THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MEC 3352 – STRENGTH OF MATERIALS II

Stresses Due To Rotation in

Discs and Cylinders
Kalupa C S, August 2019
Stresses Due to Rotation
• Circular discs such as flywheels rotating at very high speeds, experience
large centrifugal forces caused by rotation
• Here, we will look at the stresses of such rotating machine members or
parts
• We assume the density of the material is uniform through out, and we
consider the following cases:
1) Rotating rings
2) Thin Discs
3) Thick Discs
4) Discs of uniform strength
5) Cylinders
THIN ROTATING RING
• Consider a thin rotating ring with the following parameters
1) r = mean radius of the ring (m)
2) t = thickness (m)
3) ρ = density of the ring (kg/m3)
4) 𝜔 = angular velocity of the ring (rad/s)
5) Fc = centrifugal force
6) 𝜎𝑐 = circumferential or Hoop stress
• In the analysis, the following assumptions are made:
1) The circumferential stress at a give cross section of the ring is
uniform
2) Dimensions of the cross section are small compared to the ring
radius
3) Constraining effect of the spokes is negligible
THIN ROTATING RING
• We consider a thin ring or cylinder rotating with an angular velocity 𝜔 rad/s
• The rotation results in a radial pressure (centrifugal force) caused by the
centrifugal effect of its own rotating mass.

• The centrifugal force on a unit length of the circumference due to the pressure
p is: 𝑝 = 𝑚𝜔2 𝑟
• The equilibrium of half the ring per unit length is: 2𝐹 = 𝑝(2𝑟)
THIN ROTATING RING
• The force 𝐹 is the hoop tension set up due to rotation:
𝐹 = 𝑝𝑟 = (𝑚𝜔2 𝑟)r = 𝑚𝜔2 𝑟 2
• The hoop stress (𝜎𝑐 𝑜𝑟 𝜎𝜃 ) is given by
𝐹 𝑚𝜔2 𝑟 2 𝑚 2 2
= = 𝜔 𝑟
𝐴 𝐴 𝐴
• As we are considering a unit length, the ratio
𝑚
𝐴
is the mass of
the material per unit volume which is the density 𝜌:
• Thus
𝜎𝜃 = 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 2 (3.1)
Example
A wheel of diameter 600mm has a thin rim of density 6600kg/m3. If the material of the
rim as a modulus of elasticity of 200GN/m2, compute the
a) Number of revolutions per minute that are possible if the stress is limited to
120MN/m2
b) Change in the diameter of the rim
Solution 𝜎𝜃
𝜀𝜃 =
𝜎𝜃 = 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 2 𝐸
120*106 = 6600* 𝜔2 (0.3)2 𝛿𝑑 120 ∗ 106
=
𝜔 = 449.466 rad/s 𝑑 200 ∗ 109
2𝜋𝑁
𝜔= 120 ∗106
60 𝛿𝑑 = 0.6 ∗ = 0.36*10-3m
449.466∗60 200∗ 109
𝑁= = 4292.089 rpm = 0.36mm
2𝜋
ROTATING THIN DISC
• Consider a circular disc with inner radius r1 and outer radius r2, rotating about its
axis at an angular velocity 𝜔 rad/s.
• We make the following assumptions:
1) Disc has uniform thickness (t)
2) Thickness is small compared to the diameter
3) There is no variation of stress along the thickness
4) There is no normal stress at the free flat surfaces and the shear stress is zero
5) Due to the assumption in (4) the axial direction is a principle axis
6) Displacement of any point is due to stress in the radial direction
7) Radial and circumferential (hoop) stresses are principle stresses
• We consider an infinitesimal element in the disc at a radius r and with the following
parameters defined as follows:
ROTATING THIN DISC
• Variables:
1) 𝜎𝑟 = stress on CD
2) 𝜎𝑟 + 𝑑𝜎𝑟 = stress on AB
3) 𝜎𝜃 = hoop stress (constant)
• The volume of the element (ABCD) is =
𝑟𝑑𝜃. 𝑑𝑟. 𝑡
• The centrifugal force is 𝐹𝑐 = 𝑚𝜔2 𝑟
𝐹𝑐 = 𝜌 ∗ 𝑟. 𝑑𝜃. 𝑑𝑟. 𝑡 ∗ 𝜔2 𝑟
• Force on face AB is 𝐹𝐴𝐵 = 𝜎𝐴𝐵 ∗ 𝐴
𝐹𝐴𝐵 = 𝑟 + 𝑑𝑟 . 𝑑𝜃. 𝑡 ∗ (𝜎𝑟 + 𝑑𝜎𝑟 )
• Force on CD is 𝐹𝐶𝐷 = 𝜎𝐶𝐷 ∗ 𝐴
𝐹𝐶𝐷 = 𝑟. 𝑑𝜃. 𝑡 ∗ 𝜎𝑟
• Forces on faces AD and BC are 𝜎𝜃 ∗ 𝑡. 𝑑𝑟
ROTATING THIN DISC

• From the equilibrium of forces in the radial direction

𝑑𝜃
𝑟𝑑𝜃. 𝑡. 𝜎𝑟 + 2𝜎𝜃 . 𝑡. 𝑑𝑟. sin = 𝜎𝑟 + 𝑑𝜎𝑟 𝑟 + 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃. 𝑡 + 𝜌𝑑𝜃. 𝑑𝑟. 𝑡𝜔2 𝑟 2
2
• Since 𝑑𝜃 is very small sin
𝑑𝜃
2
is approximately equal to
𝑑𝜃
2
and
neglecting the terms 𝑑𝜎𝑟 . 𝑑𝑟, in the expansion and simplification, we get;
𝜎𝜃 . 𝑑𝑟 = 𝜎𝑟 . 𝑑𝑟 + 𝑟. 𝑑𝜎𝑟 + 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 2 𝑑𝑟
• Dividing through out 𝑑𝑟 by and rearranging we get
𝑑𝜎𝑟
𝜎𝜃 − 𝜎𝑟 = 𝑟. + 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 2 (i)
𝑑𝑟
ROTATING THIN DISC
•A rotating disc ( at high speed) of radius 𝑟 become enlarged by 𝑢 and
similarly 𝑟 + 𝑑𝑟 become 𝑟 + 𝑑𝑟 + 𝑑𝑢 . The circumferential strain;
2𝜋 𝑟 + 𝑢 − 2𝜋𝑟 𝑢
𝜀𝑐 = =
2𝜋𝑟 𝑟
•The radial strain is
𝑟+𝑑𝑟+𝑑𝑢 − 𝑟+𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑢
𝜀𝑟 = =
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟
•Referring to the stress/strain relationship, the following equations are
derived:
1 𝑢
𝜀𝑐 = 𝜎𝑐 − 𝜈𝜎𝑟 =
𝐸 𝑟
ROTATING THIN DISC
𝑟
𝑢= 𝜎𝑐 − 𝜈𝜎𝑟 (ii)
𝐸
1 𝑑𝑢
𝜀𝑟 = 𝜎𝑟 − 𝜈𝜎𝑐 = (iii)
𝐸 𝑑𝑟

Differentiating equation (ii) w.r.t r, we get

𝑑𝑢 𝑟 𝑑𝜎𝑐 𝑑𝜎𝑟 1
= − 𝜈 + 𝜎𝑐 − 𝜈𝜎𝑟 (iv)
𝑑𝑟 𝐸 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝐸
From (iii) and (iv)
1 𝑟 𝑑𝜎𝑐 𝑑𝜎𝑟 1
𝜎𝑟 − 𝜈𝜎𝑐 = − 𝜈 + 𝜎𝑐 − 𝜈𝜎𝑟
𝐸 𝐸 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝐸
ROTATING THIN DISC
1 𝑟 𝑑𝜎𝑐 𝑑𝜎𝑟
𝜎𝑟 − 𝜈𝜎𝑐 − 𝜎𝑐 + 𝜈𝜎𝑟 = −𝜈
𝐸 𝐸 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝜎𝑐 𝑑𝜎𝑟
𝜎𝑟 − 𝜎𝑐 1 + 𝜈 = 𝑟 − 𝜈 (v)
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟
• Substituting (i) into (v)
𝑑𝜎𝑟
𝜎𝑐 − 𝜎𝑟 = 𝑟. + 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 2 (i)
𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝜎𝑟 2 2 𝑑𝜎𝑐 𝑑𝜎𝑟
1+𝜈 −𝑟. − 𝜌𝜔 𝑟 = 𝑟 − 𝜈
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟
• Simplifying we get
𝑑
𝜎𝑟 + 𝜎𝑐 + 1 + 𝜈 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 = 0 (vi)
𝑑𝑟
• Integrating (vi), we get
𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 2
𝜎𝑟 + 𝜎𝑐 + 1 + 𝜈 = 𝐶1 (vii)
2

𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 2
𝜎𝑐 = 𝐶1 − 𝜎𝑟 − 1 + 𝜈
2
• Substitute into equation (i)
𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 2 𝑑𝜎𝑟
𝐶1 − 𝜎𝑟 − 1 + 𝜈 − 𝜎𝑟 = 𝑟. + 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 2
2 𝑑𝑟

𝑑𝜎𝑟 3+𝜈
2𝜎𝑟 + 𝑟 = 𝐶1 − 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 2
𝑑𝑟 2
• Multiplying both sides by r
𝑑𝜎 𝑟 3 + 𝜈
2𝑟𝜎𝑟 + 𝑟 2 = 𝐶1 𝑟 − 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 3
𝑑𝑟 2
𝑑 𝑟 2 𝜎𝑟 3+𝜈
= 𝐶1 𝑟 − 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 3
𝑑𝑟 2
• Integrating both sides
2 4
𝑟 3 + 𝜈 𝑟
𝑟 2 𝜎𝑟 = 𝐶1 − 𝜌𝜔2 + 𝐶2
2 8 4
𝐶1 𝐶2 3+𝜈 2 2
𝜎𝑟 = + − 𝜌𝜔 𝑟 (3.2)
2 𝑟2 8
• Substitute equation 3.2 into (vii)
𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 2
𝜎𝑟 + 𝜎𝑐 + 1 + 𝜈 = 𝐶1 (vii)
2
𝐶1 𝐶2 3+𝜈 2 2
𝜎𝑟 = + − 𝜌𝜔 𝑟 (3.2)
2 𝑟2 8
2 2
𝐶1 𝐶2 3+𝜈 2 2
𝜌𝜔 𝑟
+ 2− 𝜌𝜔 𝑟 = 𝜎𝑐 + 1 + 𝜈 = 𝐶1
2 𝑟 8 2

𝐶1 𝐶2 1+3𝜈 2 2
𝜎𝑐 = − − 𝜌𝜔 𝑟 (3.3)
2 𝑟2 8
• Constants C1 and C2 can be determined from boundary conditions
ROTATING SOLID DISC
• For a solid disc r1=0 at the centre and since the term
𝐶2
𝑟2
results in
infinite stress, we take it that C2=0, and we have the following
expressions for stress.
𝐶1 3+𝜈
𝜎𝑟 = − 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 2
2 8
𝐶1 1 + 3𝜈
𝜎𝑐 = − 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 2
2 8
• At r= r2 (outer radius) the radial stress 𝜎𝑟 = 0. Thus,
1 + 3𝜈
𝐶1 = 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟22
4
ROTATING SOLID DISC
• For r = r2;
1 + 3𝜈 2 2
1 + 3𝜈
𝜎𝑟 = 𝜌𝜔 𝑟2 − 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 2
8 8
1 + 3𝜈
𝜎𝑟 = 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟22 − 𝑟 2
8
𝜌𝜔2
𝜎𝑐 = 3 + 𝜈 𝑟22 − 1 + 3𝜈 𝑟 2
8
• At r= r2 (outer radius),
1−𝜈
𝜎𝑐 = 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟22
4
ROTATING SOLID DISC
• For r = 0, the values of 𝜎𝑟 and 𝜎𝑐 are maximum and they
are given by
1+3𝜈 2 2
𝜎𝑟(𝑚𝑎𝑥) = 𝜌𝜔 𝑟2 (3.4)
8
1+3𝜈 2 2
𝜎𝑐(𝑚𝑎𝑥) = 𝜌𝜔 𝑟2 (3.5)
8
• With this information at our hands, we can now plot the
variation of stress in a solid disc with the radius.
ROTATING SOLID DISC

Fig. 3.2: Variation of Stresses in a rotating solid disc

ROTATING HOLLOW DISC
• We begin with equations 3.1 and 3.2
𝐶1 𝐶2 3+𝜈
𝜎𝑟 = + 2 − 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 2 (3.2)
2 𝑟 8
𝐶1 𝐶2 1+3𝜈
𝜎𝑐 = − 2 − 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 2 (3.3)
2 𝑟 8
• The boundary conditions for this type of disc are
At r = r1 , 𝜎𝑟 = 0 and at r = r2 , 𝜎𝑟 = 0
𝐶1 𝐶2 3+𝜈
0= + 2− 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟12
2 𝑟1 8
𝐶1 𝐶2 3+𝜈
0= + 2 − 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟22
2 𝑟2 8
• From the above two equations we get:
3+𝜈 3+𝜈
𝐶2 = 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟12 𝑟22 & 𝐶1 = 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟12 + 𝑟22
8 4
ROTATING HOLLOW DISC
• Substitute C1 and C2 in equations 3.1 and 3.2 and simplifying, we get
3+𝜈 𝑟 2𝑟2
𝜎𝑟 = 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟12 + 2 1 2
𝑟2 − 2 − 𝑟2 (3.6)
8 𝑟
3+𝜈 𝑟 2𝑟2 1+3𝜈
2 2
𝜎𝑐 = 𝜌𝜔 2
𝑟1 + 1 2
𝑟2 + 2 − 𝑟2 (3.7)
8 𝑟 3+𝜈
• By inspection of equation (3.7), we see that 𝜎𝑐 is maximum when r
decreases to r = r1.
• Setting r = r1, and simplifying, we get
3+𝜈 2 2
1−𝜈 2
𝜎𝑐(𝑚𝑎𝑥) = 𝜌𝜔 𝑟2 + 𝑟1
4 3+𝜈
ROTATING HOLLOW DISC
• For 𝜎𝑟 to be maximum, = 0
𝑑𝜎𝑟
𝑑𝑟
2 2
𝑑 3+𝜈 2 2 2
𝑟1 𝑟2 2
𝜌𝜔 𝑟1 + 𝑟2 − 2 − 𝑟 =0
𝑑𝑟 8 𝑟
2𝑟12 𝑟22
− 2𝑟 = 0
𝑟3
𝑟 = 𝑟1 𝑟2
• Substituting the value of r into equation 3.6 and simplifying, we get
3+𝜈 2 2
𝜎𝑟(𝑚𝑎𝑥) = 𝜌𝜔 𝑟2 − 𝑟1 (3.8)
8
ROTATING HOLLOW DISC

Fig. 3.3: Variation of Stresses in a rotating hollow disc

ROTATING HOLLOW DISC
Example
A steel ring of outer diameter 300 mm and internal diameter 200
mm is shrunk onto a solid steel shaft. The interference is arranged
such that the radial pressure between the mating surfaces will not
fall below 30 MN/m2 whilst the assembly rotates in service. If the
maximum circumferential stress on the inside surface of the ring is
limited to 240 MN/m2, determine the maximum speed at which the
assembly can be rotated. It may be assumed that no relative slip
occurs between the shaft and the ring. For steel, 𝝆 = 7470 kg/m3,
𝝂 = 0.3, E = 208 GN/m2.
ROTATING DISC OF UNIFORM STRENGTH
• In a disc of uniform strength, both the radial and circumferential stresses are
equal for all values of r.
• It follows, therefore that a disc of uniform strength must have a variable
thickness.

Fig. 3.4: Disc with uniform stress

ROTATING DISC OF UNIFORM STRENGTH
• Let 𝜎 be the uniform stress in the disc in the radial and circumferential
directions
• The volume of the element in figure 3.4 is
𝑣 = 𝑟𝑑𝜃. 𝑡. 𝑑𝑟
• The centrifugal force acting on the element is
𝐹𝑐 = 𝜌𝑟𝑑𝜃. 𝑡. 𝑑𝑟. 𝜔2 𝑟 = 𝜌𝑑𝜃. 𝑡. 𝑑𝑟. 𝜔2 𝑟 2 .
• Radial forces on faces DC and AB of the element are
𝐹𝐷𝐶 = 𝜎 ∗ 𝑟𝑑𝜃. 𝑡
𝐹𝐴𝐵 = 𝜎 ∗ 𝑟 + 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃. 𝑡. 𝑑𝑟
• The circumferential forces are
𝐹𝐵𝐶 = 𝐹𝐷𝐴 = 𝜎 ∗ 𝑡. 𝑑𝑟
ROTATING DISC OF UNIFORM STRENGTH

• Equilibrium of forces in the radial direction, gives

2 2
𝑑𝜃
𝜌. 𝑑𝜃. 𝑡. 𝑑𝑟. 𝜔 𝑟 + 𝑟 + 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃 𝑡 + 𝑑𝑡 𝜎 = 𝑟𝑑𝜃. 𝑡. 𝜎 + 2𝑡. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 .𝜎
2
• Neglecting products of small quantities and remembering that
𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛 = , because the angle is small, we get
2 2
𝜌. 𝑡. 𝑑𝑟. 𝜔2 𝑟 2 + 𝑟. 𝑑𝑡. 𝜎 = 0
𝑑𝑡
𝜎 = −𝜌𝜔2 𝑟𝑑𝑟
𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟
=− 𝑑𝑟
𝑡 𝜎
Integrating:
𝜌𝑟𝜔 𝑡 2 𝜌𝑟𝜔2 +𝐶 𝜌𝑟𝜔2
ln 𝑡 = − +𝐶 or 𝑡= 𝑒 − 2𝜎 = 𝑒𝐶 ∙ 𝑒 − 2𝜎
2𝜎
𝜌𝑟𝜔2
−
𝑡= 𝐴𝑒 2𝜎
At r = 0,
𝜌𝑟𝜔2
−
𝑡= 𝐴𝑒 2𝜎 = 𝐴𝑒 0 i.e. 𝐴(𝑟=0) = 𝑡(𝑟=0) = 𝑡0

Therefore in general:
𝝆𝒓𝝎𝟐
−
𝒕 = 𝒕𝟎 𝒆 𝟐𝝈 (3.9)
Example
The cross-section of a turbine rotor disc is designed for
uniform strength under rotational conditions. The disc is
keyed to a 60 mm diameter shaft at which point its
thickness is a maximum. It then tapers to a minimum
thickness of 10 mm at the outer radius of 250 mm where
the blades are attached. If the design stress of the shaft is
250 MN/m2 at the design speed of 12000 r.p.m, what is the
required maximum thickness? For steel 𝝆 = 7470 kg/m3.
Example
A steam turbine rotor is to be designed for constant strength of
90MPa, when running at 4000 r.p.m. Given that that axial thickness
at the centre is 20mm, compute the rotor thickness at a radius of
400mm. Take the density of the material to be 7800kg/m3.
Solution
𝜎 = 90MN/m2 , N = 4000 rpm 𝑡𝑜 = 20mm = 0.02m
𝜌 = 7800kg/m3.
2𝜋 ∗ 𝑁 2𝜋 ∗ 4000
𝜔= = = 418.88 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
60 60
Solution
𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 2
𝑡 = 𝑡𝑜 𝑒 −
2𝜎
𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 2 7800 ∗ 418.88 2 0.4 2
= = 1.216
2𝜎 2 ∗ 90 ∗ 106
𝑡 = 20 ∗ 𝑒 −1.216
𝑡 = 5.93𝑚𝑚
Example (Ryder- page 291)
A turbine rotor disc is 0.6m diameter at the blade ring and is keyed to a 50mm
diameter shaft. If the minimum thickness is 50mm, what should be the
thickness at the shaft to for a uniform stress of 200N/mm2 at 10 000 r.p.m.
Take density of material to be 7700kg/m3.
Question 1
A steel disc of a turbine is to be designed so that the radial and circumferential
stresses are to be the same throughout the thickness and radius of disc and is
equal to 80 MPa, when running at 3500 rpm. If the axial thickness at the centre
is 20 mm, what is the thickness at the radius of 500 mm?

Question 2

Determine the intensities of principal stresses in a flat steel disc of uniform

thickness, having a diameter of 1m and rotating at 2400 r.p.m. What will be the
stress if the disc has a central hole of 0.2m diameter? Take Poisson's ratio to be
1/3, and the density of this steel as 7850kg/m3.
ROTATING LONG CYLINDERS
• In the analysis of cylinders we consider the radial circumferential as well as the
axial stresses.
• For long rotating cylinders, the following assumptions are made:
1) At all speeds, (low and high) rotation of plane sections remain plane. In
the true sense, this assumptions only hold for sections away from the
ends of the cylinder
2) At the central cross-sectional plane of the cylinder, shear stress is zero,
due to symmetry. Thus the circumferential and longitudinal (axial)
stresses, will be principle stresses.
• Let
1) 𝜎𝑟 = radial stress
2) 𝜎𝑐 = hoop stress
3) 𝜎𝑙 = longitudinal stress
ROTATING LONG CYLINDERS
• The corresponding strains are give as follows:
1 𝑑𝑢
𝜀𝑟 = 𝜎𝑟 − 𝜈 𝜎𝑐 + 𝜎𝑙 =
𝐸 𝑑𝑟
1 𝑢
𝜀𝑐 = 𝜎𝑐 − 𝜈 𝜎𝑟 + 𝜎𝑙 =
𝐸 𝑟
1
𝜀𝑙 = 𝜎𝑙 − 𝜈 𝜎𝑟 + 𝜎𝑐
𝐸
• From the above expressions and using the appropriate mathematical manipulations,
It can be shown that:
𝜎𝑙 = 𝐶1 + 𝜈 𝜎𝑟 + 𝜎𝑐 (3.10)
𝐶2 𝐶3 𝜔2 𝑟 2 3−2𝜈
𝜎𝑟 = + − 𝜌 (3.11)
2 𝑟2 8 1−𝜈
ROTATING LONG CYLINDERS
• And that:
𝐶2 𝐶3 𝜔2 𝑟 2 1+2𝜈
𝜎𝑐 = − − 𝜌 (3.12)
2 𝑟2 8 1−𝜈
• We can now use the boundary conditions for the various types of rotating long
cylinders.
SOLID CYLINDER
• Stresses can not be infinite at the centre, thus C3 = 0:
𝐶2 𝜔2 𝑟 2 3 − 2𝜈
𝜎𝑟 = −𝜌
2 8 1−𝜈
𝐶2 𝜔2 𝑟 2 1+2𝜈
𝜎𝑐 = − 𝜌
2 8 1−𝜈
• At the free surface 𝑟 = 𝑟2 and 𝜎𝑟 = 0.
• At the free surface 𝑟 = 𝑟2 and 𝜎𝑟 = 0.
𝐶2 𝜔2 𝑟 2 3 − 2𝜈
=𝜌
2 8 1−𝜈

𝜔2 𝑟22 − 𝑟 2 3 − 2𝜈
𝜎𝑟 = 𝜌
8 1−𝜈

𝜔2 3 − 2𝜈 2
1 + 2𝜈 2
𝜎𝑐 = 𝜌 𝑟2 − 𝑟
8 1−𝜈 3 − 2𝜈
• The maximum stress occurs at the centre of the cylinder where r = 0:

𝜔2 𝑟22 3 − 2𝜈
𝜎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜎𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =𝜌
8 1−𝜈
HOLLOW CYLINDERS
• The radial stress is given by:
𝐶2 𝐶3 𝜔2 𝑟 2 3 − 2𝜈
𝜎𝑟 = + 2−𝜌
2 𝑟 8 1−𝜈
• At the free surfaces
1) 𝑟 = 𝑟1 and 𝜎𝑟 = 0.
2) 𝑟 = 𝑟2 and 𝜎𝑟 = 0.
• From these boundary conditions and using relevant mathematical manipulations;
𝜌𝜔2 3 − 2𝜈 𝑟12 𝑟22
𝜎𝑟 = 𝑟12 + 𝑟22 − 2 − 𝑟2
8 1−𝜈 𝑟
𝑑𝜎𝑟
• For the radial stress to be maximum
𝑑𝑟
=0
HOLLOW CYLINDERS
• Thus the maximum radial stress is given by:
𝜌𝜔2 3 − 2𝜈 2
𝜎𝑟,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑟1 − 𝑟2
8 1−𝜈
• It can also be shown that the circumferential stress is
𝜌𝜔2 3 − 2𝜈 𝑟12 𝑟22 1 + 2𝜈 2
𝜎𝑐 = 𝑟12 + 𝑟22 + 2 − 𝑟
8 1−𝜈 𝑟 3 − 2𝜈
• The maximum hoop stress is given by:
𝜌𝜔2 3 − 2𝜈 1 + 2𝜈 2
𝜎𝑐,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2𝑟22 + 𝑟12 − 𝑟1
8 1−𝜈 3 − 2𝜈
Question 3
A disc of uniform thickness has inner and outer radii of 100mm and 400mm
respectively and is rotating at 2400 r.p.m about its axis. The density of the
material is 7800kg/m3 and the Poisson’s ratio is 0.3. Using a suitable scale and
intervals, draw on the same set of axes, the graph of stress against radius for
both circumferential and radial stress.
Question 4
A solid long cylinder of diameter 600 mm is rotating at 3000 rpm. Calculate
(i) maximum and minimum hoop stresses and
(ii) maximum radial stress.
Given ρ = 0.07644 N/cm3, g = 9.8 m/s2, 𝜈 = 0.3
Question 5
A steel ring of outer diameter 300mm and internal diameter 200mm is shrunk
onto a solid steel shaft. The interface is such that the radial pressure between
the mating surfaces remains above 30MN/m2 at all times whilst the assembly
rotates in practice. The circumferential stress on the inside surface of the ring
must not exceed 240MN/m2. Determine the maximum speed at which the
assembly can rotate. Take 𝜌 =7500kg/m3, 𝜈 =0.3 and 𝐸 = 210GPa.
Question 6
A hollow cylinder 400 mm external diameter and 100mm internal radius is
rotating at 3000 r.p.m. The density of the material is 7800kg/m3 and the
Poisson’s ratio is 0.3. Compute
i) The maximum stress in the cylinder
ii) Draw to scale the variation of the stresses in the cylinder.
Assignment 2
Answer Questions 1 to 6.
Due in 7 Days from now!
Grazie