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Lab 12

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hunain akhtar
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26 views

Lab 12

Lab 12 oop

Uploaded by

hunain akhtar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name Hunain Akhtar

CLASS EEE-3

Teacher Nayab Gogosh

REG NO FA23-EEE-017

ASSIGNMENT-1
1. Answer these
A. Explain with suitable example, syntax of for loop in C++. And discuss
how it is di erent from C syntax.
B. Explain concept of abstract class.
C. State the use of scope resolution operator and its use in C++.
D. State use of new operator.
E. List and explain use of any four file mode parameters
F. Explain use of friend function with the help of suitable example.
G. Write a C++ program to swap two numbers using pointer

ANSWER
A. For Loop in C++:

Syntax:

for (initialization; condition; update) {

Statements to be executed}

Example:

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

cout << "Iteration " << i << endl;

Di erences from C:

* Initialization: C allows multiple variable declarations, while C++ restricts it to one.

* Empty Body: C requires a semicolon after an empty loop body, while C++ doesn't.

* Range-Based for Loops: C++ has range-based for loops for iterating over containers,
which C lacks.
B) . Explain concept of abstract class

An abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated directly. It serves as a blueprint for
other classes, defining common methods and attributes that derived classes must
implement. Abstract classes contain at least one pure virtual function, a function declared
with the virtual keyword and assigned the value 0. Derived classes must provide concrete
implementations for all inherited pure virtual functions

EXAMPLE

class Shape {

public:

virtual double area() = 0;

};

class Circle : public Shape {

public:

double area() override {

};

C. State the use of scope resolution operator and its use in C++.
ANSWER

The scope resolution operator (:) is used to access members of a class that are hidden by
other declarations within the same scope. It also allows you to access static members of a
class without creating an instance of the class.

D. State use of new operator.


The new operator is used to dynamically allocate memory for objects on the heap. It
returns a pointer to the newly allocated memory. You are responsible for deallocating this
memory using the delete operator when it's no longer needed to avoid memory leaks.

Example:
int* ptr = new int;

*ptr = 10;

cout << *ptr << endl;

delete ptr;

E. List and explain use of any four file mode parameters


1. ios::in: Opens a file for input.
2. ios::out: Opens a file for output (creating it if it doesn't exist or overwriting
its contents).
3. ios::app: Opens a file for output, appending data to the end if it exists. 4.
ios::binary: Opens a file in binary mode, preserving byte-level data.
Example:
ifstream inputFile("data.txt", ios::in);
ofstream outputFile("output.txt", ios::out | ios::binary);

F. Explain use of friend function with the help of suitable example


A friend function is a function that has access to the private members of a
class, even if it's not defined within the class. It's declared as a friend using
the friend keyword within the class definition. Friend functions are often used
for non-member functions that need to operate on private data of a class.
Example:
class MyClass {
private:
int data;
public:
friend void printData(MyClass obj);
};
void printData(MyClass obj) {
cout << obj.data << endl;
}

G. Write a C++ program to swap two numbers using pointer


#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void swap(int* x, int* y) {
int temp = *x;
*x = *y;
*y = temp;
}
int main() {
int a = 10, b = 20;
cout << "Before swapping: a = " << a << ", b = " << b << endl;
swap(&a, &b);
cout << "After swapping: a = " << a << ", b = " << b << endl;
return 0;
}
2.Make a class Home , which has three data member length, breadth and
height. The member functions are constructor, destructor , calculate
area, calculate volume.
Program:

3.Make a program for the given data

class Human

{ private:

EyeColor IColor;

NAME personname;

public:

void SetName(NAME anyName);

void SetIColor(EyeColor eyecolor); };


Program:

Output:
4.

class person

char name[20];

int id;

public:

void getdetails(){}

};

Program:
5. Write a C++ program to display number of objects created using static member.

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