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02-Gradient & Directional Derivative

Gradient & Directional derivative notes Multivariable calculas

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15 views28 pages

02-Gradient & Directional Derivative

Gradient & Directional derivative notes Multivariable calculas

Uploaded by

deepakbond008
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Gradient of a scalar field

Example: Gradient of Scalar Field


Problems for Practice
Remark:
Remark:
Problem 2:
𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 , 𝑃(2,1, 3), 𝑏 = 𝑖 − 2𝑘

Solution:
𝛻𝑓 = 4𝑥, 6𝑦, 2𝑧
At 𝑃(2,1, 3), 𝛻𝑓 = 4 2 , 6 1 , 2(3) = 8, 6, 6
𝑏 = 12 + (−2)2 = 5
𝑏 1,0,−2 −4
At 𝑃(2,1, 3), 𝐷𝑏 𝑓 = 𝛻𝑓 ∙ = 8, 6, 6 ∙ =
𝑏 5 5
 The minus sign indicates that 𝑓 decreases at 𝑃 in the
direction of 𝑏
Problem 3:
𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = ln( 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑃(4,0)𝑏 = 𝑖 − 𝑗
Solution:
2𝑥 2𝑦
𝛻𝑓 = 2 , 2
𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑥 + 𝑦2
2

8 1
At 𝑃(4,0), 𝛻𝑓 = ,0 = ,0
16 2
𝑏 = 12 + (−1)2 = 2
𝑏 1 1,−1 1
At 𝑃(4,0), 𝐷𝑏 𝑓 = 𝛻𝑓 ∙ = ,0 ∙ =
𝑏 2 2 2 2
Problem 4:
𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑦 𝑃(2, 𝜋, 0)𝑏 = 2𝑖 + 3𝑗
Solution:
𝛻𝑓 = 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑦 , −𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑦
At 𝑃(2, 𝜋, 0), 𝛻𝑓 = 𝑒 2 (−1), −𝑒 2 (0)
= −𝑒 2 , 0
𝑏 = 22 + (3)2 = 13
𝑏
At𝑃(2, 𝜋, 0), 𝐷𝑏 𝑓 = 𝛻𝑓 ∙
𝑏
2, 3 −2𝑒 2
= −𝑒 2 , 0 ∙ =
13 13
Problem 5:
−𝟏
𝒇 𝒙, 𝒚 = (𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 ) 𝟐 , 𝑷 𝟑, 𝟎, 𝟒 , 𝒃=𝒊 +𝒋+𝒌

Solution:
−𝟏 𝟐 −𝟑 −𝟏 𝟐 −𝟑 −𝟏 𝟐 −𝟑
𝜵𝒇 = (𝒙 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 ) 𝟐 𝟐𝒙 , (𝒙 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 ) 𝟐 (𝟐𝒚), (𝒙 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 ) 𝟐 (𝟐𝒛) ∙
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

−𝟑
=− (𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐
𝒚 )𝟐 𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛

−𝟑
−𝟏
At 𝑷(𝟑, 𝟎, 𝟒), 𝜵𝒇 = −(𝟐𝟓) 𝟐 𝟑, 𝟎, 𝟒 = [𝟑, 𝟎, 𝟒]
𝟏𝟐𝟓

𝒃 = 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟏 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟑

𝒃 −𝟏 𝟏,𝟏,𝟏 −𝟕
At 𝑷(𝟑, 𝟎, 𝟒), 𝑫𝒃 𝒇 = 𝜵𝒇 ∙ = [𝟑, 𝟎, 𝟒] ∙ =
𝒃 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝟑 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝟑
∙
Problem : 6
Problems for practice

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