Mathematics - Grade 9

Supplementary Material
Quarter 2

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 Direct Variation
Earlier in your studies, you learned about ratios and proportions, which deal with the
relationship between two quantities. You used these concepts in real-life problems, like mixing
ingredients and cutting lengths in proportion. Now, this module will build on that knowledge by
introducing you to the idea of variations.
Variations show how one quantity changes in relation to another, and they build on what
you’ve already learned. In this module, we will explore four different types of variation, each
providing a new way to understand how quantities are related.
Get ready to improve your math skills and enjoy discovering how these variations work
in everyday situations. This module is designed to be both fun and informative as you learn more
about how quantities can interact and change.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The learners will be able to:
• illustrate situations that involve direct variation
• translate into variation statement a relationship involving direct variation between
two quantities given by a table of values, a mathematical equation, a graph and
vice versa; and
• solve problems involving direct variation

Fast-Five
For each question, select the best option that demonstrates direct variation. Consider
whether the situation, equation, or graph involves direct variation and provide the correct direct
variation statement or equation if applicable.
1. Which of the following represents a direct variation between x and y?
a. y = 3x+2 b. y = 4x c. y = 5/x d. y = x

2. Given the table of values, which pair of quantities x y

shows direct variation? 1 2
a. y = 2x b. y = x + 2
2 4
c. y = x/2 d. y = x
3 6
3. Which graph represents a direct variation between 8
4
x and y?

a. a line that passes through the origin with a slope of 2

b. a line that does not pass through the origin
c. a parabola opening upwards
d. a horizontal line
 4. If y varies directly with x and y = 12 when x = 4, what is the value of y when x=6?
a. 18; y=3x b. 9; y=3x c. 15; y=4x d. 24; y=3x

5. Translate the following direct variation problem into an equation: If the cost C of t tickets
is directly proportional to t and costs $40 for 8 tickets, what is the cost per ticket?
a. C=5t; Cost per ticket is $5
b. C=8t; Cost per ticket is $8
c. C=40t; Cost per ticket is $40
d. C=10t; Cost per ticket is $10

A Deep Dive
There is a direct variation whenever a situation produces pairs of numbers in which their
ratio is constant. This can be expressed into mathematical statement or equation as:

y = kx
where k = y/x is the constant of variation or constant of proportionality. These statements can be:
“y varies directly as x”
“y is directly proportional to x”
“y is proportional to x”
These statements mean that for two quantities, x and y, an increase in x causes an increase in y
as well. Similarly, a decrease in x causes a decrease in y.

Using his bicycle, Jarren travels a distance of 10 kilometers

per hour on a steep road.

a. Show that distance (d) varies directly as time (t).

10 10 10 10 10

SOLUTION:

d/t = 10 is constant, d varies directly as t.

b. Draw the graph of d against t.

c. Write an equation showing the relationship of d and t.

Because r = d/t =10, the equation relating d and t is d = 10t.
d. How far Jarren travelled after 8 hours and 10 1/2 hours?

t=8 t = 10 1/2
d = 10t d = 10t
= 10 (8) = 10 (10 1/2)
= 80 = 105

Write an equation for the following statements:

a. The fare F of a passenger varies directly as the distance d of his destination.

b. The weight W of an object is directly proportional to its mass m.

c. The area A of a triangle is proportional to its height h.

 If y varies directly as x and y = 24 when x = 6, find the
variation constant the equation of variation.

Solve for k.

Constant of Variation: 4

Equation of Variation: y = 4x

More to Explore!
If x varies directly as y and x = 35 when y = 7, what is the
value of y when x = 25?

SOLUTION:
x = 5y

A worker’s pay check P varies directly as the number of

hours h worked. For working 20 hours, the payment is
P1,000.00. Find the payment for 45 hours of work.

SOLUTION: P = 50h

The payment for 45 hours of work is P2,250.00.

Translate the following scenarios into direct variation equations.
_______1. The cost C of fruits is directly proportional to the weight w.
_______2. A car travels at a constant speed. The distance d traveled varies directly with time t.
_______3. The amount of money M you earn is directly proportional to the hours h worked.
_______4. The amount of water W in a tank varies directly with the time t it is filled.
_______5. The volume V of a gas varies directly with the temperature T when the pressure is constant.

Fill in the missing values for the following direct variation

relationships.
1.y = -
2x

2. y =
5x

Solve the following word problems.

If y varies directly as x and y = 24 when x = 6, find the value of x when x = 15.

The weight of an object on the moon varies directly as its weight on Earth. An
astronaut who weighs 80 kg on Earth weighs 12.8 kg on the moon. How much
would a 60-kg person weigh on the moon?
 Time!
Performance Task: Collect your electric bill for the last three (3) months. Record the kilowatt hour
(KWHR) consumption against the Amount Due on the table below:

Answer the following:

1. What have you observed with the amount due and the kilowatt hour consumption values?
___________________________________________________________________________

2. What type of variation is being described by the situation?

___________________________________________________________________________

3. Gather ideas from the family members. List down some ways to minimize electric consumption?
How can these measures help the family?
___________________________________________________________________________
RUBRICS FOR GRADING:

Direct Variation is a relation when one quantity is equal to a constant times the other quantity. This
can be expressed into mathematical statement or equation as y=kx, where k = is the constant of variation
or constant of proportionality. These statements can be:
“y varies directly as x”
“y is directly proportional to x” and
“y is proportional to x”.
These statements mean that for two quantities, x and y, an increase in x causes an increase in y as
well. Similarly, a decrease in x causes a decrease in y. The concept of proportion can also be used in
describing the relation of the quantities involved.
 FOCUSCheck!
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following represents the statement, m varies directly as j.

a. j = km b. m = k/j c. k = j/m d. m = kj

2. If p varies directly as q and p = 18 when q = - 6, then k is __________.

a. -3 b. -1/3 c. 1/3 d. 3

3. The amount (A) of money raised in a concert to the number (n) of tickets sold is an example of
what kind of variation?
a. direct b. inverse c. joint d. combined

4. In the variation equation M = 2t. What happens to M when t is doubled?

a. M is halved b. M is doubled c. M is tripled d. M becomes zero

5. If a varies directly as b, and a = 18 when b = 4.5, find a when b = 8.

a. 3.2 b. 4 c. 32 d. 72

6. Which of the following table of values illustrates direct variation?

a. c.

b. d.

7. What mathematical statement describes the graph below?

a. b. c. d.

8. Given that y varies directly as x, find the missing values of x and y in the table below.

a. x = 27; y = 6 b. x =30; y = 6 c. x = 27; y = 3 d. x = 6; y = 27

9. If 3 identical packages weigh 105 kg. How much will 15 of these packages weigh?

a. 315 kg b. 525 kg c. 1250 kg d. 1575 kg

10. The number of words Janna printed varied directly with the amount of time she spent printing. If
she printed 250 words in 5 minutes, how long would it take her to print 1200 words?

a.20 minutes b. 22 minutes c. 24 minutes d. 30 minutes

 Inverse Variation
Inverse variation describes a relationship between two variables where one increases as the
other decreases. In other words, as one value goes up, the other goes down in such a way that
their product remains constant. For example, if you double one value, the other is halved to
maintain the balance. This concept is useful in understanding situations where more of one thing
leads to less of another, like speed and travel time or the number of workers and the time it takes
to complete a task.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The learners will be able to:
• illustrate situations that involve inverse variation
• translate into variation statement a relationship involving inverse variation between
two quantities given by a table of values, a mathematical equation, a graph and
vice versa; and
• solve problems involving inverse variation

Fast-Five
Let’s see how well you understand the topic! Write the letter of the answer you believe is
correct for each question on a sheet of paper. Make sure to answer all the questions. After
completing this short test, review your answers and note any questions you answered
incorrectly. As you work through this module, find and learn the correct answers for those
items.
1. The speed r of a moving object is inversely proportional to the time t travelled is written as?
a. r = kt b. r = k/t c. t = kr d. r/k = r

2. Which of the following describes an inverse variation?

a.

b.

c.

d.
3. If y varies inversely as x and y = 1/3 when x = 8, find y when x = 4?
a. -2/3 b. 2/3 c. -32/3 d. 32/3

4. If 3 men can do a portion of a job in 8 days, how many men can do the same job in 6 days?
a. 7 b. 6 c. 5 d. 4

5. The number of days needed in repairing a house varies inversely as the number of men
working. It takes 15 days for 2 men to repair the house. How many men are needed to complete
the job in 6 days?
a. 5 men b. 6 men c. 15 men d. 20 men

A Deep Dive
Inverse variation occurs whenever a situation produces pairs of numbers whose product
is constant.
For quantities x and y, an increase in x causes a decrease in y or vice versa. We can say
that y varies inversely as x or .
The statement, “y varies inversely to x”, translate to where k is the constant of
variation.

Anna lives 40 km away from the office of ABC Corporation where

she works. Driving a car, the time it takes her to reach works
depends on her average speed.

1.How do the speed and time travel affect each other?

“an increase in speed produces a decrease in time in travelling”

2. Write a mathematical statement to represent the relation.

“the speed (d) is inversely proportional to the time (t)”

3. Is there a constant number involved? Explain the process that

you have used in finding out.
 Write an equation for the following statements.

a) The number of pizza slices p varies inversely as the number of person n sharing a
whole pizza.

b) The length l of a rectangle varies inversely as its width w.

c) The mass m of an object varies inversely as the acceleration due to gravity g.

Find the equation and solve for k; y varies inversely as x and

y = 6 when x = 18.

Solve for k.

If y varies inversely as x and y = 10 when x = 2, find y when

x = 10.

Solve for k.
More to Explore!
A crew of 12 can build a hut in 8 days. How long would it
take a crew of 4 to build the same hut?

Let y = number of days to build a hut.

x = the number crew

The number of hours, t, required to finish a certain job varies

inversely as the number of persons, N, on the job. If 16 persons
require 18 hours to finish the job, how long would it take 64
persons to finish the job?
Express each of the following statements as a mathematical equation.
_________1. Atmospheric pressure (P) varies inversely as the altitude (h).
_________2. The number of persons n needed to do a job varies inversely as the number of days d to
finish the job.
_________3. The time (t) required to travel a given fixed distance is inversely proportion to the speed
(r).
_________4. The length l of a rectangular field varies inversely as its width w.
_________5. The cost c per person of renting a private resort varies inversely as the number n of
persons sharing the rent.

Find the constant of variation and the equation of the following relations presented
below.

1.

2.

Solve the following word problems.

If r varies inversely as the cube of s, and r = 17 when s = 3, find r when s = 2.

Two college students decided to rent an apartment near the school where they are
studying. The nearest and cheapest apartment costs Php 5,000 a month, which
they find too much for their monthly budget. How many students will they need to
share the rent with so that each will pay only Php 1,250 a month?
 Time!
Performance Task: Cite a real life situation that describes the concept of inverse variation. Create your
own word problem and answer it. Present your answer with table of values, graph and equation. You
will be graded according to the rubric below.

RUBRICS FOR GRADING:

Inverse Variation occurs when one quantity is equal to a constant times the inverse of the other
quantity. This can be express into mathematical statement or equation as y = k/x and xy = k where k is
the constant of variation or constant of proportionality and x is a nonzero real numbers. These
statements can be:

“ y varies inversely as x” and

“y is inversely proportional to x” .

This means that the product of the two variables remains constant. The graph of an inverse
variation function is a hyperbola with two branches. Inverse variation is used in fields like physics,
economics, and engineering to model relationships where variables have an inverse relationship. Solving
problems involves finding the constant of variation kkk and using it to determine unknown values,
making it essential for understanding various real-world scenarios.
 FOCUSCheck!
Direction: Choose the letter that corresponds the best answer.

1.If a and b are dependent and independent variables respectively, which equations shows inverse
variation?
a. ab = k b. a/b = k c. b/a = k d. none of these

2. If m is inversely proportional to n, the equation must be written as

a. k = m/n b. m = k/n c. n = km d. none of these

3. If a varies inversely as b, and a=12 when b = 4, find a when b = -16.

a. 48 b. -8 c. 24 d. -3

4. Which of the following that illustrates inverse variation?

a. c.

b. d.

5. If y varies inversely with x and k=12, what is the value of y when x=4?
a. 3 b. 6 c. 12 d. 48

6. What is the constant of variation in the equation y=15/x?

a. 15 b. 15/x c. 0 d. x

7. In an inverse variation relationship, what happens to y as x increases?

a. y increases b. y remains constant c. y decreases d. y oscillates

8. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates inverse variation?

a. The speed of a car and the distance it travels in a fixed time
b. The temperature of water and the amount of sugar dissolved
c. The number of hours worked and the total wage earned, with a fixed hourly rate
d. The force between two objects and the distance between them, assuming a constant
gravitational force

9. The time T needed to finish a job varies inversely with the number of workers N. If 4 workers can
finish the job in 6 hours, how long will it take if there are 6 workers?
a. 4 hours b. 5 hours c. 6 hours d. 8 hours

10. The amount of paint needed for a wall varies inversely with the number of people painting. If 3
people need 8 hours to paint a wall, how long will it take 6 people to paint the same wall?
a. 4 hours b. 6 hours c. 8 hours d. 12 hours
 Joint Variation
In this module, you'll learn about joint variation, which is when one variable depends on
two or more other variables at the same time. This concept helps us understand how different
factors work together in real-life situations, like in science, business, or everyday problems.

By the end of this module, you'll be able to recognize and use joint variation equations
to solve various problems. This topic builds on what you already know about direct and inverse
variation, making it easier to handle more complex relationships between variables. Get ready to
explore how multiple factors connect and influence each other!

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The learners will be able to:
• illustrate joint variation
• translate into variation statement a relationship involving joint variation between two
quantities given by a table of values, a mathematical equation, a graph and vice
versa; and
• solve problems involving joint variation

Fast-Five
Choose the correct answer from the given choices. Write the letter of your choice on
your answer sheet.
1. M varies jointly as N and T. Which of the following is its variation equation?
a. M = NT b. N = kMT c. M = kNT d. k = M/NT

2. If x=4, y=2 and w=10, which of the following is twice the value of k?
a.5 b.8 c.10 d.12

3. If X=15 and Y=25, which of the following is 5 more than the value of W?
a.3 b.8 c.11 d.14

For items 4-5, refer to the problem below:

The foot road of Barangay Bagong Silang needs to be repaired. The time (t) needed to repair the said
foot road varies jointly as the length (l) and the square root of the width (w) of the foot road, and
inversely as the number of men (m) doing the work.
4. The above problem illustrates what type of variation?
a. Direct b. Inverse c. Joint d. Combined

5. Which of the following is the correct Mathematical translation of the above problem?

a. b. c. d.
 A Deep Dive
Joint variation occurs when one quantity varies directly as the product of two or more other
quantities. This can be expressed into mathematical statement or equation as:

and

where k is the constant of variation or constant of proportionality.

Translate each statement into mathematical sentence. Use k

as the constant of variation.

1. P varies jointly as q and r.

2. The area A of a parallelogram varies jointly as the base b and altitude h.

3. The volume of a cylinder V varies jointly as its height h and the square of the radius r.

4. The heat H produced by an electric lamp varies jointly as the resistance R and the
square of the current I.

5. The force F applied to an object varies jointly as the mass m and the acceleration a.

Find the equation of equation where a varies jointly as b

and c, and a = 36 when b = 3 and c = 4.

SOLUTION:

Therefore, the required equation of variation is:

a = 3bc
More to Explore!
z varies jointly as x and y. If z = 16 when x = 4 and y = 6,
find the constant of variation and the equation of the relation.

SOLUTION:

Therefore, the equation of variation is:

If q is jointly proportional to r and s and q = 6, when r = 3 and

s = 4, find q when r = 7 and s = 2.

SOLUTION:

The area A of a triangle varies jointly as the base b and the

altitude h of the triangle. If A = 65 cm^2 when b = 10 cm and
h = 13 cm, find the area of a triangle whose base is 8 cm and
whose altitude is 11 cm.
SOLUTION:

Solving for A:

Equation of Variation:
 Translate each statement into an equation. Use k for the constant of variation.
_________1. a varies jointly with b and the square of c.
_________2. m varies jointly as n and the square root of p.
_________3. The electrical voltage V varies jointly as the current I and the resistance R.
_________4. The area (A) of a parallelogram varies jointly as the base (b) and the altitude (h).
_________5. The volume (V) of a rectangular solid varies jointly as its length (L), width (w) and its
height (h).

Solve each problem by identifying the variables involved, setting up the joint variation equation, finding
the constant of variation, and using it to determine the unknown values.

Say z varies jointly as w and x and z = 60 when w = 3 and x = 4. Find the value
of the constant of variation.

The area of a particular figure varies jointly with its base and height. If its base
is 4 and height is 10, then the area is 20. What is the area if its base is 8 and
height is 14?

The area of a particular figure varies jointly with its base and height. If its base
is 9 and height is 7, then the area is 31.5. What is the area if its base is 5 and
height is 14?
 Time!
Performance Task: Make a collage of a certain situation showing the concept of joint variation. Post
your work on our web page. You will be graded according to the rubric below.

RUBRICS FOR GRADING:

Joint variation describes a situation where one variable depends on two (or more) other variables,
and varies directly as each of them when the others are held constant. We say y varies jointly as x and
z if y = kxz, for some constant k.
 FOCUSCheck!
Direction: Choose the letter that corresponds the best answer.
1. The variable z varies jointly with x and y. If z=24 when x=3 and y=4, what is the constant of
variation k?
a. 2 b. 3 c. 6 d. 8

2. The variable y varies jointly as a and b. If y=30 when a=5 and b=6, find y when a=3 and b=4.
a. 15 b. 20 c. 25 d. 10

3. Which of the following statements correctly represents joint variation?

a. z=k+xy b. z=k−xy c. z=kxy d. z=k÷xy

4. The number of apples A a person can buy varies jointly with the amount of money M and the price
per apple P. If A=12 when M=6 and P=0.5, find A when M=8 and P=0.4.
a. 16 b. 20 c. 24 d. 18

5. Which graph best illustrates joint variation between z, x, and y?

a. A linear graph
b. A parabola
c. A hyperbola
d. A straight line

6. Given the table below, find the constant of variation k for the joint variation of z with x and y.

a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 12

7. If W varies jointly as x and y, and W=50 when x=5 and y=2, what is the value of W when x=10 and
y=1?
a. 50 b. 100 c. 25 d. 75

8. The variable P varies jointly with q and r. If P=80 when q=4 and r=5, what is P when q=2 and r=8?
a. 40 b. 80 c. 160 d. 200

9. If T varies jointly as u and v, and the equation is T=12uv, what is T when u=2 and v=3?
a. 72 b. 36 c. 24 d. 18

10. The volume V of a box varies jointly as its length l, width w, and height h. If V=60 when l=5, w=3,
and h=4, find V when l=6, w=2, and h=5.
a. 50 b. 60 c. 80 d. 100
 Combined Variation
In mathematics, combined variation refers to situations where a variable depends on two
or more variables through both direct and inverse relationships. A combined variation involves both
direct variation, where one variable increases or decreases in proportion to another, and inverse
variation, where one variable increases as another decreases.
Understanding combined variation helps us analyze more complex real-world scenarios,
such as determining the relationship between speed, distance, and time or pressure, volume, and
temperature in scientific applications. This topic equips learners with the ability to solve practical
problems where multiple factors interact in different ways.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The learners will be able to:
• illustrate situations involving combined variation;
• translate into variation statement a relationship between two or more quantities;
and
• solve problems involving combined variation.
Fast-Five
Choose the correct answer from the given choices. Write the letter of your choice on your
answer sheet.

1. A car’s fuel consumption varies directly with the distance traveled and inversely with its fuel
efficiency. Which of the following represents this relationship?
a. Fuel consumption decreases when distance increases.
b. Fuel consumption increases when distance increases and fuel efficiency decreases.
c. Fuel consumption decreases when both distance and fuel efficiency increase.
d. Fuel consumption increases when fuel efficiency increases.

2. The brightness of a light source varies directly with the power of the bulb and inversely with
the square of the distance from the light. Which of the following best represents this situation?
a. Brightness increases as the power decreases and distance increases.
b. Brightness decreases as both power and distance increase.
c. Brightness increases as power increases and distance decreases.
d. Brightness increases when both power and distance increase.

3. If z varies directly with x and inversely with y, which of the following is the correct variation
equation?

a. b. c. d.
4. The volume of a gas varies directly with its temperature and inversely with the pressure. Which of
the following correctly translates this relationship into a variation equation?

a. b. c. d.

5. If F varies directly with the square of x and inversely with y, and when x=4 and y=2, F=8, what is F
when x=6 and y=3?
a. F=12 b. F=18 c. F=24 d. F=36

A Deep Dive
Combined variation refers to a situation in which one quantity varies directly or jointly
and inversely as the other quantities. This can be expressed into mathematical statement or
equation as:

or

where k is the constant of variation or constant of proportionality.

Using k as the constant of variation, write the equation of variation

for each of the following:

1. W varies jointly as c and the square of a and inversely as b.

2. P varies directly as the square of x and inversely as s.

3. The electrical resistance R of a wire varies directly as its length l and inversely as the square of
its diameter d.

4. The acceleration A of a moving object varies directly as the distance d it travels and inversely
as the square of the time t it travels.

5. The pressure P of a gas varies directly as its temperature t and inversely as its volume V.
 If z varies directly as x and inversely as y, and z = 9 when x = 6
and y = 2, find z when x = 8 and y = 12.

SOLUTION:
equation of variation:

solve for z:

If p varies directly as q and inversely as the square of r, and p = 20

when q = 50 and r = 5, find p when q = 18 and r = 6.

SOLUTION:
 Translate the following to mathematical statements or equation.
_________1. G varies directly as Q and inversely as L.
_________2. The electrical resistance (R) varies directly as the length (L) of wire and inversely as the
square of the diameter (d).
_________3. X varies directly as the cube of Y and inversely as the product of W and Z.
_________4. A varies jointly with B and C and inversely with D.
_________5. The cost C varies directly with the number of items n and inversely with the time t taken.

Solve each problem by identifying the variables involved, setting up the combined variation equation,
finding the constant of variation, and using it to determine the unknown values.

The force (F) of attraction of a body varies directly as its mass (m) and inversely
as the square of the distance (d) from the body. When m = 6 kilograms and d=3
meters, F=100 Newtons.
Find:
a) the value of the constant
b) the variation equation
c) F when m=10 kg, and d=5 m

.If h varies directly as m and inversely as n, and h=14 when m=7 and n=3.
Find h when m=4 and n=8.
 Time!
Performance Task: Plan any business that fits at this time. Make a short discussion on how the
product sales affect the amount of money spent on advertising the product and the price of the
product.

RUBRICS FOR GRADING:

Combined Variation is another physical relationship among variables. This kind of variation is a
combination of direct and inverse variations.

The statement “w varies jointly as x and y, and inversely as z”, can be written as

where k is the variation constant.

 FOCUSCheck!
Direction: Choose the letter that corresponds the best answer.
1. Which of the following is the equation of variation where c varies jointly as g and f and c=24 when
g=2 and f=3.
a. K = cgf b. C=kgf c. G = kcf d. F = kcg

2. Which of the following situations illustrates combined variations?

a. A varies directly as B and inversely as C
b. B varies jointly as D and inversely as M
c. P is directly proportional to Q and inversely proportional to R
d. All of the above

For numbers 3-4, refer to the given problem.

The cost (C) of labor varies jointly as the number of workers (W) and the number of days (D) they
work. If 10 men working 8 days each are paid Php560,
3. Which of the following is the value of the variation constant?
a. 3 b. 5 c. 7 d. 9

4. How many days will it take 12 men to earn Php756?

a. 5 b. 7 c. 9 d. 11

Use the problem to answer items 5-7.

T varies directly as the square of P and inversely as Z and T=12 when P=3 and Z=6.
5. Using k as the constant of variation, which of the following is the equation of variation?

a. b. c. d.

6. Which of the following is the value of the variation constant:

a.6 b. 8 c. 10 d. 12

7. Which of the following is twice the value of T when P=9 and Z=6?
a.108 b. 216 c. 54 d. 36

For items 8-10 refer to the following problem.

Z varies jointly as Y and W and inversely as the square of X. if Z=360, y=24, w=20 and x=4.
8.which of the following is the value of the variation constant?
a.12 b. 15 c. 18 d. 21

9. Which of the following is the variation equation of the problem?

a. b. c. d.

10. Which of the following is half the value of Z when y=27,w=15 and x=3?
a. 540 b. 360 c. 270 d. 180
 REFERENCES
Online Resources
• Examples of Combined variations. Retrieved May 25, 2020 from
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/joint-variation-algebra.html

• Joint and Combined Variation. Retrieved June 13,2020 from

https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-elementary-and-intermediate-college-algebra/section/5.10/

• Joint Variation Application. Retrieved June 13, 2020 from

http://www.familyapprovedvideos.com/video/17105/joint-variation-application

• RubricsRetrieved May 24, 2020 from

http://rubistar.4teachers.org/index.php?screen=CustomizeTemplate&bank_rubric_id=15&section_id=6&

Books
• Bryant, M., Bulalayao, L., Callanta, M., Cruz, J., De Vera, R., Garcia, G., Javier, S., Lazaro, R., Mesterio,
B.& Saladin, R.,Mathematics Learner’s Material 9, Pasig City, DepEd-IMCS. 2014
• Coronel, Antonio C., Marasigan, Jose A., Manalastas, Pablo Jr. R. Mathematics 3
• An Integrated Approach. Makati, Metro Manila. Bookmark Inc. 1991
• Ho, Ju Se T., et al. 21st Century Mathematics Third year. Quezon City. Phoenix Publishing House. 1996
• Melosantos, L., et al. Math Connections in the Digital Age, Quezon City. Sibs Publishing House, Inc. 2015
• Orines, Fernando B., Diaz, Zenaida E., Mojica, Maharlika B. Next Century Mathematics(Second Year High
School) Intermediate Algebra. Quezon ave., Quezon City. Phoenix Publishing House.2003
• Oronce, O., & Mendoza, M. E-Math Worktext in Mathematics, Sampaloc Manila, Rex Book Store, Inc. 2015
• Soledad, Jose-Dilao, Ed.D.,Bernabe , Julieta. Intermediate Algebra Textbook for Second Year, Quezon City
.JTW Corporation. 2002
 Laws of Exponents
Applying the Laws of Exponents will help you simplify and solve expressions involving
exponents, making calculations easier and more efficient. By mastering these laws, you'll be able
to handle expressions with powers confidently, whether they involve multiplication, division, or
raising a power to another power. The Laws of Exponents are essential in real-life situations like
calculating compound interest, where investments grow exponentially over time. They also help in
understanding population growth models and scaling objects, which involve changes in area and
volume. Mastering these laws allows us to simplify and solve problems involving large or small
quantities efficiently. Let's get started and unlock the power of exponents!

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The learners will be able to:
• identify and apply the laws of exponents for positive, zero, and negative exponents.
• simplify expressions using the laws for positive, zero, and negative exponents.
• use the laws of exponents to solve real-world problems involving various exponents.

Fast-Five
For each question, select the best option that demonstrates direct variation. Consider
whether the situation, equation, or graph involves direct variation and provide the correct direct
variation statement or equation if applicable.
1. What is the value of where x≠0?
a. 0 b. 1 c. x d. undefined

2. Simplify
a. b. c. d.

3. Which of the following represents the simplified form of ?

a. b. c. d.

4. Simplify
a. b. c. d.

5. What is the result of ?

a. b. 0 c. 1 d. undefined
 A Deep Dive
The expression is read as “a raised to the nth power” or simply “a to the nth” where
a is the base and n is the exponent. The base is the repeated factor in a power while the exponent
is a number which indicates how many times the base is used as a factor. If n is a positive
integer, then = a∙ 𝑎∙ 𝑎 ∙…∙ 𝑎 (𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠) .
For example, in the expression , the base is 2 and exponent is 3. The expression is
equivalent to 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 2, therefore, is equal to 8.

Observe the next examples:

In this lesson, we will study the different laws of exponents that involve positive
integral exponents to zero and negative integral exponents.
I. Positive Integral Exponents
Law: Product of Powers

Examples: Apply the Product of Powers

add the exponents

Simplify:

Law: Quotient of Powers

Examples: Apply the Quotient of Powers

subtract the
exponents
Simplify
:

Law: Power of a Power

Examples: Apply the Power of a Power

law
multiply the
exponents

Note: When you use the power of a power law, it is the quantity within the
parentheses that is raised to the power not the individual terms.

Examples
: Raise each factor
inside the
parentheses to the
given power.
Simplify
:

Apply power of a product

and
power of a power
 Examples
:
Raise the numerator
and denominator to
the given power

Simplify
:

Raise all factors of both

numerator and
denominator to the given
power

II. Zero Exponent Law

Apply Zero Exponent

Law:
III. Negative Exponents

Examples: Express the exponents in positive.

Simplify
:

Apply negative exponent

law
Apply power of a product and
power of a power
Answe
r

If a factor in the numerator or denominator is moved across the fraction bar, the sign
of the exponent is changed.

Things to consider:
Exponential expressions are said to be in simplest form if:
1. all the exponents are positive,
2. there are no powers of powers,
3. each base appears only once( no repeated variables) ,and
4. all fractions are in simplest form
Directions: Read, study carefully and understand the following activities. Answer with honesty.

Simplify the following:

Directions: Simplify the

following:
Directions: Simplify the
following:

Directions: Simplify the following express your answers in positive

exponents.
 Time!
Reflection: This lesson has provided you with opportunities to use the laws of exponents in simplifying.
It has helped you to get the correct answer by simply following the rules. As a student/citizen of our
beloved country, is there a need to follow the existing laws and regulations? Justify your answer.

Combined variation happens when one quantity changes depending on two or more other
quantities. This type of relationship can be found in real-life situations like science and business. To
solve these problems, you need to figure out how the variables are connected, write an equation,
and solve for the missing values.

Did you know? Boyle’s Law in science is an example of combined variation. It explains
how the pressure of gas goes up when the volume goes down, as long as the temperature stays the
same!
 Simplifying Expressions with
Rational Exponents

Simplifying expressions with rational exponents means working with exponents that
are fractions instead of whole numbers. This helps make complex expressions easier to
understand and solve. By understanding how to rewrite and simplify these expressions, we
can deal with problems that involve roots and powers in a more efficient way, making
calculations faster and clearer.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

The learners will be able to:

• define rational exponents and relate them to roots.
• simplify expressions with rational exponents using exponent rules.
• convert between rational exponents and radical expressions accurately.

Fast-Five
Read each question carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your
answers on the provided answer sheet. Make sure to review your work before submitting.
Good luck!

1. Which of the following expressions is equivalent to ?

a. b. c. d.

2. Which of the following is equivalent to ?

a. b. c. d.

3. Simplify .
a. 3 b. 6 c. 9 d. 27

4. Simplify the expression ?

a. b. c. d.

5. Convert to a radical expression.

a. b. c. d.
A Deep Dive
The expression is an expression with rational exponent.

I. Simplifying Expressions with Rational

Exponents

Examples:
Simplify.
II. Writing Expressions with Rational Exponents as Radicals and Vice-
versa
All expressions with rational exponents can be expressed in radical form and these are
called radical expressions.

Examples: Write the following rational expression to radical

form.

Examples: Write the following radical expression to expressions with rational exponent.
Directions: Read, study carefully and understand the following activities. Answer with honesty.

Simplify the following expressions with rational exponents by filling in the arrows with solutions.
Simplify the following using your acquired knowledge in rational exponents. Show your solution.

Transform the given expression with rational exponents to its radical form and vice versa. Assume
that all letters represent positive real numbers. Write your answer on the space provided for.
 Time!
What’s the message?: Decode the passage by evaluating the following expressions. Have
fun!

Rubrics for Scoring

• 1 point for every correct letter
• 10 points for the correct message

The knowledge you acquired in the previous lessons is essential in answering the activities
presented. Lessons in Mathematics are interconnected. Did you have a hard time answering some of
the activities? What did you do to overcome?

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 Deriving the Laws of
Radicals
Have you ever wondered how architects design buildings or how engineers calculate the
strength of structures? They use math concepts like radicals to simplify complex calculations.
Even in everyday life, when you measure something precisely, like cutting a pizza into equal
slices, you’re using math. Radicals help us break down numbers into smaller parts, making
them easier to work with, much like how a recipe might break down ingredients to ensure the
perfect dish.
In this module, you’ll discover how these mathematical tools work behind the scenes in
situations you encounter every day.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The learners will be able to:
• define and identify the basic properties of radicals and their relationship with rational
exponents.
• derive and apply the laws of radicals, including the product, quotient, and power
rules, to simplify radical expressions.
• solve and simplify radical expressions using the derived laws of radicals, demonstrating
accuracy and understanding through guided practice.

Fast-Five
Read each question carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your
answers on the provided answer sheet. Make sure to review your work before submitting.
Good luck!
1. Which of the following is the correct expression of ?
a. b. c. d.
2. How can be written using rational exponents?
a. b. c. d.
3. Simplify the expression ?
a. b. c. d.
4. Which of the following simplifies ?
a. b. c. d.
5. Simplify .
a. b. c. d.
A Deep Dive

Remember this:

A. Derivation of the Laws of

Radicals