Ray Gptis

(au
law CRefaetion trougle glass slob

lateval shift - t sili -x)

CoSY

2-hlnat is total iutennal YElection2

glt moves fom deuer madin
to YareY meuyn aud angle of iscideuce
qreater taan ortical auqle , iglat
totaly xEfteded ato the some medum
called tofal iatesal Yeflectèn
fox tatal itenal ref lectisn
i Liglet sauld tavel from deuser
to hedim.
YaYer
2 Avgle of inc idenca > rg Ciitical augle
Siai

h- xefractive inde
n

Yefachive iudex

=Sin c
 Rare
Y-q0

deuey Deese\

fbre optics
Picipla: etal iatexal efleciön

Coreloclti

TH Cousigt of teo parts core and cladaing

Refactive index of cole qreter tan
tat of clodclig Tt Can Yausni signals
from Me point to anotrex with less los
Calat itesity
Refkaction tncuglh spherical sufoce

hË - refactive ieadex /St

medis
efractive index f grd mslim
 tand = MN =MN
NO NO

tan p = MN B MN
M MI

tan = MN YMN
MC MC

Suells law
sinY

Y= -B

h MN n2 (MK - MN
NO MC MC MI

n
No MC MC MT

No MT MC

NO =-0 MI=V MCtR

Los Makey's fuala

Fo spherica Sufoce Ac

fox spheical suface ABe ADC

R R

TÊ cbiect is at o,image is at f
V=f
f

Tis Ler's maker's fomusle

fomla
Rejachis ncugh prisn
A

acidet xay
PQ Refsacted ay
QR
RS anqle of incidence
angle of refactien
anqle
iacideat ay an
anqle betue angle ot
is called
emeYeut
deviation

AQMR

+LOMR = l8o

=ite - , + )
+te-A

At deviachien
 oAne

Angle of ncily
iASn
deviathon
Sin AtSm
22
SinY
sin A
aiy= |

Eyepiece
Chjachva
Fo fe

H cees'sts two corvex lese

Objecte leleni has shoxt focal lenqlh
Eyepiece has lnge focal lengtk
beyond fo, objective
lense
dbjeot
produces
is placed
real, inverfed magne
lmage
ast as a Viztual obiect for yepie
 is uitth- in
Fe fiacl
inaguifled
iverted fur ther and
Yespect to eal
cbject
tan& h
tan &=h

hagaifiafien
bËecbive
by mo fo

me Ve
eyepiece 3 Ue

fe Ve e

Ve fe
Ve
e fe
Ve- least
fe
distaut of
dishinct visien)
me = t D
fe
at neatpeit
is
Total niaguificcton
fo )
(or) -Vo

at
Eial
Total maqnipzatien fo fe ue fe
 tbjective a Lompound microscepe
Sict and siort foal lergthe
Shatey toe focal lergt qreater is
the maicatsn
Yeduce splrevcal abenatisn , f
Hee abertune of cbjectie
takern shot

Delins DoweY a ens wite

eite it
it unit.
Dekece L+ L

Powex
LonvegenL CY oliverqence pccuced
shen alt is faling on t .
unif dipte

Fincm)

fox fihst

Fo
 focal eqth of com bination
focal length.

P, + P>

(fox tuiIXOY
Magpiflcatisn m

Magniflcatisn. m=

12 Refactng telescop

Eyepieu.
Objec hve

length of the teles cope (Lf tfe

9bjechive lews focal lenq ta
largo focal
eye piece slroxter focal aagth
 AODNO

IDATE:

at ee
by inage at
subtended
Arale subtedled by object
Augle
m
fe
to

fe

fe

of reflecting telescepe
g) Draw the diaqnam
diag xam
wrnte h advantages Concave i r

towex MirDY.

As thexe abenation
claromatic

2. Liglit gathering poLweris highex to get

kigh Yesolutioo
eastex to handle
Tt is chea per to make mimos o
laage diameter