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Edge Computing

An introduction to edge computing

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niko ferns
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28 views24 pages

Edge Computing

An introduction to edge computing

Uploaded by

niko ferns
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BCSE313L- Fog and Edge Computing

Prof. R.Mariappan, SCOPE


SJT 313- A18
Hierarchy of Fog and Edge Computing
• CIoT systems can deploy FEC servers at three edge layers
– inner-edge
– middle-edge
– outer-edge
1. Inner-Edge
• Inner-edge (also known as near-the-edge ) corresponds to countrywide,
statewide, and regional WAN of enterprises, ISPs, the data center of
Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and Metropolitan Area Network (MAN).
• Service providers at inner-edge only offer the fundamental
infrastructures for connecting local networks to the global Internet.

• The quality of experience (QoE) of Web services have motivated the geo-
distributed caching and processing mechanism at the network data
centers of WAN.
• Example :
– Google Edge Network (peering.google.com) collaborates with ISPs to
distribute data servers at the ISPs’ data centers in order to improve
the response speed of Google’s cloud services.
• The WAN-based cloud data centers
can be considered as the fog of inner-edge
2. Middle-Edge
• Middle-edge corresponds to the environment of the most common
understanding of FEC, which consists of two types of networks
Local Area Network (LANs) Cellular Network

• LANs include Ethernet, Wireless LANs (WLANs) and Campus Area


Network (CANs).
• The cellular network consists of the macrocell, microcell, picocell, and
femtocell.
2.1 Local Area Network
• The emerging Fog computing architecture introduced by Cisco’s research
was utilizing Internet gateway devices (e.g. Cisco IR829 Industrial
Integrated Router) to provide the similar model as utility Cloud services
in which the gateway devices provide virtualization technologies that
allow the gateway devices to support FEC mechanisms.

• It is also an ideal solution to utilize the virtualization technology-


enabled server computers located within the same subnet of LAN or
CAN (i.e. within the one-hop range between the IoT device and the
computer) with the FEC nodes.
2.2 Cellular Network
• Most developed cities have wide coverage of cellular networks provided
by numerous types of BTSs, which are the ideal facilities to serve as
roadside FEC hosts for various mobile IoT use cases such as connected
vehicles, mobile healthcare, and virtual or augmented reality, which
require rapid process and response on the real-time data stream.
• Major telecommunication infrastructure and equipment providers such
as Nokia, ADLink, or Huawei have started providing MEC-enabled
hardware and infrastructure solutions.
• Accordingly, it is foreseeable that in the near future, cellular network-
based FEC will be available in a broad range of related equipment, from
macrocell and microcell BTSs to the indoor cellular extension equipment
such as picocell and femtocell base stations.
3. Outer-Edge
• Outer-edge, which is also known as extreme-edge, far-edge, or mist,
represents the front-end of the IoT network, which consists of three
types of devices
Constraint Devices Integrated Devices IP Gateway Devices
3.1 Constraint Devices
• Constraint devices such as sensors or actuators are usually operated by
microcontrollers that have the very limited processing power and
memory.
• Example: Atmel ATmega328 single-chip microcontroller which is the CPU
of Arduino Uno Rev3, has only 20 MHz processing power and 32kB.
• Due to the field-programmable
ability of today’s wireless
sensors and actuators, the IoT
system can always update or
reconfigure the program code
of the devices dynamically and
remotely.
3.2 Integrated Devices
• Devices are operated by processors that have decent processing power.
• Integrated devices have many embedded capabilities in
– Networking (e.g. Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivities)
– Embedded Sensors (e.g. gyroscope, accelerator)
– Decent storage memory.

• The most cost-efficient commercial products of integrated devices


– Acorn RISC Machine (ARM)
– CPU-based smartphones
– Tablets (e.g. Android OS, iOS devices)
• They can perform sensing tasks and can also interact with the cloud via
the middle-edge facilities.
• The integrated devices may have constraints in the OS environment that
reduce the flexibility of deploying a virtualization platform on them.
• A few platforms such as Apache Edgent (edgent.apache.org) or Termux
(termux.com) are promising approaches toward realizing FEC on the
integrated devices.
3.3 IP Gateway Devices
• Hubs, or IP gateway devices, act as the mediator between the
constrained devices and the middle-edge devices.

• The constraint
devices are
communicated
using the protocols
that consume less
energy, such as
Bluetooth Low
Energy, IEEE
802.15.4 (e.g.
ZigBee), or Z-Wave.
• The low-energy communication protocols do not directly connect with
the IP network, the system would use IP gateway devices to relay the
communication messages between the constraint devices and the
Internet gateway (e.g. routers).
• The backend cloud is capable of interacting with the frontend constraint
devices.
Business Models
• The three basic business models are
X as a Service Support Service Application Service
1. X as a Service
• X as a service (XaaS) corresponds to infrastructure, platform, software,
networking, cache or storage, and many other types of resources
mentioned in general cloud services.
• XaaS providers of FEC
allow their clients to pay
to use the hardware
equipment that supports
SCANC mechanisms
• Individuals and
small businesses
canalso provide
XaaS in the form
of IndieFog that is
based on the
popular consumer
as provider (CaP)
service
provisioning
model in multiple
domains.
• Example:
– MQL5 Cloud Network distributed computing project
(cloud.mql5.com) utilizes customer-premises equipment (CPE) to
perform various distributed computing tasks.
– Fon (fon.com) utilizes CPE to establish a global Wi-Fi network
2. Support Service
• The support service of FEC is similar to the software management
support services in general information systems in which the clients who
own the hardware equipment can pay the support service provider to
provide them with the corresponding software installation,
configuration, and updates on the clients’ equipment based on their
requirements.
• The clients may also pay the provider for monthly or annual support
services for maintenance and technical support.
• Support service providers offer their clients highly customized solutions
to achieve the optimal operation of their FEC-integrated systems.
• Example:
– Cisco provides the fog computing solution, in which the clients
purchase Cisco’s IOX-enabled equipment and then pay an additional
service fee to gain access to the software update and technical
support for configuring their FEC environments
3. Application Service
• Application service providers provide application solutions to help their
clients in processing the data within or outside of the client’s operation
environments.
• Example:
– Digital Twinning technologies create a real-time virtualized twin that
clones the real-world behavior of a broad range of physical entities,
from industrial facilities, equipment to the entire factory plane and
the involved production lane and supply chains.
• An FEC application service provider can provide the Digital Twinning
solution configured across all the involved entities at the edge networks
in order to provide the analysis in an ultra-low latency manner (less
than tens of milliseconds) toward helping the industrial system with
rapid reactions.
• FEC application service providers can also assist local government in
real-time traffic control systems that facilitate the self-driving,
connected vehicles.
• Example :
• An IndieFog provider who has installed Apache Edgent can offer the
built-in stream data classification function as an application service
for the mobile AAL clients in the close proximity.

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