EE 220: Midterm 4th Semester March 13, 2023

Maximum Marks: 30 Time Allowed: 70 Minutes

1. [07+03 Points] Consider a continuous time LTI system whose impulse response h0 ( t ) is
( 4− t /2 ) u ( t − 4 ) . Two such systems are connected in series to create a system S. Compute
(a) the impulse response of S and (b) use this result to compute the step response of S.
Hint: 4 − t /2 can be written as exp ( pt ) , where p is a constant.

Where, 4 − t /2=2− t=exp [ ln ( 2−t ) ]=exp [ − ln ( 2 ) t ] =exp ( −at )

∞
h ( t )=h0 ( t ) ∗ h0 ( t )=∫ h0 ( τ ) h0 ( t − τ ) dτ
−∞
Now, h ( τ )=exp ( − aτ ) u ( τ − 4 ) is a function that starts at τ =4 and goes up to τ =∞ ,
whereas, h0 ( t − τ ) is a function that starts at τ =− ∞ and goes up to τ =t − 4 , therefore,

When t − 4 <4 , i.e., t <8, there is no overlap and h ( t )=0. Also, for t − 4 ≥ 4 , i.e., t ≥ 8,
t−4
h ( t )= ∫ exp (− aτ ) exp [ −a ( t − τ ) ] dτ= ( t −8 ) exp ( − at ) , or,
4

0 t< 8
h ( t )=
{( t − 8 ) exp [ − ln ( 2 ) t ] = (t −8 ) 4 −t /2
t≥8

Now,
t t t
s ( t )=u ( t ) ∗ h (t )= ∫ h ( τ ) dτ=∫ h ( τ ) dτ =∫ ( τ −8 ) exp ( − aτ ) dτ
−∞ 8 8
t t
( τ −8 ) exp ( − aτ ) exp ( − aτ ) a ( t − 8 ) exp ( −at ) exp ( − at ) exp ( −8 a )
−
a 8
− | a2 8
−
a|2
−
a 2
+
a 2
Thus,

−1 exp [ −8 ln ( 2 ) ] −1 exp [ − 8 ln ( 2 ) ]
s ( t )= 2
exp [ − ln ( 2 ) t ] [ 1+ ln ( 2 )( t −8 ) ] + 2
= 2
4 −t / 2 [ 1+ ln ( 2 ) ( t − 8 ) ] + 2
[ ln (2 ) ] [ ln ( 2 ) ] [ ln ( 2 ) ] [ ln ( 2 ) ]

2. [06+03+01 Points] A discrete time LTI system S, which starts from rest, is modeled with
the following difference equation:
y [ n ] − 0.5 y [ n −1 ] =x [ n ]
Solve the difference equation to compute the step response of S. Use this result to
compute the impulse response of S. Show how this result can be used to determine the
causality of S.

n
1
Since x [ n ] =u [ n ], therefore, y [ n ] =s [ n ]. Now, y h [ n ] =c ()2
u [ n ] and y p [ n ] =K=2.

n
1
Therefore, [ ( )] [ ]
y [ n ] = 2+ c
2
u n. Also, y [ − 1 ] =0 , thus, c=− 1, or,

n
1
y [ n ] =s [ n ] = 2 −
[ ( )] [ ]
2
un.

1
EE 220: Midterm 4th Semester March 13, 2023
Maximum Marks: 30 Time Allowed: 70 Minutes

n n− 1 n n
h [ n ] =s [ n ] − s [ n− 1 ] =2 u [ n ] −2 u [ n− 1 ] − ( 0.5 ) u [ n ] + ( 0.5 ) u [ n −1 ] =2 δ [ n ] − ( 0.5 ) u [ n ] +2 ( 0.5 ) u [ n −1 ] =2

Since, h [ n ] =0 for n< 0, therefore, the system is causal.

3. [Part-I, 06 Points] Sketch the periodic signal shown below and then using the properties
of the Fourier series, find its Fourier series coefficients:
1 0≤|t |≤1

{
x (t )= 2 −t 1≤|t |≤2
0 2 ≤|t|≤ 4

What do you think should be the form of these coefficients. Justify your choice. You will
not get any credit if you use the analysis equation to find the Fourier series coefficients.

After differentiating once, the signal becomes discontinuous, therefore, the Fourier series
coefficients should decay as ( k )2. After differentiating x (t ) twice, which has a period equal
to 8, we get:

which can be decomposed into sum of four signals each periodic with the same period:

2
EE 220: Midterm 4th Semester March 13, 2023
Maximum Marks: 30 Time Allowed: 70 Minutes

All the decomposed signals are equivalent to impulse trains, each periodic with period 8,
and either delayed or advanced by 2 or 1. Thus, since the Fourier series coefficients of an
impulse train, with period 8, are 1/8 for all k, therefore:

'' 2 2 2 2
x ( t ) ↔ ak then x ( t ) ↔ bk =ak ( jk ω0 ) or a k =b k / ( jk ω0 ) =− bk 4 / ( πk ) , where
ω 0=( 2 π ) / 8=π / 4 and b k =1/8

By using the linearity any time shifting properties of the Fourier series vis-à-vis the
impulse train, we get:

2 2
a k =− ( 4 /2 ) / ( πk ) [ exp ( + j 2 k ω0 ) + exp ( − j 2 k ω0 ) − exp ( + jk ω0 ) −exp ( − jk ω0 ) ]=4 / ( πk ) [ cos ( k π / 4 ) −cos ( k

[Part-II, 04 Points] Use the analysis equation to find the Fourier series coefficients of the
periodic signal shown below:

The fundamental period of the signal is 4 and the fundamental frequency is 2 π /4=π /2.
a 0 is the area under the signal, in one period, which is zero in this case.

+T / 2 0 2
1 π 1 π 1 π
ak= ∫
T − T /2 ( ) ( )
x ( t ) exp − jk t dt= ∫ ( 5 t ) exp − jk t dt + ∫ ( 10− 5 t ) exp − jk t dt
2 4 −2 2 4 0 2 ( )
Now,

3
EE 220: Midterm 4th Semester March 13, 2023
Maximum Marks: 30 Time Allowed: 70 Minutes

− t exp ( − at ) exp ( − at )
∫ t exp ( −at ) dt= a
−
a2

Thus,
0 0 2 2
π π π π
) + 5 exp (− jk π2 t )
ak=
−5
4
jk
π
2
exp ( jkπ )
(
t exp − jk t
2

5
)
| −2
−
5
4

exp ( jkπ )
( )
exp − jk t

( )
jk
π
2
2
2
|−2
−

exp ( − jkπ ) 5
10
4
jk
(
exp − jk t
π
2
2

exp ( − jkπ )
)
|
0
+
5
4

exp ( − jkπ )
(
t exp − jk t

jk
π
2
2

5
|
0
4 2

( jk π2 ) |
−5 + −5 −5 + +5 −5 +
jkπ ( kπ ) 2
( kπ )2
jkπ jkπ jkπ ( kπ ) 2
( kπ )2
10 exp ( − jkπ ) 5 exp ( − jkπ ) 10 5
− 10 + −5 2
[ 1 − ( − 1 )k ] − j kπ [ 1 − ( −1 )k ]
( kπ ) 2
( kπ ) 2
jkπ jkπ ( kπ )

Or,
20 10
ak= k π
{
2 2
−j

0
kπ
k , odd

k , even