1

INDUS UNIVERSITY
Learn Well To Live Well

2
 ENGLISH COMPULSORY

• Semester 1ST
• Credit Hours 3
• Program BTD/BID/BFD/BMS

Faculty of Art & Design, Indus University 3

 Assessment

• Assignment 80marks
• Quiz 10marks
• Report 5marks
• Presentation 5marks

Faculty of Art & Design, Indus University 4

 TOPICS

• WORDS CLASSES
• SENTENCES FORMATION
• WORDS ELEMENTS
• SENTENCES ELEMENTS

Faculty of Art & Design, Indus University 5

 TOPICS
WORDS CLASSES

English has four major word classes: nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs. They have
many thousands of members, and new nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs are often
created. Nouns are the most common type of word, followed by verbs. Adjectives are
less common and adverbs are even less common.
Many words belong to more than one word class. For example, book can be used as a
noun or as a verb; fast can be used as an adjective or an adverb:

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/word-classes-and-phrase-classes

Faculty of Art & Design, Indus University 6

Typical word-class suffixes

English has four major word classes: nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs. They have A
suffix can often, but not always, tell us if a word is a noun, verb, adjective or adverb

nouns verbs adjectives adverbs

station soften drinkable carefully

government identify Japanese easily
cruelty industrialise useless sadly

Faculty of Art & Design, Indus University 7

Other word classes
Pronouns
Pronouns are words which substitute for noun phrases, so that we do not need to say
the whole noun phrase or repeat it unnecessarily. Pronouns include words such as you,
it, we, mine, ours, theirs, someone, anyone, one, this, those:

8
Other word classes
Determiners
Determiners come before nouns. They show what type of reference the noun is
making. They include words such as a/an, the, my, his, some, this, both:

9
Other word classes
Conjunctions
Conjunctions show a link between one word, phrase or clause and another word,
phrase or clause. They include and, but, when, if, because:

10
Other word classes
Interjections
Interjections are mostly exclamation words (e.g. gosh! wow! oh!), which show people’s
reactions to events and situations:

11
 SENTENCES FORMATION
Sentence Formation is a subsection of the correct sentence section of IBPS PO, SO, SBI,
RBI, SSC and many other exams. In this section, we will see various types of sentences
and methods to form such sentences. We will also see how to detect and check
for errors in the sentences with regards to the sentence formation. In the section
below, we will see the different types of sentences and the various types of errors that
can be present in them. Let us see!

https://www.toppr.com/guides/english-language/correct-sentences/sentence-formation/

12
 SENTENCES FORMATION
A sentence is a meaningful collection of words. However, with the rules of grammar in
mind, we can say that a sentence is a group of words that has a subject, a verb, and
an object. In English, this is known as the SVO structure or the Subject-Verb-
Object structure. The subject comes first, then comes the verb and, following which
comes the object. Let us first see the different types of the sentences. In the space
below we will discuss definitions and examples of the various types of sentences. Let
us begin with what is known as the simple sentence.
https://www.toppr.com/guides/english-language/correct-sentences/sentence-formation/

13
14
 SENTENCES FORMATION
Simple Sentence
A sentence is a simple sentence if it contains only an independent sentence. This type
of sentence doesn’t contain any dependent clause. Let us see some of the examples:
The dog barked. This is a simple sentence. Harsh takes a walk in the morning. The
trains are late today etc. are all simple sentences. All of these sentences have a single
independent clause. Let us see a sentence correction example of this section:
Example 1: He always gets into trouble for hurt his classmates.
A) hurting his B) having been hurt C) his hurt D) his hurting E)
No correction required.
Answer: In the context of the sentence the correct option here would be A) hurting
his. This is the present continuous tense and is thus suitable with respect to the given
sentence.

https://www.toppr.com/guides/english-language/correct-sentences/sentence-formation/

15
 SENTENCES FORMATION
Compound Sentence
These sentences are of two clauses. Each of them is an independent clause, so we can
say that every combination of two independent clauses will form a compound
sentence. The two clauses will be connected with what we call the “FANBOYS”
conjunctions. The FANBOYS conjunctions are the following:

https://www.toppr.com/guides/english-language/correct-sentences/sentence-formation/

16
 SENTENCES FORMATION
Compound Sentence
These sentences are of two clauses. Each of them is an independent clause, so we can
say that every combination of two independent clauses will form a compound
sentence. The two clauses will be connected with what we call the “FANBOYS”
conjunctions. The FANBOYS conjunctions are the following:

https://www.toppr.com/guides/english-language/correct-sentences/sentence-formation/

17
18
 SENTENCES FORMATION
Complex Sentence
The third type of sentences are the complex sentences. The complex sentences have
one or more than one dependent clauses. They may also contain an independent
clause but must have at least one dependent clause. The dependent clauses can be
identified with the help of conjunctions that are known as the subordinating
conjunctions.

https://www.toppr.com/guides/english-language/correct-sentences/sentence-formation/

19
 SENTENCES FORMATION
Other Sentence Types
There are other sentence types that are based on the mood or the tempo of the
speaker or the writer. They are given below with examples:
Assertive or Declarative Sentences: These are the sentences that state facts, or declare
statements. For example, India is a secular country. The sun rises in the East etc.
Interrogative Sentences: The sentences that ask questions or inquire about something
are interrogative sentences. For example, Is she serious? Are you going to the party?
etc.
Imperative Sentence: These sentences convey orders, pieces of advice, orders,
requests etc. For example, Shut the door.
Exclamatory Sentences: They express the strongest emotions of fear, excitement,
happiness, sorrow, shock etc. The exclamatory sentences often end in an exclamatory
mark ‘!’. For example, Alas! I forgot my phone.

https://www.toppr.com/guides/english-language/correct-sentences/sentence-formation/

20
Thank You

21