CALENDULA OIL FROM MARIGOLD FLOWER AS A

POTENTIAL ORGANIC SOAP REMEDY FOR SKIN

PROBLEMS

Jan Bricks D. Alcantara

College of Teacher Education
Mindoro State University – Calapan City Campus

Mr. Leonel C. Mendoza

Instructor
Abstract Calendula oil from Marigold Flower (Tagetes Erecta Linn) has
numerous medicinal and health benefits for the skin and can be used to make
organic soup. This research focuses on the creation of organic soup from its
essential oil, Calendula Oil, which can be obtained through extraction. Calendula
oil is well-known for its wonderful skin properties such as soothing irritated skin,
calming inflammation, and soothing sensitive areas, as well as antibacterial
properties that make it useful in wound healing. Calendula Oil on the production of
organic soup derives significance on future studies through significant methods of
conducting the study.

1. Introduction
The abundance and diversity of family (Asteraceae), marigolds are a
the microbes (bacteria, fungi, native of southwestern North America,
protozoa, and archaea) that inhabit tropical America, and South America.
and are on the human body have The pot marigold (genus Calendula)
significant implications for health. and unrelated plants from various
According to the body sites they families are also referred to by the
inhabit, these microbes are thought to name marigold. Beautiful yellow,
have co-evolved with humans. They orange, or red composite flowers that
serve a variety of functions for the are either solitary or in clusters are
host, from immune defense to produced by members of the genus
digestion. Research projects like the Tagetes. On the stem, the leaves are
Human Microbiome Project aim to arranged in opposition to one another
determine the normal range of and are typically finely cut. Each
variation in human microbiomes flower head is supported by distinctive
(which include all microbes, their bracts, which resemble leaves.
genes, and functions), and how this Numerous reports describe its
variation affects health. However, this use for a wide range of illnesses due
task has proven difficult because of to its long history of safety as a
the significant variation in microbial medicine for the treatment of
communities (groups of inflammations and skin wounds (Della
microorganisms that coexist in a Loggia et al., 1994). Additionally, the
common space) both within and stunning calendula flowers are widely
between populations. available and simple to grow in
Originally from the backyard gardens all over the world
Mediterranean region, calendula (Ramos et al., 1988).
officinalis (Asteraceae) is an annual Beta-carotene and vitamins A,
herb with yellow to orange flowers. It B, D, and E can be found in calendula
also goes by the name "pot marigold," macerated oil. It is soothing,
which was historically used in soups astringent, and emollient. Its anti-
and stews to treat worms’ illnesses fungal qualities have also been
(Ramos et al., 1988). An annual herb demonstrated in laboratory studies.
with about 50 species in the aster Triterpenoids and flavonoids are
among the components of calendula triterpene oligoglycosides, triterpene
flowers, and at least eight bioactive glycosides of the oleanane type, and
triterpendiol monoesters have been sesquiterpene glucoside. In vivo and
found in the extracts of dried in vitro tumor cell proliferation of a
calendula flowers. The plant's wide range of cancer cells is inhibited
components have been linked to by an aqueous extract using Laser
pharmacological properties such as Activated Calendula Extract (LACE),
immunostimulating, antibacterial, according to Jiménez-Medina et al.
antiviral, antiprotozoal, and (2006). This plant extract may be the
antineoplastic effects. cause of the cell lines' anti-cancerous
Aztec, or Mexican, marigolds are activity, which appears to be caused
among the most popular ornamentals by the arrest of the cell cycle in the
(Tagetes erecta). Its dense heads of G0/G1 phase and activation of
orange or yellow flowers are Caspase-3-induced apoptosis. This
frequently used as companion plants extract, when taken orally, also
in vegetable gardens to ward off slowed the growth of Ando-2
pests. The Mexican marigold is a melanoma cells that were injected
crucial flower for Da de los Muertos intraperitoneally into naked mice. Two
celebrations in Mexico and other Latin triterpene glycosides that were
American nations. The French extracted from the plant's flowers,
marigold, which is typically classified according to Ukiya et al. (2006),
as a variety of T, is another well-liked exhibit strong cytotoxic effects
ornamental. erecta or sporadically as against colon cancer, leukemia, and
a separate species, T. patula. Several melanoma cells while also acting as
other species are cultivated as garden an anti-inflammatory in 2-O-
plants, and the majority of them have tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
aromatic leaves. (TPA)-induced inflammation.
Black, necrotic, or sloughing
skin could be a sign of an infection,
Calendula (Calendula officinalis) ectoparasite, burn, or trauma.
plants accumulate calendic acid Because the moisture under dead skin
(octadeca-8:10:12-trienoic acid), can encourage
which can be used as a drying agent bacterial growth that can spread to
in paints, varnishes, and plastics other parts of the body, burns need to
(Beerentrup and Rbbelen, 1987). be treated both locally and
Despite being primarily used as an systemically. Debridement can speed
ornamental plant. Calendula cell up healing and prevent secondary
suspension cultures and in vitro bacterial infections, as can topical
regeneration have both been application of creams like calendula
documented (Grzelak and ointment or silver sulfadiazine cream,
Janiszowska, 2002; Legha et al., 2012; as well as the use of sugar or honey
çü et al., bandages.
2004; Leal et al., 2009; Victório et al., Human skin bacterial
2012). The marigold plant, Calendula communities change as a result of
officinalis, is abundant in flavonol environmental factors in addition to
glycosides, carotenoids, saponins, changes that take place during
development. The body can be evaluate and compare the physical
thought of as an island that constantly properties of soap formulation of
interacts with various microbes over various tests and concentrations in
time. A wide terms of foaming propensity, pH,
color, texture, odor, lather intensity,
and emolliency propensity.
range of environmental and biological
factors affect the variety and
abundance of these microbes. 3. Materials and Methods
Meanwhile, when it comes to
using marigold to treat skin
3.1. Purchasing
conditions, the flower offers a number
of advantages due to its antibacterial Calendula officinalis flower
and anti-inflammatory properties.
Marigold is also regarded as a highly Flower were purchased and
effective astringent and a potent procured locally from Calapan City,
antiseptic. As a result, it helps with Oriental Mindoro. They were stored in
skin issues and improves one's plastic containers before the flower
appearance. were subjected to extraction.
The researcher believes that
this is the best main ingredient to use
in creating a natural organic anti- 3.2. Preparation of
bacterial, anti-fungal, and antioxidant Calendula officinalis flower
soap given its physical properties and to extraction
any other relevant information.
This study was carried out to The flower of Calendula
examine and evaluate the Calendula officinalis was purchased and
Oil from Marigold Flower in a soap collected on January 17, 2023.
formulation of various concentrations. Immediately after collection, the
flower was washed using tap water to
2. Objectives of the remove the dirt and other unwanted
Study particles. The flowers were removed
to its stem and placed into a small jar
and were being crushed using marble.
This investigation set out to On that process, the oil from the
assess the physical and chemical Calendula flower were being extracted
characteristics of Calendula officinalis and mixed by olive oil and stored for 3
Oil from Marigold Flower in a variety days. Using a cloth, the oil was filtered
of tests and concentrations. It from the mixture of crushed flower
specifically sought to: (1) evaluate and olive oil. It was then stored in a
and compare the sensory qualities of room temperature in one area and
the soap formulation of various was put in a small container.
concentrations using quantitative
descriptive analysis (QDA); and (2)
 3.3. Preparation of Soap Ingredients
Formulations Quantities

Calendula Oil (Marigold

The organic materials (extract of
Flower) 5
Calendula Flower specifically the
mL
Calendula Oil from Marigold Flower),
Base Oil 250 mL
laboratory tools and materials
Antibac 2
(Pitcher, measurement scoops and
mL
soap molder), soap making
Sodium benzoate 1/6
ingredients (250mL base oil, 2.5mL
Moisturizer (Aloe Vera) 2.5
1
colorant, mL sodium benzoate, Bubble Enhancer 1.5 mL
16
Patchouli 2 mL
2.5mL moisturizer, 15mL bubble
Hardening 2.5
enhancer, 2mL antibac, 2.5mL
Lyse Solution (LS) 114.5
patchouli, 5mL extract, 5mL
mL
hardening and 114.5 mL of Lye
Solution) were prepared prior to the
actual soap making.
The 250mL base oil was 3.4. Determination of
prepared first. It was then added by the physical properties of
1 Soap Formulation
2.5mL colorant, following the mL
16
sodium benzoate, 2.5mL moisturizer, All the soap base formulations
also added by 15mL of bubble prepared were tested for their
enhancer joining together with 2mL physical properties.
antibac, 2,5mL patchouli, 5mL of the
Calendula Oil as extract, 5mL 3.4.1 Foaming Propensity
hardening and 114.5 mL of Lye Testing
solution and was stir immediately
after adding the hardening solvent in Each soap recipe's 1g portion
one direction only and was put onto was dissolved in 10 ml of tap water.
the soap molder of choice. After shaking the test tube for one
The hardened soap was stored minute, it was left to stand still. It was
and let dried for over estimating 24 timed how long it took the soap
hours and was molded after to the solution to defoam.
shaped chosen by the researcher.
Lastly the soap was cured for a day to 3.4.2 pH Determination Test
remove the remains of the lye
solution. Using a digital pH meter, a one-
gram sample of each soap formulation
was tested for pH. The outcomes were
Table 1. Composition of Soap tallied.
Formulation
3.4.3 Emolliency Propensity
Testing
 depending on the viscosity and
This experiment was carried out density of the foam, the presence of
to evaluate how conclusive the soap oil accelerates foam coarsening.
samples were. On a white piece of During the testing of the organic soap,
paper, two grams of each soap were it was found that the thicker the foam
spread over a surface area of about 5 produced, which results in high
cm2, and the mixture was allowed to viscosity, the more motion was used
stand for 24 hours. All soap samples' while shaking for the foam propensity
degree of translucency was ranked in test. As stated in Sheng, J.'s study
three categories: mild, moderate, and (2013), a foam's stability is generally
strong. higher the higher its viscosity.

Table 2. Foaming Propensity Test of the

Produce Organic Soap
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
3.5. Sensory Evaluation Time it takes 1 hr. 1 hr. 1 hr.
for foam 45 39 38
of the Soap Formulations stability mins. mins. mins.
Average: 1 hr. 41 mins.
The intensity of the soap
formulation's sensory qualities was The amount of time it takes for
evaluated using quantitative the foam to vanish or collapse in an
descriptive analysis. Respondents aqueous solution is a measure of the
made a vertical mark on a 6-inch product soap's foam stability. In trials
horizontal line at that location, which 1, 2, and 3, the solution achieves
represents the intensity, to record the foam stability in 1 hour and 45
intensity of each attribute. Two-word minutes, 1 hour and 39 minutes, and
anchors are present along the line, 0.5 1
inches from either end, and
respondents are advised that they
may mark outside of the anchors. By hour and 38 minutes, respectively.
calculating the distance from the mark The produced organic soap made from
on each scale to the far-left end of the Calendula Oil from Marigold Flower
scale, the mark on each scale is had an average foam stability of 1
transformed into a numerical value. hour and 41 minutes after the three
The outcomes were then tallied. trials. In conclusion, trial 1 took the
longest to defoam, with trials 2 and 3
4. Results and Discussion following.

4.2. pH Determination Test

4.1. Foaming Propensity Test
The organic soap's pH values in
This suggests that the thickness the three trials vary but are relatively
of the foam produced in the aqueous close to one another. Trial 1 and Trial
solution is influenced by oil-based 3 have pH values of 10.98 and 10.89,
soap. In Bonsu's research, K. and respectively, while Trial 2 has a pH of
Grassia, P. (2015) found that, 11.05. Trial 2 had the highest pH
profile, though. The average pH level Table 4. Emolliency of the Produced
of organic soap made with marigold Organic Soap
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
flower-derived calendula oil is 10.97.
Translucency Strong Mild Modera
te
Table 3. pH Profile of the Produced
Organic Soap
Trial 1 received a strong
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
pH Value 10.98 11.05 10.89 translucency for the emolliency test
Average: 10.97 results of the organic soap made from
calendula oil. After spreading the soap
As a result of the findings, the on a white piece of paper and leaving
product soap was classified as alkaline it there for 24 hours, Trial 2's results
and close to the qualified pH value were Mild, and Trial 3's results were
with a safe range. According to Moderate.
Tyebkhan's research, a soap with a pH
of 0 to 6 in an aqueous solution is 4.4 Sensory Analysis of the
considered acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, Produced Organic Soap
a pH of 8 to 10 is alkaline, and a pH of
11 and above is too harsh for the skin By putting the soap formulation
and will irritate it. The average score through a linear scale and using sense
for the product soap is 10.97, which organs, the researcher was able to
may be a sign that it is both safe to gather the following information for
use and has cleaning power. This the sensory analysis of the
indicates that the organic soap characteristics of the product soap.
produced meets the requirements for The value of 8.00 was determined by
a soap's pH level to be considered measuring the color's intensity with
skin-friendly. the sense of sight. The lather intensity
of the product soap made from
4.3. Emolliency Propensity calendula flower-calendula oil is 5.89
Testing while the texture intensity is 7.22 and
6.78 in the odor.
It alludes to the finding that a
soap's emolliency and oil content are Table 5. Sensory Analysis of the
Produced Organic Soap
directly proportional to one another. Color 8.00
cited from a study by A. O. Oyedele. Texture 7.22
et. According to al. (2017), soap Odor 6.78
formulations with high oil Lather 5.89
concentrations have a tendency to be Intensity
clearer. The number of times the soap
is spread across the white sheet of Quantitative Descriptive
paper is the only factor that affects Analysis was used to examine the
how translucent the test result is. sensory characteristics of the soap
formulations, such as their flavor,
texture, and lather volume. The
colorant is used during saponification,
and the extract's active components
have an impact on the soap's shade
color. On the other hand, the type and amounts of oil can be used in various
quantity of oil used during the treatments. The antimicrobial activity
manufacturing process affects the of the extracts may be a topic for
texture. The natural scents of the additional research in this area.
ingredients were overpowered by the
fragrance oil used in the
saponification process. REFERENCES:

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