Clinic Management System
Clinic Management System
Section
INTRODUCTION
Empandeni is situated slightly on the outskirts of the city of Plumtree .It is located in rural
Zimbabwe near the Botswana boarder, in Mangwe district, Mat South Province,
Church in 1954. The clinic maintains full information of both indoor and outdoor patients
using the manual system. As the patients come, the registration of patients is done by just
writing the patient’s name, age and gender. The bills are generated by recording price for
each facility provided to patient on a separate sheet and at last they are assumed up. Also the
BACKGROUND ANALYSIS
Empandeni maintains full information of both indoor and outdoor patients using the manual
system. As the patients come, the registration of patients is done by just writing the patient’s
name, age and gender. The bills are generated by recording price for each facility provided to
patient on a separate sheet and at last they are assumed up. Also the diagnosis information to
introduction of computers was made.For over a period of time the clinic has been using a
manual system of records and it will be for patients over 50, hence it is facing some
challenges in the patients record when some of the information is lost. Clinics are a very
important thing in the society as it is important to society, there is no way by which the clinic
can achieve its purpose of establishing without an effective and we’ll operating stuff. The
stuff helps bring about achievement, manages the clinic’s operations and that is operates in a
right way. The stuff can do this through record keeping. Record keeping management is
important because it is effective in all activities that the clinic stuff do like planning &
budgeting. Record keeping management system is important and cannot be ignored and
hence it needs to be improved so that it keeps on effective rather than bring challenges in
system flows and operates, the problems the stuff faces when using the system and
• Data analysis is the in-depth study of the system in order to determine how
• This is necessary because it is easier for the reader to understand how the
• Under data analysis of the current system, DFDs flowcharts and ERDs will
• Each ward has a ward number and name recorded, along with a number of beds in
that ward
• Nurses have their staff number, name recorded and is assigned to a ward
• Each patient in the clinic has a patient identification number, and their name, address
• Each patient is under the care of a nurse and is assigned to a single ward
Age
Sex
specialism
Name
Ward ID
Beds
Address
Ward Patient
DOB
Staff ID
Name Staff ID
Nurse Consultant
Specialis
m
REASEARCH INSTRUMENT
• This techniques are useful in investigating further about the current system.
• These are techniques used to collect data for analysis in order to obtain new
Observation
RECORD INSPECTION
When I used this method after asking for their records, I discovered that the records
were not put up to date and everything was a mess. I also discovered that patients
records were misplaced and wrong information was written down I then decide to use
INTERVIEWS
Since this method is best way to obtain information, I asked the nurses the challenges
and problems they are facing, that’s how I discovered that data is not safe as it is
stored in cabinets and may be damaged in case of fire, or natural disasters and it can
Interview Number
Name:
Date:
Method:
Preparations
Purpose
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Relevant Research
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Questions
• As a nurse what are the problems you are facing with the current system
ANSWER
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2.What action is taken when there is an error pertaining to the patient’s records
currently
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Medicine has always been dynamic and that means more and more diseases are discovered
each day that makes the current infections more than tenfold, when systems were designed
including structural design of records storage. Three decades ago, data for the whole year for
a certain health facility would fit in less than five files coupled with a handful number of
record books whereas nowadays data generated in three months cannot fit in the above
mitigate the problem, storage of records has been revised from five to three years which also
poses a challenge of losing much needed information for example challenges in retrieving
maternity information when trying to generate a birth record for one to acquire a birth
certificate. As such, health facilities deal with the life and health of their patients. Good
medical care relies on well-trained personnel and on high-quality facilities and equipment.
Good medical care also relies on good record keeping. Without accurate, comprehensive up-
to-date and accessible patient casenotes, medical personnel may not offer the best treatment
or may in fact misdiagnose a condition, which can have serious consequences while records
also provide evidence of the clinic’s accountability for its actions and they form a key source
of data for medical research, statistical reports and health information systems.
There are several types of costs associated with manual patient records. One type,
duplication of the record, requires paper and copying supplies, as well as the staff to
create and distribute the copies. Staff hired to assemble, file, retrieve, or distribute the
hard copy chart is a costly expense. Storage of the paper record necessitates the use of
valuable space that could be better utilized. The records also need to be protected
from water, fire, or mishandling of the paper to preserve their physical integrity.One
of the most expensive disadvantages of the paper record is duplicate patient testing
required to replace lost or missing test results. Repeating procedures may jeopardize
the patient’s health, creating a potential opportunity for an adverse medical event.
Duplicate testing wastes scarce medical resources (time, staff, supplies, and
equipment) that could be used for other patients. It is a contributing source to the
rising costs of health care by generating additional charges to be billed to the patient,
insurance company, or other third- party payor.A related issue pertains to ordering
potentially harmful situation for the patient and a needless expense for all concerned.
Claims submitted for medical errors that could have been prevented with accurate and
accessible patient information are issues that are seen with the use of a paper record.
Lost productivity results from various inadequacies of the paper record. This affects
multiple departments in a healthcare facility. Searches for misfiled charts waste time.
Staff members’ time is required to deliver paper records to a specific location. If the
paper record is not readily available, clerical staff responsible for filing
documentation may need to make several attempts before the task is completed.
Medical errors may be made if the staff makes decisions on inadequate information.
There is no ability to sort data fields in a paper record. Staff responsible for reporting
Of great concern is the lack of access to the record. Only one person at a time may use the
chart and the chart has to be in a single location. Staff needing access to the record must wait
until it is .
available for their use. This also contributes to the difficulty of updating the paper record,
especially for an active patient’s chart since that chart travels with the patient to each location
of care. Delivering documentation by hand to the patient’s temporary location lends itself to
the potential for losing or misplacing the records. Delayed access to the chart negatively
The issue of quality encompasses the physical record, the documentation, and patient
care. There are limitations to the physical quality of the paper record. The paper is
fragile and does not last permanently. Normal use of the record may result in torn or
stained documents. Also, over the years, the ink used to complete documentation can
fade. Actual damage resulting from water or fire is another threat to the physical
integrity of the paper record. The quality of the actual documentation varies based on
the health care provider’s documentation skills and knowledge level. While
standardization of the data documentation has improved over the years, not all
providers use the same abbreviations, terminology, format, or chart organization. This
information may be illegible, creating the potential for errors in patient treatment or
medication orders.
• Fragmentation caused by manual medical records.
Fragmentation of the patient’s record occurs as the result of multiple encounters with
compiling a longitudinal medical history for the patient. Each provider or facility has
only for a specific encounter. The level of fragmentation varies based on several
providers;
• The provider’s ability to directly elicit health information from the patient and any
• The limitations of the patient record system(s) that are being utilized to collect and
system should address and/or alleviate many of the general disadvantages of the paper
processes, a detailed strategy for determining the organization’s future needs and
goals, an organization’s willingness and ability to make significant changes, and the
project that demands the utmost dedication and commitment by the entire health
system. Patients, providers, and other interested parties could all expect to derive
FEASIBILITY STUDY
system or simple modification of the old one. Under feasibility study there are stages that will
help in deciding whether the new system is feasible or not Economic, Social and Technical
feasibility and operational feasibility. They help in determining whether a new system that I
plan to introduce is feasible or not and assesses magnitude and decide the scope of the
problem
Technical feasibility
• This is a study which seeks to provide whether the technology required for new
system is readily available. As for the project I plan to propose, the new system will
not work and not be effective and they will be problems also backups are not
available.
Economic feasibility
This aims at justifying the costs of implementing the new system will return funds
SOCIAL FEASIBILITY
• In this feasibility, evaluation on effects of introducing the new system on the
organization’s human resources. System users need to be well trained in using this
system. Training like how the system operates, how data will be recorded without
interruption. This new system will however be fast and user friendly and easy to use,
• The system i plan to propose will make sure that users will feel free and find it user-
friendly and effective than the old system. This is because the old system is giving a
yard time to the users and it is tiresome since information is recorded on paper
OPERATIONA FEASIBILITY
It seeks to establish changes in operational style of the organization. The new system does
not fully change the way the organization operates but helps the way the system was
operating thus providing easy way of recording information, massive security etc.
User requirements
• CPU
• Monitor
• Computer
• Storage
• 16GB RAM
• Coi5 processor
Software requirements
• Browser: Chrome
AIMS
• The first and most important is reducing paper work. Since paper work
avoid overcrowding.
Objectives
• To provide accurate information about the patients served at the clinic, the
•
Section B
There are three main alternative solutions that will help in this project. These alternative
solutions help in making a decision on what is it going to happen, which solution would be
the best and be brought forward but only one solution is taken into consideration. Three main
alternative solutions include Maintaining, off-the Shelf and Computerizing the system.
1. Maintaining
This is the process of making improvements to a system that is being used, designed
user requirements and changing of routines to make the system operate very fast
Advantages
Disadvantages
It is expensive to maintain.
This software is very much important for non-specialists and it suits the problems
Advantages
Disadvantages
Expensive to buy.
3. Computerizing
labour etc.
Advantages
The system will speed up recording processes by making use of check boxes and
combo boxes that will have pre-recorded details that will just need to be selected.
The computerized system will be tidier as it will not have papers that are difficult to
organize.
Finding records on the system will be easier because of the search options available.
It will also enable easy creation of backups by simply copying existing data onto
removable media.
Disadvantages
It may be a drawback as the workers will have to be taught on to use the system and
It needs expertise to install and maintain the computers and they are very expensive.
I prefer computerizing the system. This is because it is the best solution amongst all these
alternative methods. Computerization improves and reduces the problems I have identified in
this school and as an addition, it increases security, reduces loss of data, there is plenty of
storage, it helps or it makes it easy to collect data necessary and important information is
Designing involves designing of data entry forms, input methods e.g. by filling forms etc. and
the user interface. This is where the system I plan to implement is designed and the designs
would be user-friend
ready to be implemented. The data capture forms for Record Keeping Management System is
as follows:
Employees Register
This is the register that shows the list of patients admitted into the clinic on yearly
basis and records those who transfers to The register includes the name of the
patients, age, address of each patient, the date of admission, gender, date of birth.
ID
Full Name
Surname
Date of Birth
ID Number
Phone Number
ID
Full Name
Surname
Date of Birth
Sex
ID Number
Phone Number
SCREEN LAYOUTS
Patients form
Full Name
Surname
Date of birth
Sex
ID Number
Phone Number
E-Mail
Employees form
Full Name
Surname
Date of birth
Sex
ID Number
Phone Number
Data structure/File design involves designing tables/files, records and validation rules. It also
determines how data is to be stored and accessed, the media to be used for storage and the
mode of file organisation. This is where data structure/file design of Record Keeping
Login
Alphabetic 5 Buhle
String 5 Buhle
Patients Details
Surname Alphabetic 8
Sex Alphabetic 6
ID Number Number 15
Employee Details
Surname Alphabetic 8
Sex Alphabetic 6
ID Number Number 15
Overall Plan
Login form
The lock book
Drug stock
book
Staff Record
Book
Cancel Exit
Output Design
This is the design of reports, data output formats, screen displays and other printed
documents like receipts. Output design for Clinic Management System is thereby
designed and all the screen display will be shown. This is how the system looks like
Employees
er
e 9 74 com le
8 55 le
2 49 m le
da 00 87 m
2 23 le
he 8 27 com le
o 03 75 m le
i 3 93 com
9 44 m
Patients
numbe r Number
a e 4 m
o e 7 m
e 6
e 7
8 5
e 3
0 5
A test plan is detailed documents which examines the test strategies taken, schedules
2. Testing Strategies
3. Testing Objectives
4. Testing Criteria
5. Resource Planning
The updated system must be user friendly so that the people in charge will not
The responsible authorities who are taking care of the records must however
2. Testing Strategies
This is however the essential stage as it will look closely at the defining scope
and see if there is any need for updating the hardware or the software itself.
Hardware is checked if it can handle the upcoming system and the software is
tested so as to check any harmful things like viruses that will stop the system
Commonly and used into testing this system are Unit Test, API Testing,
3. TEST LOGISTICS
Technical documentation
Main Form:
Start
Select Option
End Select
End
Add Form:
Start
Select Option
If selected option is Add New Patient Then show Add New Patient Form
End Select
End
Flowcharts
Start
Select
Form
Serch
Patient
Search
Patient
All
Patients
Search
record
Adding
form
All Patients
shown
Stop
Search:
Start
Mai
n
Stop
Login codes
Imports System.Data.OleDb
txtUsername.Text = ""
txtPassword.Text = ""
MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Question) =
Windows.Forms.DialogResult.Yes Then
frmmain.Show()
Me.Hide()
Else
Return
End If
Else
MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error)
End If
Me.Hide()
End Sub
Me.Close()
End Sub
con.ConnectionString = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data
Debug\Clinic.mdb"
End Sub
ds.Tables.Add(dt)
da.Fill(dt)
For Each datarow In dt.Rows
datarow(2) Then
con.Close()
Return True
End If
Next
con.Close()
Return False
End Function
End Class
Patients form
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
Private Sub PatientsBindingNavigatorSaveItem_Click_1(sender As Object, e
As EventArgs)
End Sub
End Sub
Me.Validate()
Me.PatientsBindingSource.EndEdit()
Me.TableAdapterManager.UpdateAll(Me.ClinicDataSet)
End Sub
MyBase.Load
Me.PatientsTableAdapter.Fill(Me.ClinicDataSet.Patients)
End Sub
btnSave.Click
Try
PatientsBindingSource.EndEdit()
TableAdapterManager.UpdateAll(ClinicDataSet)
Catch ex As Exception
MsgBox("Error occur, please recheck the fields and try again")
End Try
End Sub
btnDelete.Click
PatientsBindingSource.EndEdit()
TableAdapterManager.UpdateAll(ClinicDataSet)
MsgBox("Record deleted")
End Sub
btnClose.Click
MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Question) =
Windows.Forms.DialogResult.Yes Then
frmmain.Show()
Me.Hide()
Else
Return
End If
End Sub
btnAdd.Click
Me.Validate()
Me.PatientsBindingSource.EndEdit()
Me.TableAdapterManager.UpdateAll(Me.ClinicDataSet)
End Sub
End Class
Employees Form
Handles MyBase.Load
Me.EmployeesTableAdapter.Fill(Me.ClinicDataSet.Employees)
End Sub
btnAdd.Click
Me.Validate()
Me.EmployeesBindingSource.EndEdit()
Me.TableAdapterManager.UpdateAll(Me.ClinicDataSet)
End Sub
btnDelete.Click
EmployeesBindingSource.EndEdit()
TableAdapterManager.UpdateAll(ClinicDataSet)
MsgBox("Record deleted")
End Sub
Me.Validate()
Me.EmployeesBindingSource.EndEdit()
Me.TableAdapterManager.UpdateAll(Me.ClinicDataSet)
End Sub
btnSave.Click
Try
EmployeesBindingSource.EndEdit()
TableAdapterManager.UpdateAll(ClinicDataSet)
Catch ex As Exception
End Try
End Sub
btnClose.Click
MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Question) =
Windows.Forms.DialogResult.Yes Then
frmmain.Show()
Me.Hide()
Else
Return
End If
End Sub
End Class
User Documentation
Installation
A window as shown below will appear, and then you should click next and the
At the end of installation another similar window will appear with the finish button
Click Install
RUNNING THE SYSTEM
the applications as shown below appear and click on EMPANDENI CLINIC SYSTEM
if the application did not appear in the start menu type EMPANDENI MANAGEMENT
A splash from will run followed by a login form which will appear and then you
Splash Form
Login Form
Enter passcode
Passcode is “Buhle”
Main Form
form
“ADD Patient” will open a form that allows the user to enter drug details and
“search patint“will open a form that allows the user to search the record of a
“delete patient” will open a datagridview that shows details of all drugs in
the hospital
Patients Form
Employees Form
Exiting the System
1. Click the exit button which is available on every form will enable you to instantly exit
the whole system e.g. the exit button in the Employees form shown below
2. a message box will pop up with the message “Are you sure you want to exit” and
Section D
User testing
Error messages
Achievements
The system is now secured since there is use of username and passwords
There is reduced human labour.the employees can now use computers which requires less
Weakness/ limitation
The system can only add patients and drug records only
As time goes on the system will be improved .There will be additions of other many forms