematical function, it can seem like i's heading towards infinity or a really big number as we get closer to a certain point. For example, if we're looking at the function 1 divided by the absolute value of x, as x gets closer and closer to 0, the result gets bigger and bigger, almost like it's going to infinity Some of the methods of evaluating limits include: * Direct Substitution Method: If we want to know the limit of a function as it approaches a certain point ‘a,’ we can simply plug in ‘a’ and see what value we get. If the function and some related expressions are all fixed at ‘a,’ then the limit is just the value we get by plugging in ‘a.’ Consider the following limits (i) limx—a f(x) and (ti) limx—a pxy"P(x) If f(2) and @(a)/\P(a) exist and are fixed real numbers and \Y(a) # 0, then we say that limx—a f(x) = f(@) and limxa_@(xV/¥O) = glay¥(a) * Factorization Method: When we try the direct substitution method, we end up with a tricky situation where we get 0 divided by 0. In such cases, we can use factorization. We break down the function into smaller pieces and see if there's something common in both the numerator and denominator that we can cancel outVedaniti, Lear NEOnlne Consider limx—a f(x)/g(x). If by substituting x = a, f(x)/g(x) reduces to the form 0/0, then (xa) is @ factor of both (x) and g(x). So, we first factorize f(x) and g(x) and then cancel out the common factor to evaluate the limit * Rationalization Method: This method is generally used in cases where either the numerator or the denominator or both involve expression consists of square roots and on substituting the value of x, the rational expression takes the form 0/0, »/= * Evaluation of Algebraic limits at infinity? When we're dealing sa really large peibery ite when 'x' goes to infinity, we can use lim; ,, Timt 50 some known limits, ik® the limit of — or to figure out what's happening. For x example 1 ry lim We know that and Then sc fle)= poh (,) y Limits using Sandwich Theorem: Sometimes, it's hard to directly figure out the limit. In such cases, we can use a handy theorem called the Sandwich Theorem. It tells us that if we have three functions, and we know that one is always smaller than another and they all approach the same limit, then the middie one approaches that same limit too. Let f(x), g(x) and h(x) be three real numbers having a common domain D such that h(x) $ (x) = g(x) V x € D. If limx—a h(x) = limx—a g(x) = |, then limx—a f(x) = |. This is known as Sandwich Theorem. L’Hospital Rule If the supplied limit lim m 1 is of the form Gore or on that is, both f(x) and g(x) are 0 or both f(x) and a(x) are infinity, then the limit can be solved using the L'Hospital Rule that is, tim £2) = tim £2) where f' (zz) and g' (zx) is obtained by differentiating f(x) and 9(x) rea g(a) 720 gz)’