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Design and Analysis of Algorithm (DAA) Notes

DAA

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shanmathi0905
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30 views

Design and Analysis of Algorithm (DAA) Notes

DAA

Uploaded by

shanmathi0905
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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Unit-a. Brule fovea % pivtdo and tongeus. Pamte force = string matelubg Eehasistive steasch - Traveling «qlesman problenn - | Adsighmante problem . Muthpl knapsack problem — Divioe and tongues mutrodology — cahion af dange ategers and strartinlt matrfoc mulipteation — closest pats and convex. thull problems. Pectanse And tonguan :- Tpologfeal sorhing —Transfom “ae \ PAetowhing — Heaps and Heap Sort. Brute Aovee i : Brwbe dover 139 a Straight forward approach ‘te ales + problem, wiablp iach, bated ote poblen LgabemaAk anf “aapissivons,. a Me, concept pwvolvad | : a me Bhupe Pree approach “Just do tt! | Far Eazporantfahion problem: | Compute andor 4 pon 2+1° pumbs a and a | iis nono negahice Intager ?« aN es ARs FA uU~or ‘n tienes YD Consecupie categer checking algorithn Aor computing, gACm/nd 3 pefinition » tublp hication + oy Bote force epprenct, con be used 407 : mrad plication, 3 s burg. matching. k aged) alporSsom for madstae L abet Sorting, gnagchiog's f pak teagt some fo ypetd Arasonable— altgordion of j, pabeance: Site. 16 40 (indtation on Fst practical value with : => Application fp areta-fover approach fe ns problem o Sorting — S$électfen Sort & Pintle PTE * kK Brke Horeca 18 Applfeoble te wide D macal - Problems . henarat approach for fen oes ate ant to Point uk problems ae ages i 4 Pi ee 9 Selectyon sore Sfete by scanning Hr entire Given Usk cra’ ged tes lamadlese ( ebernenibl anda "3~ Ze sith the Abr st element » putiiag the sags, sen er Ab irs Hinat possoren, ai tan, Koxred ae - 2) Ase etexting aes Lecond Pi oP Say), clement to dnd We Smallest amongins, lash ro! alapronts nd eacharigedg ba uitr tre tecond efemant Aion: by pething ta Aecoud dmallect element fp tis Pinal \podtdto a Ten Sean he Ireatey 2 on, ian pars trough ahs Upae ,| abgsosfnm geatehes! 407 A omalleet prem) anion 3! tra. base, wfta “Ape ‘ h-f elemons and swaps te Ae ) 4s 688° Fosi2q, 34, 89 ge wma for bBpt AF 34 8F Saale Be ston. AaaE EF PF \ fee atg (2 daa)s Fe, BENET ; io og. oa as aie. Beg 19 29. «34 4s be ae (Jo. Bubble Sort: ose Oar Compare adyacont elamants og tex 75k and erchange Tham if trey ore our of orden. Te ‘bubble up! te laugert clamank to tis lave position on tus list: a ee Dus next pasg bubbles tp ter. decond (urgese + Agtes ny passes me (Pet aortesd, i A 2 : 1< bacon, A, A Aan cla Lar fn tna A 307th pubble Bort CA Co---n-1tD U corte a given aad bY beibbfe | 6824) i Ue Drpsk * Am oAnaig. (4 DO-- nary & andga 4 \ : ekaments pag Aen Rid gorred ko G ourpre * sagt non decrsarcng orden: for! feo dy na) do , for Jo 9 pe ncaa, pat geiy< acs do swap ATI and AGH AR RA 8 aq Ib, Sar ge as 68 4 29 is apraighe forwaid . > ts) \: Dp. bubbles ore elomante n+ 2 anotyet 2D Tapa oie 3 > Baste ope ato given bg. ren | mrober A n Ja kelp) compartsan. 5 necigi. Hogs Ae 7? , guiag sae and Be a7ee" bey The pfollowwtog 3 neal nood 13 ee = ie See 20 Seo oh cC Ca-R-1> O40 we wen cn199 & Oinrd — > 89¢545 68 Fo 29 24 = 2 4s 894568 10 25 ? OY. 19 m 4s és: 8949 Fot> 24 ian a 45 bg 89 294 90,2524 i ase fe ge) z 25 34 Goth 4s 6e 89 29 34 «17+ f Go is 2 A AS <3 68 +> 994524 % 19 | go 4586s tog 3925 24 19 J 43 4s be 29) :[email protected] e94%s109) 90 as 68 29° Bq. 19 | 89 ai eke. + Brute Aoree String mastering + Shag materung problem. Dnhcen & oping OM Charackers called ana teak and A String Fm chorackers (msn? Called tie pater ; dind a Substesng ef he fexk thak matches he parrern : 2 we vant te ind f- tua sdelon of far legemae chatacker of he Birse matching. gucbeh sing. ab tha. park Buch that ERs Por eee bray { HP ee Eee = Pm! we by, eT bo «ee by aa bray weet Ef iy t u athe’ fe See PEER bt hte ON Alsorrion Brute force offing Mateh CT CO-~ nats P Doe. m=ry) U torplemants brute Sorca. Spofag madch~B hora cbons A anput shy auay TConn1d a” Aspessenting a deck And an auay PLo--.m-lj Aepreenting a pattern am an ACERS 0 output: Tre toden gy tan obirskh characke? £2 fas dexk: mak spares a matehsg substog or AE he eaith is unsuceess fet» :! for feo te a-m do jee while j Problem can be modeled by a weighted graph auitn He Baphis vertices Kepreserting tha cites and tre Age weights spedpprs ta Adtances. 7? Pron tes problemi can be staked | as te problem ey indies. tue Shortest Mamt)-tontan Cini teal. acaPh «4 ( : = tye ldontan aby cute 3B delice: as a eycle thak passes Hough all he VeAeok @ prs Graph eaacly Once + 9 Yamildonian rad an also be defined a8 A daguance. nel advacent vestioes \ Vigo Vito Pq te were tas first verter of tHe deqrence B the Sams 08 dn lark. ona and all ofne, h-f Vextitas Ve Abtin ck s Tino compres D> Oon-0! \ Vn Toy, 2 bocsdisa he atari? a)8 Abo d5e 5a a= eraties, ol \ 2 PRmat 8 esbi5doa A= 5t8 4349-23 2b odispsa Aa St)aagael ophimat Adobe. a,, A= G43 ¢845°23 Q>d se sbsa A= De HEI yr Knapsatk problem > Bite b Stem, of Know) Weighbd Wy) Wal” valued Vijvpy sv) and al knapsack of eapacteg s Find hee, most yaluable Subset rE, tems tnak Ae ab ne knapedi |: ‘ si Tine, complesiy 1,24 Me -t 54 L133 W nee Feasible Las ta fo: feastbhle 1 2/33 Bi dso 42,45 @ 435 13,45 4 $65 : 812033 le nok feasible 12745 Is not feasthle a1444 1G vot feasible £2,345 net feasfble not feasible - £12,344 — 14 THs traveling salesman and Enapsack problems O. ghel tne ‘best known examples 4 Npihard probleme . Adssignmeank problem. Oc D> Teere c22 9 People who noed + ba assignad do execute n_jobs » One person per job - DP Tee cask will sheruase Af Tee te Pate WB axsigned to tre jim fob ts a Kn dun qhantry ehh a Aor eath pais Wey aT, ay pO 7, Tae, poe Bb te tind an aI are ‘Corty ne minimum total east: > A Bmatt eshonce: ep Wis problem rotlows Beftn tue rade entrtes nepratenting his assignment cones ZC 1 ‘i uh VJebi' | Jobs) Tob Jeb F coy Peston og a aha gee Pergon 2 t 4. 3 LA uy, Person 3 fe) Bee. ! é Pergon + r 6 ae ea 4 . c= z ea ‘ pine compleety a 2 se le = Blo? 76 494 <1134> cosh = Wt 4eleg 18 <1 2,4,3> Cost = F4G484+9=30 X<13,2045 cose = U4 B+8tar rt 1) 3/4,27 Cos = FH 348rh~ 26 eke-- X1,4,0/37 OSE = THF4OHI= 33_ @sSé = Ft Fritb = Opbinat Assignment 1g (024173942 = 2ESHIFG AL example stu cose matrin <2) 3, 4,17 sbdlicabes | Ties aseignment of person! fo sob 2, Peison 2 +s soba, Person 2 40 Job 4\ and person’ 4 to Tob), Sa \ mea Ray Divetcle inns, egpigulin’ ne ‘ Fk work according. to tw Apllowning generat Plan > 4A problem is divided apts everat’ ub problems fos. shame type » fdeally e res equal ‘Size sg leed ' > The Sub problams Aa Lol § > Ts Aofutions fo tha cub peotleenis, Oke, combined to Feb 4 delution fo Ns oxjgtnal problem. FE, eh us onsider tne problem of on fam of K wernberd App toe Anny Ty nyt, we can dfeide te’ problem into duo aster’! Ato dame problem + Prorlem of hee D) 4 ae Bats problem 7 Zabprotlem 2 of size M13 op sim A/a. Lt v Solution Solution to Subpreblem) ; bluh'on to the Of ginal problem <> to Compute tte sm ap Attest (Wa) numbers and fo compute tux um ts tomatring (nig) numbers . oS le Gan add then walucs 19 geb te Sus. Wore ny = Chott 4 enjga- + Cappy tot AnH: Merge sovt * ' ‘a > oe perfect etample qua Guccesepul appitcation othe Bivicle and conyter echntqgue ' > db sorte a given anay 4 Do. etd bye dtetditg ik sto hwo halves ACo-- Cn/ag—19 and ALCwatn-td- = Sorting cath F thom ce cusstvelly and thin marging re hwo Smaller gorted amays tote % singke worted one: Algorith Mergesort CA Lo PIF) Isorrg araag A Con r-'I by Ancwittie morgesore | trpat dn arday AL nly & orclerable elomonts , Y owrpok': “Array A ors nid oxted in non deceashg oven Ab not copy AL o-- Capay iste & Pow Crj2 I-17 copy AL En/ag-- 2-3 to @ Lov Cojay-td Her gesort (BLO cr/a)-19? Herge sort COLO = Erjet-tP Merge (86,49 Mgoritim ueage 6 Brio p0se FO His? A Doin PEEP 7 mages two Sorted Waapae : Adrougs BLO U outpak : Sorted Array A Do-n- GBpande feo, feorkee Auer Time compleritg = &) 60,109,809 wile fzp ondjzq 4o 44 etige tid Ated< Bcigie Letey ase Arredee Cfoe Sosa K te divides PME tafi'seoap acto 6fF | " : bp a dro <' pivet Cu sowep 9 Gf 7m Pie 4 2 i 3 A’ 4 ppc i 3 pap, Swapacio® fh Bera OSL MBE a cpa ba RE s we Ao thd, acizcertct 4] 4 BUR ALfa » Pive aT yah 95 hme complectty. = @tn logan) ’ en Algoridton ; Quick sort CA Dl I) 7 sorts) a cub OAnay by quregsore 7 Topuk : Bupavay ef aviary nl defined by its Agtand eight Indices (and A D oudpan Veivcannay 4 Db Fg sent aan non decreasing ordey ap aca \ ‘ Se partition CACA-- Ad2. Ae split Pos Qutekort CAL 4--. 8-15) Gree sork CAC SHI 732 , Al gorittiim ¢ Hoare Partrdfon CAL he 437 D pottitton a tabarvjay by Hoorets algarithn, using: dine! Atvst elamank 2 a Prrok nid, Aafinsd A capst: Sabatay of aed. A Co by 58 deft ond Righe indfees Rand ACAD Y owkpak : partition of A Gb A In wotth te Splié pesttion Achitned a3 tris puncdion’s valus— be acas Pehs je mt) ‘ Aopeck i Aspaak Petes unbl ACia2.P Aspen j mulbplication of n | ates num bes Reupires 2 Wa numbers s ) Ay mubpication = Recwwuence equapon ruby |reahtoo 1 Mendiaia im anpaidtton 7% ln \ ORY bb gaed f ri ay n= l9k vaio ot sui ak Po! swic'ak ol a t ayy F 3.3 4cas? 7), = aruda J. Vo 4s Mase . A “Ka arm ca Tova g* wea Daas ) SG k= gee ~ lege? @e loga 4 1 t in oe gc ak il MA) 2 Loh al 91922 ee nlt5°5 Ob N A zeenlsy mabe: us eatin Va vos saat Normak muathiplfcatfon. (Bpure doves’ mesial 5! acces we Dey ; ten 2 bol | TAéb bad Ah bio eck boi + Vei* * [sa a)s be. a Ee 4 |} Alot boot Aui* Bho: Ast bor + Ow" © \ i t Ty ) ao PDL involees 9 eG) 4 Ade ‘ a. | pur Stvassenls malice abvelves “h mubb'plicabton anol Ie additions /Subprach'ans ie et Boo Ao) [en “Dawa, + fibest ef J = tn ang fon len at M3+Ms fy erty m3 M+ al | 3 whee | \ B 5 \ Me Coot 4nd 4 Choo tb? Moe CAgt 4? * boo, My = Ago 46 bo, - bu)? M4 = Ay * Cbjp— be?” As I8) ms ‘= = CAog +40, DK By sy 6 Mies, ¢ ie Foot Cboo + bos? crt Nae CB oh 4nD* Cb ot ud - et me oy Ue A and) \B be fio, nxn Power of 2° { the ‘Can, maprsees whete 1 bw olivide A 1 & and hid preduck 0 ne os n/gx a ees matrices Ach as sfollows Goo ) Cot Bod Ach o Cro - Te An LT as eae Example: 5 lo eo7 one multiply An 2 “iliye iad a otrassenta mi yutiip lication Formula = fe mit mg — mst Me ma +4 mats ray m3 - Mat a { mye! Coot) feo beotybu > a = Ctr Conde Main C4yo 4 2% boo = Cori ptone mes = bo %) Cibo t. bn 2 = VK Ct = ol E (0-094 9 Wg = Ay # (bjo~ hoe? ~ 1 pokes, Bees ey Ot ms = C Qoo + 010” 7" aap D4,C ber a bnd= G-19% (oJ 0 ‘tbo ME = (ay, - \ i Cot2* a= -) my = Car aydt (hte grata hom ty ] hs 00. ear The : Cro ey ote g-i¢ote |. yg ak a lee Coy = Ee o'}: cue aa?) en ed mu ore a 4 ' ee Kk \ tat ‘oie aoc oF ; mehcar art Sb | Ke loge ry: i 109. ay tegs? Cl a Aa: Ce ee rs) Hytena | ere ee ” a gees shan 4H Oaeaiea bye pub) force Mende which, 3 atgortthn « Ki Glossab- Pair and convex Hull hpi sbiets hs bea Conapsen + ‘ Closest pats problem» 5 lb phe a veese! op! np, (pataba ab) Mas iy Pith a Cortorian Plane ( D> WL con Aichi ports Viocho: RAT ceubsseks Pr and Pe of Mh and es pornks respectively hy dtowuting Vertical Waa Hough the median ny 4 deeb 2 Coordinakas- fo Tat CM/sJ potnts We totes lege ef orion ha Wine tHsel€ and Ch/2T. Potnte We to tne ight Of OF On tee ine (ind \ > Ten! We con Boker Clossk- pols problem Arcursively for subsets PK and Py) ) ead tae Aland dy be me mallesk Aisbances behuesr | pos GB poinds fo Rand Py Aespocttvely . ' det de mab Ladi det (7? Mob chat dite nop | nacersartly te, eoallest aibtance behueen alldne potnk pata because, points a om cleser fon Can We On the Opposite tides ep se Kepatating Vine - mem 4 Cavey + Of p snoviel ' ; ! Closeze ‘pale % ! VV PY ye irate Hs mectangl + goth ion a AYfteient closest: pars (722, 1 Solos ike closest pair priblech by Atetde! ard Cony. Input! An aay Pep nz2 petars ib tee conbestan Plans sorted S91: on denrensg- order GP trod & Coordibakes and an artay & F< Pale, Borax: Points Morred sh Won clecrastng, Om 4, OFA, sy, coor dbates (outpur : Euclidian Aisha nent jbepraecs te eloyese Pai Cf Points « 6 andy By 6 p19? Cob Lod pa ae i ain, 62 Coy Be 2a Cyy ABW Has Wirt ot ASrance! “a Ww Lad jgpeas nie wpa, 6055 © ohute L Hee “algo tttemii ) rat ait 4a ‘Rests. (0 a da” i Copy. tue Attest CVn Potnks oF * fo auray Le Copy ts Same, Cnj2J Ports bem @ to aur)y Pe copy ta nemeantatiog (n/a) Potabs @ Pte Bak Pam Copy tea. | Same Cra) pornre Aven te avez Es dye epfrctent closest, Pad C Pty @4?: dye Bffictentk closes paks € Pa, Qad Ae mo £dssda¥ : ' ; ued RBs fieyaT al nm copy. al the. potnds ge qo for Wich lio Adto AAML & Lor. mun 57 dmibsq eq ‘for Seo fomum-2 do Kip) i \ ny wile Kenum-l ad CoCKI-g-Sf79- yore facies, Amasa < md COCK 2 - SCPD ay C SCKD-y — SCY” Say \ dobar hun Sore Cd m4) Te atlad + $n) whee fn) € Den. THI & Oln logy Conver Hull problem: A bore of Pointe “> tu plane 48 calles Connor ip fox any hwo potake p and 4 ths, eek; due enbire line ctogmank ULtth tus end pofnte ak rand | % belongs tote \aob, i con vere Oobs Commerce: hull dor this 22k ob Sigh polnbs 22 ns tonvex polygon «tty PAS Cs Eb Pa cord Be extreme GS thse Potent & 4 ronver till, protien seh. .lfrefda and Conger ts cated Qaece, Wk, TE : a ippoed band take Hele Gara of quick rail. Of 4 Boki ef polats

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