Gartner Research

Predicts 2023:
Composable Applications
Accelerate Business
Innovation

Yefim Natis, John Santoro, Jo Liversidge,

Stephen White, Gregor Petri, Paul Vincent,
Anne Thomas

17 January 2023
Predicts 2023: Composable Applications
Accelerate Business Innovation
Published 17 January 2023 - ID G00778690 - 19 min read
By Analyst(s): Yefim Natis, John Santoro, Jo Liversidge, Stephen White, Gregor Petri, Paul
Vincent, Anne Thomas
Initiatives: Emerging Technologies and Trends Impact on Products and Services

To support the accelerating pace of innovation and change,

businesses will prioritize modular applications that deliver their
functionality as API/event-first business components. Technology
and service providers will modernize their offerings to support
composable application architecture.

Gartner, Inc. | G00778690 Page 1 of 20

Overview
Key Findings
■ Most business organizations look for the ability to innovate faster and in more
varied ways. They continue to use some of the fixed vendor-provided application
processes and user experiences but add innovative new processes and experiences
by using the available application APIs.

■ Ubiquitous, and increasingly strategic, use of APIs, especially those published for
external business access, creates a growing demand for governance in the form of
marketplaces, portals and governance extensions to other platform technologies.

■ Independent packaging of business capabilities in modern application architecture

puts pressure on application providers to modernize their pricing strategies to reflect
the modular application consumption.

■ Business-IT collaborations lead to a new distribution of responsibilities in software

engineering: “Creators” drive professional development of business-modular
applications. “Composers” use the modular application components to create
customized digital experiences. “Curators” use catalog/marketplace platforms to
manage the consistency, compliance and quality of the components and
compositions.

■ The architecture of the dedicated roles and skills in business-IT collaborations

creates the demand for a range of platform capabilities, including support for
professional-driven development, business-driven composition and marketplace
governance, offering new business and growth opportunities for TSPs.

Recommendations
Technology and service providers supporting emerging technologies and trends impact on
products and services should:

■ Modernize application products and services by adopting business-defined software

modularity to support the increasing business demand for composable reuse of
application capabilities.

■ Support the growing business demand for composability by building up

technologies and practices for governance of collections of composable software
components.

Gartner, Inc. | G00778690 Page 2 of 20

■ Build flexibility into product pricing strategies by offering several pricing options and
experimenting with alternatives to prepare for modular delivery and fine-grain
procurement of technology services.

■ Form interactive relationships with business customers by building a product

strategy that supports both technology- and business-centric roles in the design and
delivery of application experiences.

■ Redesign platform technologies to support the separation of roles and skills in a life
cycle of a composable application by providing integrated but separate support for
professional software engineering, business-driven application composition and
governance via a component marketplace.

Strategic Planning Assumptions

By 2025, 60% of new SaaS designs will support both the UI-first and API-first access,
making preparedness for composability a common cloud application trait.

By 2026, all the top 20 cloud platform and SaaS providers will offer component
marketplaces to enable customers’ composable strategies, differentiating by quality,
convenience and security.

By 2026, revenue growth at leading enterprise software providers will slow as increasing
adoption of composable application development shifts mainstream business investment
to more modular providers.

By 2024, 50% of Industry Cloud Platform providers will use composability for creation of
their vertical offerings as well as for enabling unique change-capable customer
deployments.

By 2025, 60% of the new custom business applications will be built using reusable
business services via a shared curated component catalog or marketplace.

Gartner, Inc. | G00778690 Page 3 of 20

Analysis
What You Need to Know
Digital business brings business closer to its technology providers. Increasingly well
funded and skilled to make technology decisions, business leaders are no longer willing to
delegate all digital innovation to technology vendors or to their own central IT. The
business unit technologists are directed to provide users (employees and customers) with
digital capabilities and experiences that best reflect their current and changing needs and
likes.

To support the accelerating business appetite for targeted digital innovation, its
technology capabilities must become flexible and ready for fast, safe, efficient and
nuanced change. To that end, both technology providers and business users turn to
reusable and composable modularity. Technology providers and business technologists
take on complementary roles in the pipeline of digital business engineering.

The old one-way relationship of providers and users of technology must change to a
bidirectional partnership in a business-IT collaboration (see Figure 1).

Gartner, Inc. | G00778690 Page 4 of 20

Figure 1: Product Leaders Must Support Business Customers Taking Charge of Their
Digital Future

Traditional business models for technology acquisition have:

■ Application vendors provide the complete, partly or fully monolithic “off-the-shelf”

commercial application suites.

■ Central IT or contracted systems integrators deliver (after significant application

engineering effort) custom applications that also are monolithic and thus difficult to
change.

In all these scenarios the business organization receives the finalized applications from
the providers and, after some cosmetic customization, deploys them to the users requiring
that they receive some dedicated training.

Gartner, Inc. | G00778690 Page 5 of 20

The empowered business organization, capable and funded for controlling its digital
experience, engages in partnerships with all three types of technology providers, asserting
its role and independence in the process:

■ Corporate IT and business units form fusion teams to actively cooperate on the
development of relevant and changeable application assets, processes and
experiences.

■ Systems integrators and business units engage in the generative production of

solutions where business and the provider form a variant of a fusion team to
cooperate on the full life cycle of design and development of new business software.

■ Application and platform vendors deliver their products in a modular form designed
and packaged for composition, often using API-first design principles, essentially
serving the business as a partner development organization.

These business and technology partnerships enable the efficient and agile creation of
digital business experiences for their customers and employees by transforming
application products from fixed dedicated solutions to modular business innovation
platforms. Low-code application, process or integration platforms and other automation
tools are often used as the “last mile” composition platforms to deliver adaptive digital
business processes and experiences. Advanced API marketplaces provide governance to
assure integrity and efficiency of compositions.

A strategic change like that is as much cultural as it is technical or operational. Cultural

changes take time and require determined leadership. Strategic leaders in IT, business and
vendor organizations must recognize and welcome the new business dynamics in the
transition from the slow and constrained business of application suites to the flexibility
and openness of the modular architecture of composable application processes and
experiences.

Procurement of technology products will increasingly include demands for reuse and
continuous change. Product leaders should form new, more interactive relationships with
their customers by adopting composable modularity in application and platform
offerings.

Gartner, Inc. | G00778690 Page 6 of 20

The product capabilities in demand for sustainable operation of a composable digital
environment will include the marketplace services for assured governance, and the
separation of engineering practices for business components and application
compositions. Product leaders must prepare for the changing architecture and business
models of their offerings.

Gartner, Inc. | G00778690 Page 7 of 20

Strategic Planning Assumptions
Strategic Planning Assumption: By 2025, 60% of new SaaS designs will support both the
UI-first and API-first access, making preparedness for composability a common cloud
application trait.

Analysis by: Yefim Natis and Anne Thomas

Key Findings:

■ Applications delivered either by the corporate IT or by technology and service

providers (TSP) are facing the same new demands from business organizations:
faster and more nuanced digital support of the increasing pace of business change.

■ Business leaders are seeking a self-service ability to innovate with technology. Newer
applications offer published, or even productized, business APIs, in addition to the
traditional UI access. These enable faster composition of new processes and
experiences by business teams, often utilizing low-code development tools.

■ Increasing use of business APIs promotes the strategic API-first model of application
delivery and architecture (e.g., API-first digital commerce back end like
Commercetools and API products like Stripe).

■ Fully expressed, API-first application delivery packages a complete set of capabilities

of the application in a cohesive published set of productized interfaces (APIs and
event topics). The traditional UI-first application delivery represents the same
complete set of application capabilities through its UIs.

■ Both API and UI access to applications are required in modern application use;
however, while UI-first has been the tradition for application delivery for decades, API-
first is just gaining traction in mainstream SaaS applications to serve the increasing
digital sophistication of the skills and use cases of modern business organizations.

Market Implications:

■ The requirement for API-first application delivery will give an advantage to

applications that have a more cohesive internal modular architecture, supporting
modern cloud-native designs and posing a challenge to older application providers.
This will further accelerate the transition of mainstream businesses from older
application software to SaaS.

Gartner, Inc. | G00778690 Page 8 of 20

■ The demand for governance of the growing use of business APIs will increase the
role of catalogs and marketplaces, which will have to grow from the basic API
supervision to advanced management of productized business application services
(both request- and event-driven). Vendors that emerge as the leading marketplace
providers will play a central role in the evolution of composable architecture to
mainstream adoption.

■ The increasing use of low-code tools to expedite the use of the new collections of
business APIs will further accelerate the market of low-code platform technologies.
Some will incorporate business API catalogs, others will rely on external catalogs or
marketplaces. The interaction between the low-code development tools and
business API marketplaces will alter the product strategies and architectures of both.

■ The growing use of applications as business API back ends will provide vendors a
new model for pricing their services. Business API access will likely turn out to be
both more flexible for the users and more profitable for the vendors than the
traditional UI-first.

Recommendations:

Product leaders at technology providers and central IT should:

■ Change design practices for applications of strategic nature to emphasize complete

and cohesive representation of application’s functionality in programmatic
interfaces, in addition to user interfaces.

■ Productize programmatic application interfaces of the highest business value to

facilitate cross application, cross-ecosystem and commercial use. Annotate these
interfaces with metadata and other additions to support managed discovery,
orchestration and governance.

■ Balance the use of request-driven and event-driven interfaces to support a broader

spectrum of the potential business use cases. Offer interfaces that deliver data
support for business decision making, in addition to the operational functionality.

■ Implement, by building, acquisition or partnership, a catalog/marketplace

technology to ensure governance of the increasing internal and external use of the
packaged and productized application interfaces. Reorganize and modernize the
engineering and business processes to champion the culture of business
modularization and reuse of digital business capabilities.

Gartner, Inc. | G00778690 Page 9 of 20

■ Build preparedness for use of the published interfaces by different development,
integration, automation and composition tools, including professional and low-code
options. The tools are partly or entirely proprietary: select the preferred options that
best fit the technology of the selected catalog/marketplace platform.

Related Research:

How to Design Enterprise Applications That Are Composable by Default

Quick Answer: How to Organize Roles for Governance of Composable Applications

Emerging Tech: Empower Composable Applications by Redefining Products, Ecosystems

and Marketplaces

How to Create Shared API Services to Enable Composability

To Create a Successful API Marketplace or API-Based Ecosystem, Look Before You Leap

Critical Capabilities for Enterprise Low-Code Application Platforms

Case Study: Sustaining Enterprisewide Momentum for Composability (Merchants Fleet)

Strategic Planning Assumption: By 2026, all the top 20 cloud platform and SaaS
providers will offer component marketplaces to enable customers’ composable strategies,
differentiating by quality, convenience and security.

Analysis by: John Santoro and Yefim Natis

Key Findings:

■ To implement composable applications, customers need access to modular

business capabilities, but many technology providers offer inflexible product
packaging, and many do not provide packaged business capabilities (PBCs,
particularly in the form of API products) to enable composition.

■ Technology providers profess support for customers’ efforts to build composable

applications, but providers prefer a “walled garden” approach that makes it difficult
for customers to consume components from other providers.

Gartner, Inc. | G00778690 Page 10 of 20

Market Implications:

Technology providers typically focus on delivering either packaged applications, the tools
to build custom applications, or a platform on which to deploy applications. Enterprises
aspiring to build composable applications need all three of these capabilities. As a result,
their challenges will shift to areas not well addressed by technology providers today:

■ Need for curated components to avoid searching for desired components

■ Dynamic discovery, procurement and deployment of application components to

reduce procurement time and effort

■ Consistent, transparent and predictable licensing to manage cost risks

■ Dependency management, security, networking to mitigate breaches and “Achilles’

Heel” exposures

Addressing these customer needs provides a significant opportunity for providers, but
doing so will change how they position their offerings and how they deliver them:

■ Provider support of composability can be positioned as a competitive advantage

today, but increasingly customers will expect it as a feature of any commercial
product.

■ With a wide range of low-code/no-code tools available to customers, cloud and

enterprise application providers will feel pressure to support several of the more
dominant tools rather than a single tool that is tied to their own platform.

■ With so many available tools, content, rather than tool support, will differentiate
providers in a competitive market.

■ To improve the attractiveness of a component marketplace, providers will promote

their curation of related content, including APIs for other applications, from partners
and other parties.

Recommendations:

Technology product leaders should:

Gartner, Inc. | G00778690 Page 11 of 20

■ Increase the flexibility and confidence with which customers and partners can
compose applications by offering PBCs as API products, with more granular, value-
oriented pricing, documentation, support, SLAs and product roadmaps.

■ Enable application composers to easily discover and consume PBCs by curating a

component marketplace with contributions from providers, partners and customers.

Related Research:

Emerging Tech: Empower Composable Applications by Redefining Products, Ecosystems

and Marketplaces

Quick Answer: What Are the 3 Steps for a Successful API Product

Emerging Tech: How to Select a Pricing Model for APIs and API Products

Strategic Planning Assumption: By 2026, revenue growth at leading enterprise software

providers will slow as increasing adoption of composable application development shifts
mainstream business investment to more modular providers.

Analysis by: Jo Liversidge and Stephen White

Key Findings:

■ Composability requires contracts that enable software components to be licensed

flexibly and dynamically, for example, turned off and on frequently,
de-/reconstructed, moved, migrated and replatformed without prohibitive limitations,
or long-term fixed commitments.

■ The largest enterprise software vendors prefer to sell software in a nonmodular way,
oriented to maximizing revenue, offering application suite bundles that position
value by making the total package less costly than the sum of its parts. More
modular options are offered, but typically at a significant (25% to 400%) premium.
Application suite bundles may be convenient but may not offer best-in-class
capabilities, which could be chosen a la carte if bought in a modular way.

■ Large value contracts with restricted ability to reduce or exchange products within
multiyear term contracts are an impediment to flexibility and agility, oxymoronic to
composability.

Gartner, Inc. | G00778690 Page 12 of 20

■ Smaller software vendors continue to emerge, selling in a more flexible, modular
fashion, offering short-term (or no) contract commitments, enabling rapid adoption,
reduction and retirement.

■ Composable applications, workflows and business processes are increasingly being

developed internally to fit use cases in an agile fashion in place of commercial off-
the-shelf applications. This has been aided by the viability and increased use of low-
code/no-code applications.

■ Industry cloud platforms are at the forefront of offering composable sets of

capabilities.

Market Implications:

■ Clients will increasingly be motivated to pursue alternative vendors willing to operate

as a partner and provide licensing and contractual models that support
composability.

■ Large application vendors, previously considered the path of least resistance by

customers, are increasingly considered a commercial risk, due to their inflexible
business models. These vendors will lose more business to competitors with
specialized capabilities and more modular licensing, aligned to the client’s
requirement.

■ Composable application development and DevOps drives a combination of low-

code/no-code development tool usage, with applications run on cloud infrastructure
and platform services.

■ The growing number of smaller point solution providers regularly competing for
business becomes targets for M&A by large enterprise application vendors seeking
to sustain growth rates. Large enterprises themselves will compete to purchase
niche vendors via “techquisitions,” so they are not beholden to the large players.

Recommendations:

Technology product leaders must develop closer relationships with their customers to
understand their evolving needs and capabilities. They must prepare to meet the
customers and prospects new technology adoption strategies.

Application strategy leaders should:

Gartner, Inc. | G00778690 Page 13 of 20

■ Identify and select viable software application vendors that enable composability by
incorporating assessments of their contract simplicity, flexibility and constraints on
usage, including integration.

■ Reevaluate and question incumbent software vendors by assessing their ability to

enable a flexible and agile, composable infrastructure. If they fail to adapt, put them
on notice that existing and future business relationships are at risk, and build out an
exit or de-prioritization strategy.

■ Plan to utilize low-code/no-code development tools increasingly and validate the

chosen platforms are viable for expanded consumption.

■ Choose software incorporating an assessment of the providers composably viable

commercials alongside functional fit.

Related Research:

Composable Business Will Drive Changes to Software and SaaS Negotiation

Maverick Research: It’s Time to Fire Software Vendors With Complex Licensing!

Presentation Slides: How to Manage Software Megavendor Compliance Risks in the Age
of Composability

Quick Answer: What Makes Industry Cloud Platforms Different From Traditional Cloud
Offerings?

Harness the Disruptive Powers of Low-Code: A Gartner Trend Insight Report

Strategic Planning Assumption: By 2024, 50% of Industry Cloud Platform providers will
use composability for creation of their vertical offerings as well as for enabling unique
change-capable customer deployments.

Analysis by: Gregor Petri, Yefim Natis and Wataru Katsurashima

Key Findings:

Gartner, Inc. | G00778690 Page 14 of 20

■ Industrial cloud platforms turn to composability to combine software-, platform- and
infrastructure-as-a-service offerings with tailored, industry-specific capabilities to
create a whole product offering and experience for enterprise customers. This
ensures agility, innovation and faster time to market.

■ Enterprises are embracing the principles of composable business to improve

adaptability and resilience. Providers of industry cloud platforms must — together
with their ecosystem partners — offer composability to enterprises by:

■ Offering packaged business capabilities through a marketplace

■ A datafabric with connectors to leading industry applications to mine existing

data

■ A composition layer where PBCs and data can be orchestrated and automated
for new digital processes and experiences

Market Implications:

■ Industry clouds create value for businesses by integrating traditionally separately

purchased cloud services into preintegrated but customizable (composable)
industry-relevant solutions.

■ Industry clouds turn a cloud platform into a business platform, enabling a

technology innovation tool to also serve as a business innovation tool.

■ Potential buyers should be aware of significant differences in what makes up an

industry cloud platform offering between vendors, but also between different
offerings of a single vendor.

Recommendations:

Application and product strategy leaders should:

■ Use industry cloud platforms as an exoskeleton that complements existing product

portfolios with new capabilities that add significant value, rather than merely
replacing existing capabilities with solutions using newer technology.

■ Build enterprisewide understanding and support for your industry cloud platform
adoption by involving business technologists and fusion teams early in your
composability journey.

Gartner, Inc. | G00778690 Page 15 of 20

■ Set rules for when to deploy the capabilities of industry cloud platforms to optimize
existing processes, and when to aggressively drive transformation and innovation
initiatives.

■ Develop business strategy options to match the emerging business practices for
product procurement and pricing in the composable industry cloud environments.

Related Research:

Top Strategic Technology Trends for 2023: Industry Cloud Platform

Quick Answer: What Makes Industry Cloud Platforms Different From Traditional Cloud
Offerings?

Market Guide for Digital Health Platforms

Create Differentiated Cloud Managed Services for the Banking and Investment Services
Industry

Leverage Gartner’s Vertical Strategy Framework for Composable Industry Cloud

Offerings— Presentation Materials

Providers of Cloud Managed Services: Use Composable Industry Platforms to

Productize Your Offerings

Build Product Teams That Can Drive Industry Cloud Offerings

Changes and Emerging Needs Product Managers Must Address in the CIPS Market

Hype Cycle for the Future of Applications, 2022

Strategic Planning Assumption: By 2025, 60% of the new custom business applications
will be built using reusable business services via a shared curated component catalog or
marketplace.

Analysis by: Paul Vincent, Saikat Ray and Yefim Natis

Key Findings:

Gartner, Inc. | G00778690 Page 16 of 20

■ Business applications are increasingly built or finalized by fusion teams with
business technologists using low-code technologies. These exploit abstracted
development principles such as automated software development life cycle tools.

■ Business services delivered as API products and API-first SaaS are created for
business use by professional developers using API-centric back-end platforms.
These provide a ready source of reusable services for other business applications,
delivered primarily as REST APIs and accessed through conventional code,
integration tools, business process automation and low-code development suites.

■ The growing accessibility of an ever-increasing range of application components,

through catalogs and marketplaces, is adding a new vector for application
development productivity. Complex services can now be embedded in low-code
solutions at ease through modular services delivered from internal and third-party
sources.

Market Implications:

The increasing modularity and reusability of application services will accelerate their
commoditization and reuse, and increase their value and ROI. Expect increased framework
and platform support for enterprise applications, packaged business processes, API
products and SaaS services.

Additional platform focus will also be given to the creation of these services, and this is
already indicated through wide back-end framework adoption and the appearance of low-
code service creation tools such as business process automation vendors creating API
services.

Additionally, low-code development tools such as LCAP, iPaaS, RPA and BPA platforms
will accelerate their catalog and marketplace support leading to partnerships between
services and development tools, as well as the continued growth of SaaS as a Platform
vendors such as Microsoft, Salesforce, SAP and ServiceNow.

Recommendations:

Technology product leaders must develop a closer understanding of the evolving needs
and capabilities of their customers and partners. The increasing practice of application
composition will demand from most technology providers’ participation through
marketplaces and compatible development, composition and automation tools.

Gartner, Inc. | G00778690 Page 17 of 20

Business application strategy leaders should:

■ Ensure existing as well as new application service investments are consumable by

your business automation tools, as well as being documented for your professional
developers, through proven REST APIs.

■ Invest your enterprise architecture team to catalog and map your business
capabilities in terms of existing services and capabilities, enabling you to
understand the gaps and opportunities for reuse of services across the business.

■ Consider developer tools, like backstage.io or blobr.io, to create a developer portal

identifying the available APIs for services and to encourage their consumption by
coders as needed.

■ Promote the catalog curator role to encourage API consumption and composability.
This role can be recruited from your enterprise architects, API product managers and
service owners.

■ Ensure that any vendor selection for low-code tooling assesses the ecosystem
aspects of catalog performance and ease of maintenance. This could include data
fabric support for data abstraction from disparate services.

Related Research:

How to Create Shared API Services to Enable Composability

How to Design Enterprise Applications That Are Composable by Default

To Create a Successful API Marketplace or API-Based Ecosystem, Look Before You Leap

How to Implement Composable Technology With PBCs

Quick Answer: How to Organize Roles for Governance of Composable Applications

Case Study: A Business “Middle Platform” Helps Achieve Composability and Digital
Success

Gartner, Inc. | G00778690 Page 18 of 20

A Look Back
In response to your requests, we are taking a look back at some key predictions from
previous years. We have intentionally selected predictions from opposite ends of the scale
— one where we were wholly or largely on target, as well as one we missed.

This report series is too new to have on-target or missed predictions.

Recommended by the Authors

Some documents may not be available as part of your current Gartner subscription.
Becoming Composable: A Gartner Trend Insight Report
Quick Answer: How to Organize Roles for Governance of Composable Applications
Emerging Tech: Empower Composable Applications by Redefining Products, Ecosystems
and Marketplaces
Composable Business Will Drive Changes to Software and SaaS Negotiation
Maverick Research: It’s Time to Fire Software Vendors With Complex Licensing!
Presentation Slides: How to Manage Software Megavendor Compliance Risks in the Age
of Composability

Quick Answer: What Makes Industry Cloud Platforms Different From Traditional Cloud
Offerings?
Harness the Disruptive Powers of Low-Code: A Gartner Trend Insight Report
Top Strategic Technology Trends for 2023: Industry Cloud Platforms

Gartner, Inc. | G00778690 Page 19 of 20

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Gartner, Inc. | G00778690 Page 20 of 20

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