UNDERGRADUATE SPECIAL PROJECT

FORMAT(Areas Highlight Blue Should Be

Ignored)

A SURVEY OF A CROSS SECTION OF WOMEN’S RAMPAGE IN ABA RIOT

BY

PRISCILLA ONOME NWOKE (CAP; Surname Last)

HND (Auchi); B.A (Benin) …Note; Not UNIBEN.

PG/ART.0000489841

1
 MARCH, 2018

(TITLE PAGE)

SURVEY OF A CROSS SECTION OF WOMEN’S RAMPAGE IN ABA RIOT

BY

PRISCILLA ONOME NWOKE (CAP; Surname Last)

HND (Auchi); B.A (Benin) …Note; Not UNIBEN.

PG/ART.0000489841

A PROJECT WRITTEN IN THE DEPARTMENT OF FINE AND APPLIED ARTS,

Faculty OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF BENIN, UNIVERSITY
OF BENIN, BENIN CITY, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR
THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF FINE ARTS (B.A FINE ARTS)

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 SUPERVISOR

CERTIFICATION (Bold, Capitalized and Centralized)

We, the undersigned certify that this work was carried out by Miss Priscilla
Onome Nwoke in the Department of Fine and Applied Arts, Faculty of
Environmental Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City.

Supervisor

Date

Head of Department

Date

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 External EXAMINER

Date

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Bold, Capitalized and Centralized)

Table of Contents, Not Content, add (s). List of Plates with Titles and Pages
should be included (Plates for Photographs, Fig. for illustrations). You should
have separate pages for list of Plates and Figures. In the Table of Contents,
CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION; CHAPTER TWO – REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE; CHAPTER THREE – METHODOLOGY; REFERENCES and APPENDIX
should all be capitalized. Other information – Background to the Study;
Statement of the Problem down to Operational Definition of Terms should be
Cap & Low.

4
See Sample Below:

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page … … … … … … … … … … … … … i

Certification … … … … … … … … … … … … … ii

Acknowledgements ......... .... .... ... .... .... iii

List of Plates… … … … … … … … … … … … … iii

List of Tables… … … … … … … … … … … … … vi

List of Figures… … … … … … … … … … … … … vii

Abstract ............ .... .... ... .... ... .... ... ..... .... ... v

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION … … … … … … … …… 1

1.0 Background to the Study … … … … … … … … … ….. 1

1.1 Statement of the Problem … … … … … … … … … ……

7

1.2 Research Questions … … … … … … … … … … … 7

1.3 Hypotheses … … … … … … … … … … … … … 7

1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Study … … … … … … … 8

1.4 Significance of the study … … … … … … … … … … 9

1.5 Scope and Delimitation of the Study … … … … … … … … 10

5
1.6 Limitation … … … … … … … … … … … … … ... .. 10

1.6 Definition of Terms … … … … … … … … ... 11

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW … … … .... .... .......... 12

2.0 Conceptual Framework… … … … … … … … … … … ..... 12

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER FOUR: VISUAL ANALYSIS, AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS.

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

… … … … … … … .... ....... .......... ... 20

REFERENCES … … … … … … … … … … … … … 50

APPENDIX … … … … … … … … … … … … … 110

NOTE; Contents should not appear on the Table of Contents Page.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (Bold, Capitalized and Centralized)

Acknowledgements, add (s). Be formal – Names should be in full or at least have

initials while fancy names should be avoided. Do not use 1st Person Pronouns,
e.g. I, My etc. (You can say… Sincere gratitude goes to ---- His ----) Say why you
have acknowledged the individual. Your supervisor and the postgraduate sub-
committee members and your teachers should not be left out as most students
prefer to acknowledge their peers to lecturers who actually guided them on the
programme. It's advisable to begin with your supervisor (Chief - Supervisor and
Co - Supervisor). This should be followed by the Head of Department and
progress to members of the Departmental Postgraduate Sub - Committee for
their labour in reading through and making contributions to the work. Note;
grammatically, you do not appreciate a person, you appreciate what a person
does. A page or one and a half page is enough for the Acknowledgements.

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 LIST OF PLATES (Bold, Capitalized and Centralized)

(1) Appropriation Process… … … … … … … … … ….. 8

(2) Making Sketches from Interpretation… … … … … … … … 10

(3) Transfer of Sketches… … … … … … … … … ….. 12

(4) Painting Process… … … … … … … … … ….. 14

(5) Realization of 4 Dimensional Visual Form … … … …… 19

NOTE: Items should be in cap & Low

LIST OF FIGURES (Bold, Capitalized and Centralized)

(1) Illustration of the E- Process… … … … … … … … … 18

(2) Illustration from Interpretation… … … … … … … … 19

(3) Transfer of Sketches Diagram… … … … … … … … … 22

(4) Painting Process Sketch… … … … … … … … … ….. 24

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(5) Realization of 4 Dimensional Visual Format… … … … ….. …. 79

NOTE: Items should be in cap & Low

ABSTRACT (Bold, Capitalized and Centralized)

The abstract should be written in three paragraphs, using the same font size with
the main Thesis.

Paragraph I: Capture the Problem and Objective (Purpose) of the study.

Paragraph 2: The second paragraph should capture the Methodology.(Design of

the Study; Sample and Sampling Technique; Population; Studio Production
Process)

Paragraph 3: The third paragraph should capture the Results,(Findings)

Conclusion and Recommendations.

Note: The abstract should be written in the past tense; Results should however
be written in the Present tense. Note that, abstract is not necessary in writing
Thesis proposal. The abstract should be between one and one a half pages. It is
advisable to reduce it to one page since the Synopsis of Research required at the
Postgraduate School is one page. The abstract should have the same font with
the main work (Not cursive). Times New Romans and maximum of font size– 13
is preferable)

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 CHAPTER ONE (Bold, Capitalized and Centralized)

INTRODUCTION (Bold, Capitalized and Centralized)

Chapter One is followed by INTRODUCTION (Capital and Centralized). This is only

capitalized heading after chapter one

All other sub-headings – Background to the study, Statement of the Problem

down to Operational Definition of Terms should be Cap & Low and bold. Shift to
the left margin, all sub-headings under chapter one.

Background to the Study (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left Margin)

Precisely, the Background to the study should capture the antecedents,

motivation and inspiration for the study (Egonwa, 2012)

Statement of the Problem (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left Margin)
Shift to the left margin all sub-headings under chapter one and indeed all sub-
headings under all the chapters. This is the gap in knowledge that the study is
intended to fill. Ehiametalor views a Problem as an interrogative statement.

Research Questions (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left Margin)
(e.g, The following Research Questions were raised to guide the study)

Put them in question form, intelligently grafted around the problem (Egonwa,
2012).

Avoid questions that require YES or NO responses. Preferable are questions

with action words like ...How can..? What will be.... What are the possibilities of...
What are the processes involved in....

Note: Research Question is always written in Cap and Low throughout the

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Thesis(For example....Research Questions).

The Research Questions should be numbered in Arabic numerals... 1,2,3,4,5.,

and not in Roman figures... i, ii, III.). Research Questions should not be too many,
a maximum of five (5)would be acceptable. Note that Research Questions must
correspond with the Objectives of the study. In other words, the researcher is
simply putting each Research Question in a statement form, to produce the
Objectives of the study.

Hypothesis/Hypotheses if used, should also be stated in the null, for the purpose
of testing.

Hypothesis or Hypotheses (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left Margin)

If any (They should also correspond with the Research Questions.

Aim and Objectives of the Study (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left
Margin)

The Aim should capture the general purpose of the research while the objectives
are specific steps taken to fill the gap in knowledge as stated in the statement of
problem. The objectives should reflect the issues in the Research Questions. e.g,
Research Question 1, How can tonal values be achieved to create a 3-
dimensional effect,,?

The Objective No.1 should be - Achievement of tonal values for the creation of 3-
dimensional effect.

The Objectives should correspond with the Research Questions. In other words,
the researcher is simply putting each Research Question in a statement form, to
produce the Objectives of the study.

Always remember to capitalize the R and Q in the Research Questions.

Significance of the study (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left Margin)
This should comprehensively explain the contribution to knowledge, the expected
outcomes the objectives. Beneficiaries of the study should also be reflected in
this segment.

Scope And Delimitation of the Study. (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left

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Margin)

The Scope should capture the variables of interest to the researcher. They are
variables you intend to deal with, while Delimitation is the geographical coverage
or spatial coverage of the study. e.g. Edo State, etc). It should be noted that if
the researcher is able to capture the objectives of the study, the scope of the
study would have been achieved. The Objectives can be arranged in a prose form
to achieve this.

Limitation: (if any) (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left Margin)
These are factors that could hinder the generalizability of results to the entire
population.

Finance and time are not acceptable factors in limitation. Boko Haram; e.t.c
could be considered as appropriate in limitation.

Definition of Terms (If any) (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left Margin)

Operational Definition of terms is preferable in postgraduate theses writing. Only

words that are operationalized should be included.(In other words, only the terms
that the researcher has assigned meanings to, other than their lexical meanings
should be included in this segment)

CHAPTER TWO (Bold, Capitalized and Centralized)

. LITERATURE REVIEW (Bold, Capitalized & Centralized)

This chapter should begin on a new page. Tell briefly what the chapter is all
about;(Give a brief preamble) this chapter deals with the review of related
literature. Itemized below, the sub-headings you intend to review. E.g. the review
was carried out under the following sub-headings: use bullets or Roman Figures
to itemize them. All the sub-topics should be cap and low.

Where the Theoretical or Conceptual Framework is placed in chapter Two, it

should be the first sub-topic. In other words, it should be addressed before the
sub-topics.

Narrative citations should begin with the author’s surname and year in bracket.
Onome (2009), while the parenthetical citations should have the author’s name

11
and year in bracket at the end of the quotation. Eg.( Onome, 2009).

Note: If you quote verbatim, put the year and Page. Do not put Initials or Title, e.g.
Prof. Onome (1999) observed that------------

B.A. Ojo (1999) suggested -----------

Use only surname and year. Ojo (1999) suggested --------

Where the author’s name and date are placed at the end of the verbatim quote,
the author’s name and date are put in bracket .. (Onome, 1999:10) Note that there
is a comma before the year. Please, refer to your APA document for more details.
If you indent, do not put question marks.

Consult also the APA style of referencing for information on two, three and more
authors; the use of ampersand between two or more authors and
verbatim/paraphrased citations. Note also the format for indentation when the
sentence is beyond 30 words. Ensure that all the authors cited are listed in the
reference.

CHAPTER THREE (Bold, Capitalized and Centralized)

METHODOLOGY (Bold, Capitalized and Centralized)

Begin by saying what the chapter is all about. (Give a brief preamble): e.g. This
chapter deals with the Design of the study; Description of the; Population; Sample
and Sampling Technique; Instrument for Data Collection; Validity of Instrument;
Reliability of Instrument; Description of Materials; Procedure (Studio Production
Process) and Method of Visual Analysis And Detailed Description of the Studio
Production Process.

Note that only the heading Chapter Three and Methodology are capitalized and
centralized while all other sub-headings Design of Study etc are bold, cap & low
and must be shifted to the left margin as demonstrated below.

Design of the study (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left Margin)

According to Allison (1992), various designs that have been used in the visual
Arts include:

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Historical

Philosophical (Theoretical)

Experimental (Pre-test, Post-Test and Control).

Comparative (Cross-Cultural).

Descriptive (Surveys; Causal-Comparative Methods)

Naturalistic (Interpretative; Phenomenological; Qualitative Enquiry)

Practical (Creative; Expressive/Productive)

Allison has argued that the Descriptive, Naturalistic and Practical are more
associated to what he termed the artistic method. Egonwa (2012) identified:

Experimental or Exploratory; Testing Out and Problem Solving as studio art

methods. It important to note that most of the studies in the Experimental design
are Quasi-Experimental, consequently, the Quasi-Experimental design will be
found friendly for the artist. It should be noted that the researcher is expected to
select any suitable design procedure and will be required to explain and justify its
usage for the study.

Population of the Study (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left Margin)

The population refers to the entire universe from which the researcher draws his
sample

Sample and Sampling Technique (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left
Margin)

The sample is the sub-set of the population. It should not be less than 10% of the
population. Select any suitable type sampling techniques – simple random
sampling; stratified etc

Instrument for Data Collection (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left Margin)

The instrument for data collection and administration should be described.

Questionnaire is an example of instrument for the procurement of data. Items on
the questionnaire must be described as well as its methods of administration to
the respondents. Other electronic devices, such as; cameras, multi-media
13
projectors etc could be used to obtain data. Records; tests and examination
scores etc can also be used.

Validity of Instrument (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left Margin)

The Instrument is expected to be validated by two (2) or three (3) experts which
could be in the Department of Fine and Applied Arts.(If necessary)

Description of Materials (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left Margin)

Procedure (Studio Production Process) (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left
Margin)

Give an Outline of the Stages and Steps employed to carry out the project.

Step I: Preparation of the surface (Bold, Cap & Low)

Add a brief explanation under each Step (Normal font)

e. g. This step involves....

Step II: Making of Sketches (Bold, Cap & Low)

Method of Visual Analysis and Discussion (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the
Left Margin)

This aspect of the methodology is concerned about how the Discussion or

Analysis of the Special Project will be carried out.

Features that will be adopted to analyze the works (the outcome of the studio
Production Process) will include concept, size, style, technique, medium,
materials, colour, general expression and all relevant details as the case may be.

Artworks – Paintings, Sculpture pieces, etc produced in all the stages will be
analysed and discussed. The discussion will be carried out separately or
collectively depending on the nature of the study. This will also be done to
preliminary art productions in a situation where there is a major production
14
(Monumental Artwork). Where a monumental work is produced, the artwork will
be analysed separately. Features that will be adopted to analyze the works (the
outcome of the studio Production Process) should include concept, size, style,
technique, medium, materials, colour and all relevant details as the case may be.
State how the Hypotheses will be tested and analysed if you have. e.g. The Mann
Whitney U Test will be used to test the five (5) Hypotheses. The Mann Whitney U
Test is suitable for test for difference between two means (groups). It is non
parametric statistics used when the assumptions for the t.test are violated. In
other words, it is the analogue of the parametric statistics and its used when the
sample size is small. It could be ANOVA, used when the data is interval or
ratio.……on and on. In other word, justify the choice of the statistics selected to
test the Hypotheses.

In respect to the Research Questions, they are expected to be answered during

the discussion of results.

Detailed Description of the Studio Production Process

The segment should open with a preamble. This segment deals with the detailed
studio production process. The studio production process is explained and mode
of execution is reported. Give a comprehensive description of the process, the
stages and steps and affix photographs(Plates) of works produced in each step
(A maximum of two on page).

This Chapter may be merged with Chapter Three except the study is complex or
massive in nature. It is suggested that, in the event that this chapter merged with
Chapter Three, the sub-heading should be...

3. Detailed Description of Studio Production Process

UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS, NOTE

Here you are required to state the procedure for carrying the project, the Stages and Steps.

E.g.

Step I: Preparation of the Surface (Bold, Cap & Low)

Then go ahead to describe how the sizing was carried out. Don't command the reader.

Don't use words like... Take a jar of glue. Instead, you can say... A jar of glue was spread

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 on....

Step II: Making of Sketches (Bold, Cap & Low)

Also describe how it was done. Affix the photograph.

Step III: Transfer of Sketch to the Canvas.

Also describe the process.

Step IV: Detailing

Step V: Finishing

CHAPTER FOUR (Bold, Capitalized and Centralized)

VISUAL ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS.

(Bold, Capitalized and Centralized)

Give a brief explanation of what the chapter is all about. This chapter deals with
visual analysis and discussion of results. The art productions are analyzed; the
Plates (Photographs of works) and Figures (Illustrations) are created to express
the works. Works (Plates) could be analyzed individually or collectively. They are
analyzed based on the objectives. Features such as – size, style, technique,
medium, materials, colour among others should be employed for the analyses.
Reference should be made to the literature to create a framework for the analysis.

Presentation of Results (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left Margin)

Research Questions would be answered alongside the Presentation of Results.

This segment can be presented as expressed below:

Capture the concept of Research Question I. (The Research Questions should

correspond with the stages in the studio production process) for instance,
Research Question I : How can tonal values be achieved for the creation of 3-

16
dimensional effect… ?

You can begin this segment this way:

Research Question 1 (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left Margin) the visual
analysis of works produced in this study was done. This was an attempt to
answer the Research Question which asked how tonal values can be achieved for
the creation of 3-dimensonal effect... The visual analysis shows that the……… (put
the results). The implication is that tonal values can be achieved to create a 3-
dimensional effect….

Research Question 2 (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left Margin)

The visual analysis of works produced in this study was done. This was an
attempt to answer the Research Question which asked-------The visual analysis
shows that…… (put the results). The implication is that……

Research Question 3 (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left Margin)

The visual analysis of works was also carried out. This was an attempt to answer
the Research Question which asked how -------The visual analysis shows that……
(put the results). The implication is that……

This should be done to all the Research Questions.

Discussion of Results (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left Margin)

This section deals with interpretation and discussion of results. The artistic as
well as other implications of the results have been reported in this segment. The
findings of the study have therefore been discussed as follows:

The test of Research Question 1, shows that tonal values can be achieved to
create 3-dimesional effect. The finding implied that 3-dimensional effect on ----
can be achieved using----

Considering the fact that -----, tonal values can be------ (expatiate), the result
suggests that --------

The finding is expected for a number of reasons ------- if it is a normal occurrence

17
or situation, then go ahead to highlight or emphasize on the issue. Cite authors
who hold a similar view: three and above references to support or disagree if the
situation is contrary. In other words, tie your findings to the literature. Commonly
used examples are----

The finding is in consonance with Onome (2010) when he argued that------ The
finding also corroborates the claims of Ojo (2007). In the same vein, the current
practice of art invariably supports this position.

The finding is also a product of good draughtsmanship etc.

The Test of Research Question 2 shows that-----. The Result is in agreement with
the observation of Imonikebe (2012) on systematic approach to painting. He
identified notable factors in -------. On the effect of the approach, he ------- (simply
say more about the position, give a detail argument etc)

The result of Research Question 3 shows that ---------

The test of Research Question 4 shows that -----

The result of Research Question 5 reveals that----- The finding is consonant with
the expectation of Ogene

(2011). He identified a variety of factors----- The finding is also in line with -------

FOR UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS,

Chapter Four should be limited to Discussion or Analysis of the Special Project.

Features that will be adopted to analyze the works (the outcome of the studio
Production Process) should include concept, size, style, technique, medium,
materials, colour, general expression and all relevant details as the case may be.

CHAPTER FIVE (Bold, Capitalized and Centralized)

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS (Bold,

Capitalized and Centralized)

This chapter is a presentation of the summary of the research findings, the

18
conclusion and recommendation. It also deals with the contribution to
knowledge, implication of findings and suggestions for further research.

Summary (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left Margin)

This study examined ----- (title), Precisely the study aimed to find out if-----,

The design of the study was ------- The sample consisted of -------- see (Appendix if
necessary)

The instrument was validated by three experts who are Professors of Painting in
the University of Benin, Benin City Nigeria and a Reliability of …e.g. 0.72 was
obtained using the Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (if Reliability was
determined or included in the study). The t-test for independent groups was
employed to analyze the data while the five (5) Hypotheses, were tested at 0.05
level of significance (an example of how to do the report when hypotheses are
used).

The results showed that: All the null hypothesis were retained (Accepted)
implying that---- (an example of how results are reported in case Hypotheses are
tested)

The works (paintings) were analyzed to answer the Research Questions.

The result showed that all the Research Questions were accepted, implying that;

1) Tonal values can be achieve------

2)

3)

Note: The summary is reported in the past tense.

Conclusion (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left Margin)

Based on the findings of this study, the following conclusions were made:

That the ---- (re-state the results or findings) and expand (explain and emphasize
the implications)

Do not take the results one by one but put them together in the light of your
thesis (the entire work).
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Implication of Findings (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left Margin)

Based on the conclusions drawn in this study----

List out the usefulness of each finding (significance and applicability beyond the
studio)

Take them one by one and discuss the implications in the light of your field of
study and beyond.

Contribution to Knowledge (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left Margin) This
should begin with a stem sentence such as : The study has contributed to
knowledge in the following ways;....

Spell out the contribution to knowledge and number them in Arabic numerals.
Note, it is not contributions to knowledge (Don’t add ‘S’). This is not a list of the
findings of the study.

Recommendations (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left Margin)

Itemized your recommendations based on your findings and objectives. This

must be within the purview of your study.

Suggestion for Further Research (Bold, Cap & Low and Shifted to the Left Margin)

E.g. This study has established the effectiveness and availability of tonal values.
However other areas which would require further investigation have been
identified. (Put them in paragraphs)

REFERENCES (Bold, Capitalized and Centralized)

Consult the APA style of referencing and double-check your referencing. Finally,
take your finished work to an expert to edit your language. (English Department
or Mass Communication will be Preferable).

APPENDIX (Bold, Capitalized and Centralized)

Headings in the Appendix should be cap and low.

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